Compute! Gazette Issue 28

The InnovSive School: Putting CdmRuters Tb GQOd Use

COMPUTEI's

$2.95

October 1985 ©

Issue 28, Vol. 3, No. 10

02220 $3.75 Canada

FOR COMMODORE PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS

X BASIC:

Add 33 enhanced BASIC commands to your 64
with the program in this issue

Gradebook

A fast, full-featured
organizational tool for . .
teachers. Both a database
and a spreadsheet.
For the 64.

C: Language
Of The Future?

Fast and flexible, C is

emerging as a popular
applications programming
language.

Picking The
Right Printer

There are dozens of i
excellent printers available.
Here's how to decide
which one's best for you.
(And how to set it up when
you get it home.)

Also In This Issue:

Hints & Tips:
Problem Solvers

Simple Answers To
Common Questions

Software Reviews

And More

^r

f

mil

■7U86"C '^20'

1 0

Turnabout

"^r-

Offense or defense? Everyone plays this unique
64 strategy game a little differently.

With Commodore 128's instead of Apple lie's,
these kids would be on computers

instead of in line.

Meet the Commodore 128.'" The
new personal computer that's al-
ready destined to be at the head
of Its class. It not only outsmarts
the Apple" lie in price, it comes
out way ahead in performance.

A lower price is welcome
news to any tight school budget.
But it's not the only way the 128
saves you money You only need
to buy one external disk drive to
network eight Commodore 128's
from a teacher's desk. The
Apple lie has a built-in disk drive.

That adds a built-in extra cost for
a feature your classroom doesn't
really need. There's even more to
the Commodore 128 fhan being
able to put more students on com-
puters for less money

There's more Intelligence.

As your students grow smarter,
so does the Commodore 128. It's a
computer they'll find more useful
because it's capable of expanding
from 128K to 51 2K memory The
Apple lie doesn't expand, making

It less versatile, it also doesn't
hove the Commodore I28's ex-
panded keyboard that offers
more commands for easier pro-
gramming and more varied
use of graphics and text. Or o
numeric keypad that's o real
necessity when using a computer
in math or science classes.

More software.

The Commodore 128 Is one
new personal computer you
won't have to wait for software

You communicate - and the story
responds-inM sentences. Which
means that at every turn, you m
have litei^y thousands of alter- '• ' '
natives. So if you decide it might
be wise, for instance , to wTap
a towel around youi' head , you
just say so:

>WRAP THE TOWEL AROUND MY HEAD

And the stoiy responds:

THE RAUENOUS BUGBLATTER BEAST OF TRAAL
IS COMPLETELY BEWILDERED. IT IS SO DIM
IT THINKS IF YOU LAN 'T SEE I Tt IT CAN 'T
SEE YGU,

But be careM about what you say. Or one
moment you might be strapped down, forced
to endm-e a reading of the thiitl woi-st poetiy in the
galaxy; the next you could be hurtling thitiugh
space with Marvin the Pai-anoid Ancboid aboai'd
a stolen spaceship.

And simply staying alive from one zany
situation to the next will requii'e eveiy proton
of puzzle sohing prowess youi' mere moital mind
can muster. Even simple tasks can put you at
wit's end:

>OPEN THE DUUR
And the story responds:

THE DOOR EXPLAINS; IN A HAUGHTY
TONE. THAT THE ROOM IS OCCUPIED BY A
SUPER- INTFLL I GENT ROBOT AND THAT
LESSER 6E tNGS ( BY WHICH I T MEANS YOU)
ARE NOT TO BE ADM I I TED. "SHOW ME SOME
1 INV EXAMPLE OF YOUR INTELLIGENCE."
IT SAYSt "AND MAYBEt JUST MAYBE I MIGHT
RECONSIDER,"

5URCK}SS

i-.rF^ffas-

Other interactive science fiction stories fi-om Infocom include
PLAN'ETFALL." in w hi chyouVe stranded on a nivsterious deserted
world. STARCROSS," a puzzling clialleiige issued eons ago and light-
vears awav. SUSPEXUKD," the race to stabilize an entire planet ,«
life support systems. And A .Mi.VI) FOREVER VOYAGING. "
a radically new work of serious science fiction in which you explore
the future of mankind.

But don't panic. You'll be accompanied
eveiy light-yeai' of the way by youi' tmsty

HitchWkei''s Guide, which you can always
depend onforup-to-the-nanosecond
infonnation. Well, almost always:

>CUNBULT THE HITCHHIKER 'B GUIDE
ABOUT THE MOLECULAR HYPERWAUE
PINCER

And the storj^ responds:

SORRY* THAT PORT ION OF OUR SUB -ETHA
DATABASE WAS ACCIDENTALLY DELETED LAST
NIGHT DURING A WILD OFFICE PARI Y-

So put do^vn that beer, take that towel off youi'
head, open the door, hitchhilffi down to youi' local
softw^ai'e store today and pick up THE HITCH-
HIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY Before they
put that bypass in.

Still not cominced? Tty oui' Sampler Disk
which includes portions of four different types of
stories for a paltiy $7.95. If it doesn't get you
hooked on the addictive pleasm*es of Infocom,
retuin it for a full reftind. If it does, you can apply
the price towafd any Infocom stoiy. You can't lose!

mpocoiiv

For more information call 1-800-262-6868.
Or write to us at 12o CainbridgePark Dr. ,
Cambridge, MA 02140.

e)9«5 Infomill.THEHtTCHHIKER'SCt.'lDETOTHECAUXT illlridtliutkof JMuglM AdMU.
PLA.IETrALL.STAllCIWiaS. SUSPENDED ind A MtSD rOREVEBVOVAOISOU* Inttmjlkt of Infofm.

^

Calc Result cut 10 years
out of the mortgage time

for my Iioii<R;e'!

says Tony Muscarella.

^^^^^^^^ Tony is a CPA, and works in Windsor Locks, CT.
■ '"^ rnKKKK^^^M Tony bought his Calc Result two years ago.

He was looking for a spread sheet program for the Commodore and found Calc Result.

7 think Calc Result is the best spread sheet on the market. It is very easy to use and logically
built up. I have found the capacity I need in the program, and you can understand I have some de-
mands, as I am an accountant. I did not believe that a honiecomputer equipped with Calc Result
could be so powerful,

I use the program for business as well as at home. The most frequent business use is loan amor-
tization. With Calc Result it is a lot faster to see the status of a loan, and also how a change in the
amortization wilt affect the payment time.

Calc Result showed me how a slight increase of 10—20 dollars per month on the house amorti-
zation could cut 10 years out of the amortization period for my house. Incrediblel

Calc Result is a program that is very easy to use, and very powerful. I can really recommend it. "

if you want some more information about Calc Result or any of Handle's products for Commodore
64, send in the coupon or call.

Calc Result is available in two versions, the Advanced version with 32 pages (discdrive required),
or the Easy version (cartridge-based). Order either of the programs NOW, and we will
include the ^^.^ book Applied Calc Result (value $ 14.95) for free.

^^ software inc. ^^^

software inc.

Sweden's leading software maker.

Yes, I want to save time and money. Please rusfi me:

DCalc Result Advanced $ 79.95

n Calc Result Easy S 49.9.5 and include the book Ap[)lied

Calc Result FRHE. N.J. re.sicient.s add 6'Vi sales tax.)
n Payment enclosed (check or money order)
□ VISA D Master Card D .American Express

Acct.no. .

. Exp. date .

. Sij^nature .

n Yes, please send me your catalogue FREE.

Name.

Address .
City

-State.

.Zip.

Hanctic SoftwarL-. inc. '100 Pater.son Plank Rtl. Carlstadt, N.J. 07072
Tot) (ret-' nuiulR-r 1-800-5:^-0484

\

mmTm:

©@ffiiil©[fDl^s

October 1985 Vol. 3, No. 10

features

The Innovative School: Putting Computers to Good Use

Commodore in Education

Picking the Right Printer Charles Brannon

C: Language of the Future? Charles Brannon

Selby Bateman

22

27

30

101

reviews

The Evetyn Wood Dynamic Roader Neil Randall

PROMAL Tom Emerson

The Argos Expedition Nell Randall

Know Vour Own IQjKnow Your Own Personality Dan Gutman

Donald Duck's Playground C. Regena

Also Worth Noting

70
71
72
73
73
93

games

The Farm Game Daniel M. Seurer

Turnabout Mark Tuttte and Kevin Mykytyn
Atom Shoot George F. Clement

44 64/V/+4/16

50 64

52 64/V/+4/16

education/home applications

Gradebook Stephen Levy and Kevin Myi<ytyn

Computing for Families: In Search of the Computer Sandbox, Part 2 Fred D'ignazio

65 64
110 *

programming

Power BASIC: USR Joystick Reader Tim Gerchmez

X BASIC Kevin Martin

Automatic Syntax Checker Philip I. Nelson

Kaieidoscope Sam Bowne

BASiC iVlagic: Taking Center Stage w/ith Screen Titles Michael $. Tomczyk . . .

Hints & Tips: Probiem Solvers

Machine Language for Beginners: The Creature in its Cage Richard Mansfield

94 64/V

96 64

104 64

107 64/V/+4/16

108 64/V/+4/16
113 64/V/+4/16
116 64/V

departments

Richard Mansfield .
Editors and Readers

The Editor's Notes
Gazette Feedback

User Group Update

Simple Answers to Common Questions Tom R. HalfhitI
Horizons: The Operating System Charles Brannon . . . .

. 6

10

40

111

112

program listings

How to Type In COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs

Automatic Proofreader

MLX: Machine Language Entry Program

Product IVIart . . .
Advertisers Index

120 *

121 *

122 64

199
160

*- General, V=VIC-20, 64= Commodore 64, +4= Plus/4, 16= Commodore 16, 128= Commodore 128

COMPUTEI's GAZETTE ii published monlhly by COMPUTH Publlcationl, Inc., Post OffiCf Bon 5406, GriTiisboro, NC 2?4C13 USA, Phonf: (919) 275-9809, Uduonal olfieti Jii; locjied
»l 324 W«t Wcndctver Avtnui', Crcensboro, NC 2740B. Dom^Eic SubKriptions; 12 issuer. 524- StntJ i.ubsrriplic)n nrdL^r^ or change of address {P.O. Form 3579) to CiiculjtKin Dept,,
COMPUTH'i GAZETTE, PO. l^o^ 10957. Dirs Moint^s, I A 50340. Second cb ^5 jpplirj lion f^'nthtlg ji Crct^rnboro, N'C 27403 dndaddlHottdl mailiti^ officers. Enttrvtonif nit, copyright
lOlflt^ bv COMWJIII PuWieati.m!.. Inc All ilKhls irwnrd, ISSN 07J7.,171fi U|t

COMMTn PubllCiitlDnt, Inc. One ot the ABIT Publlihing Csmpinin: ABC Publithing, Ptnldenl. Rabcn C. Button; 13J0 Aicnuir of the Ainiiicji. N'm Vork. Ntw fmk lOUIV,

^{\\tm\

\j\}(qM

The Commodore 64, first intro-
duced in 1982, went on to be-
come the world's most popular
computer. Now, nearly four
years later, a new generation of
computers is just arriving at the
retail stores. What will this
mean to the millions of 64
owners?

There's been a great deal of
excitement recently over Com-
modore's new Amiga computer.
It has extraordinary graphics
and sound capabilities, great
speed, multitasking, a large
memory, and sophisticated op-
erating systems and language
support. Will this new machine
eclipse the best-selling com-
puter of all time? Will Commo-
dore continue to support the 64,
or turn it into an "orphan?"

Commodore will not re-
lease sales figures, but the 64 ad
campaign shows no signs of
slowing down, and reliable in-
dustry insiders observe that
sales of the 64 and associated
software and peripherals contin-
ue to be strong. Commodore has
officially stated that it will con-
tinue to sell the 64 and continue
to support it with software and
replacement parts.

Other personal computers
have withered relatively quickly
after the introduction of a
strong, new-generation chal-
lenge. The original Commodore
PET computer, for example, was
relegated to obscurity by the in-
troduction of the VIC and later
the 64, It is now nearly impossi-
ble to find software, magazine
articles, or books for the PET.

6 COMPUTED Gazette October 19B5

However, this phenome-
non is dependent on scale; A
large base of owners gives a ma-
chine impetus. The VIC, of
course, is still covered in this
magazine and others, and is still
supported by books and soft-
ware. Sales of the VIC continue
overseas. What is true of the VIC
is even more true of the 64. With
an estimated installed base of
over three million, the 64 will
continue to be supported, re-
gardless of the market per-
formance of the new Amiga.

This support will, of course,
also continue in the GAZETTE
and in COMPUTE! Books. We
will continue to bring you the
best utilities, the most exciting
games, the most informative
columns, and fullest coverage of
the 64 available. In this issue, "X
BASIC" will greatly expand
your 64's BASIC. It adds 33
commands that make program-
ming graphics and sound much
easier. If you're a teacher, you'll
doubtless find many uses for
"Gradebook," a powerful orga-
nizational tool for teachers. It's
fast, flexible, and has many fea-
tures usually found only in
spreadsheets and databases.

Also, there are three excel-
lent games: "The Farm Game,"
"Turnabout," and "Atom
Shoot." There are versions of
"Farm" and "Atom" for four
different computers — -64, VIC,
Plus/4, and Commodore 16.

Upcoming issues will in-
clude a short and extremely
powerful assembler; "Preview-
80," a SpeedScript enhancement
program which lets you see on
screen exactly what your docu-
ment will look like when print-
ed; "Backgammon" and "Power
Poker," full simulations of the
popular traditional games; use-
ful disk utilities, and much
more.

Commodore expects sales
of the 64 to continue to be strong
and COMPUTE! Publications
will continue its coverage of this
computer. Although the Amiga
is an extraordinary computer, it
cannot collapse the huge audi-
ence of 64 owners. The 64 is,
after all, the most popular com-
puter ever.

Senior Editor

SYLVIA PORTETS
PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNER

DOES MORE THAN
MANAGE YOUR MONEY

IT PLANS YOUR FINANOU HHURE TOO

Sylvia Porter, and the editors of Sylvia Porter's Persona! Finance Magazine, now combine witii all the computer tools
you'll ever need to help manage your money on a day-to-day basis and plan your financial future, too. in Syivia Porter's

style, without complicated financial jargon or "computerese".

Volume 1

Your Personal Financial Planner:

Helps you track your day-to-
day financial data, then com-
bines this information with your
future financial objectives to
produce the most comprehen-
sive and easily-understood finan
cial planning program available.

For Your Doy-to-Day
Affairs:

• Maintains your electronic check-
book and credit card system.

• Writes your checks and balances
your checkbook. (We even built in a
calculator and memo pad for you.)

• Prepares and monitors your budget.

• Classifies and tracks your taxable
income and expenses.

• Calculates your net worth and gener-
ates customized personal financial
statements.

• Tracks your financial assets - and your
insurance policies.

• Graphically generates supplemental data,
such as percentages, ratios and charts.

• You get bur Toil-Free Hotline and our Cus-
tomer Technical Support Team at no charge.

• You get Timev^^orks' Money Back Guarantee
(Details in each package.)

For Your Financial Future:

• You'll be led step-by-step through a
series of questions regarding your life
and lifestyle, your financial goals, and
your current financial condition. Your
answers will enable a cortiputer
to determine and print a summary
of the amounts you must save each
year to meet your financial
objectives • in both real and inflated
dollars.
• Helps you plan for protection
against major medical adversities
and other financial setbacks.
Each program interfaces with
others in this series. Your
information can be
incorporated into letters and
reports produced by
Timeworks' Word Writer.
• Everything is integrated. You
need to enter data only
once.

Available for Apple, IBM
and Commodore computers.

Moderately Priced - from your
favorite Dealer or contact
Timeworks for the Dealer closest to you.

Next in this integrated series:

Youf Personal Investment Manager.

Other Timeworks Programs: The Evelyn Wood
Dynamic Reader- Word Writer with Spell
Checker Data Manager 2 ■ SwiftCalc with
Sideways ■ Business Systems ■■ Swiftax
Cave of the Word Wizard- Vtell Street

^.^^

More power for your dollar.

TIMEWORKS, INC., 444 Lake Cook Rd., Deertield, IL 60015, 312-948-9200

t- ^964 Sylvia Potter's P$r$or>^ Finance K^igaiine Co. k TimoMirtiis, Inc. All fi^1$ res«^ed

COMPUTE! Publications Jnc, ®

Publisher James Casella

Editor In Chref Robert C, Lock

Director of Administration Alice S. Wolfe

Senior Editor Richard Mansfield

Managing Editor Kathleen Martinek

Editor Lance Elko

Assistant Editor Todd Heimarck

Production Director Tony Roberts

Address all advertising materials to;

Patti Stokes, COMPUTER'S GAZETTE

324 West Wendover Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27408

Sales Offices, The Tiiompson Company

Editors

Tom R. Halfhill, Editor, COMPUTE! Magazine; Stephen Levy,

Editor, COMPUTE! Books Division; Gail Cowper, Production

Editor; Ottis R. Cowper, Technical Editor; Charles Brannon,

Program Editor; Selby Bateman, Features Editor

Assistant Editors

Gregg Keizer, J. Blake Lambert (Books); John Krause, George

Miller, (Technical); Philip Nelson (COMPUTE! Magazine); Kathy

Yakal, Feature Writer; Mark Tuttle, Submissions Reviewer

Editorial Programmers

Patrick Parrish (Supervisor), Tim Victor, Kevin Mykytyn, Kevin

Martin

Programming Assistant

David Florance

Copy Editors

Joan Rouleau, Ann Davics

Administrative Staff

Susan Young, Laura MacFadden, Julia Fleming, Iris Brooks, Jan

Kretlow

Production

Irma Swain, Production Manager; Janice Fary, Art 4: Design

Director, Lee Noel, Assistant Editor, Art & Design; De Potter,

Mechanical Art Supervisor; Terrv Cash, Carole Dunton, Typesetting

ArUets

Dabney Ketrow (Publications), Debbie Bray (Books); Harry Blair,

Illustrator

Associate Editors

Jim Butterfield (Toronto), Harvey Herman (Greensboro),
Fred DTgnazio (Roanoke)

Customer Service

Philippa King, Customer Service Manager; Gail Jones, Dealer
Sales Supervisor; Judy Taylor, Customer Service Supervisor;
Dealer Sales Staff: Rhonda Savage, Debi Goforth, Liz
Krusenstjerna; Customer Service Staff: Betty Atkins, Gayle
Benbow, Mary Hunt, Jenna Nash, Chris Patty

Lonnie Arden, Warehouse Manager; Staff: Howard Ayers, Steve
Bowman, David Hensley, Larry O'Connor

Data Processing

Leon Stokes, Manager; Chris Cain, Assistant

Accounting

Paul J. Megliola, VP, Finance & Planning; R. Steven Vetter,

Director, Fmance & Planning; Robert Bean, General Accountant;

Karen K. Rogalski, Financial Analyst; Staff; Dale Branch, Jill Pope

Credit

Barry L. Beck, Credit Manager; Staff: Sybil Agee, Anne Ferguson, Pat

Fuller, Doris Hall, Linda Miller, Mary Waddell, Jane Wiggs

Purcliasing

Gregorj' L. Smith, Purchasing Manager

Promotion

Caroline Dark, Promotion Assistant
Advertising Sales

Ken Woodard, Director of Advertising Sales; Patti Stokes, Production

Coordinator; Kathleen Hanlon, Administrative Assistant

Sales Representatives

Jerrv Thompson 415-348-8222

Ed Wincheil 213-378-8361

Harry Blair 919-275-9809

Jules E. Thompson, Inc.

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COMPUTEI'M GAisne

COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., publishes
COMPUTEI COMPUTEl flookt

Corporate Offlce:

324 West Wendover Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27408
Mailing Address;

Post Office Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403
Distritiutlon Center

500-A Radar Road, Greensboro, NC 27419

Telephone: 919-275-9809

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President Robert C. Burton

Vice President, Finance & Planning Paul J. Megliola

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el ClrcalittoDi

Subscription Information

COMPUTEI's GAZETTE Circulation Dept.
P.O. Box 540G, Greensboro, HC 27403

TOLL FREE

Subscription Order Line

800-334-0868

In NC 919-275-9809

COMPUTEi's GAZETTE
Subscription Rates

(12 Issue Year): US (one ;^ear) $24. Canada, Mexico and Foreign
Surface Mail S30. Foreign Air Mail $65.

The coMPL'TEls GAZETTE subscriber list is made available to carefullv
screened organizations with a product or service which may be of
interest to our readers. If you prefer not to receive such mailings,
please send an exact copy of your subscription label to: coMPUTlii't
GAZETTE, P.O. Box 10957, Des Moines, lA 50340. Include a note in-
dicating your preference to receive only your subscription.

Authors of manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to
COMPUTERS CAZETTi; are original materials with full ownership rights
resident in said authors. By submitting articles to compltteis gazette,
authors acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for
publication, become the exclusive property of COMI'WTEI Publica-
tions, Inc. No portion of this magazine may be reproduced in any
form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents
copyright © 1985, COMPUTEI Publications, Inc. Rights to programs
developed and submitted by authors are explained in our author
contract. Unsolicited materials not accepted for publication will be
returned if author provides a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Where programs are included in an article submission, a tape or disk
must accompany the submission. Printed listings are optional, but
helpful. Articles should be furnished as typed copy (upper and
lowercase, please) with double spacing. Each article page should bear
the title of the article, date, and name of the author. COMPUTEI
Publications, Inc., assumes no liability for errors in articles or
advertisements, Opinions expressed by .Tiithors are not necessarily
those of COMPUTEI Publications, Inc. COMPUTEI Pubhcations as-
sumes no responsibility for damages, delays, or failure of shipment in
connection with authors' offer to make tape or disk copies of pro-
grams published herein.

PET, CBM, VIC-20, and Commodore 64 are trademarks of Commo-
dore Business Machines, Inc., and/or Commodore Electronics Limited.
Other than as an independent supplier of qualitj' information and
services to owners anci users of Commodore products, COMPUTEI
Publications, Inc., is in no way associated witti Commodore Business
Machines, Inc., or any of its subsidiaries.

B COMPUTEI's GazBttB October 1985

"If you know BASIC and want to learn
macMne language, this is tlie place to start
.... Building on your experience as a
BASIC programmer, Mansfield very gently
takes you tlirougli the fundamentals of
macliine language."

— Whole Earth Software Catalog

COMPUTE! Books'

Best-selling Machine Language Books

"Understandable" — The BTew York Times

"Preaents the machine language novice with a very
good tutorial in simple, understandable terms."

— Antic

"I Hlgbly recommend Machine Language for Begin-
ners as your first Introduction to the world of
machine language." — Commodore Power /Play

The LADS Disk

LADS, the assembler used In The Second Book of
Machine Language, is available on disk for only $12,95.
This is a great accompaniment to the book, saving you
hours of typing time by providing the complete source
and object programs for ail versions of the assembler,
and more. And LADS disks are specific to your Apple,
Atari, or Commodore computers.

Machine Language
for Beginners

(Richard Monsfleld
Most commercial software Is
written in machine longuag© be-
cause it's far faster and more
versatile than BASIC, Machine
Language for Beginners is a
step-by-step introduction. In-
cludes a simple ossembler, a
disossembler, and utilities, to
help beginners write programs
more quickly and Boslly,
S 14.95
ISBN M42386-1 1-6

Machine Language for Beginners and The Second Book of Machine Language:
everything you need to learn machine language programming
on your Apple. Atari, and Commodore personal computers.

The Second Book of
fv^achlne Language

Richord Mansfield
Tti© follow-up to the best-selling
Machine Language tor Begin-
ners, this book leads the pro-
grammer deeper Into the most
powerful and efficient program-
ming techniques avalloble for
personal computers. Fully tu-
torlol, with easy step-by-step
explonotlons, the book shows
how to construct significant,
effective machine languog©
programs. Included Is a high-
speed, professional-quality, la-
bel-based assembler, E\/erythlng
that's needed for optimized
programming on the Com-
modore 6d, Apple. Atori, VIC-20,
and PET/CBM computers.
$14.95

ISBN 0-942386-53-1

To Order: Call Toll Free 800-334-0868 (in NC 919-275-9809) or moll this coupon with your pay-
ment to COMPUTE! Booi<s. P.O. Box 5058, Greensboro, NC 27403,

The Second Book of Machine Language, $14.95

— Machine Language for Beginners, $14.95

_ LADS Disk (Apple) $ 1 2.95

_ LADS Disk (Man) $12.95

LADS Disk (Ccmmodore). $ 1 2.95

D Payment Enclosed (check
D Charge D MasterCard

Ar-r-t Nri

or money order)
D Visa n American Express

Slfjr^q+i If A

hJnmp

Aflirlrof?

City

Rtntn

7\o

1 Book for

2 Books for
LADS Disk for

SI 4.95
S 25,00
$12,95

NC residents add
4.6% soles tox

Shipping and handling
(S2,00 per book
$1,00 per disk)

Total Paid

All orders must be prepoid.
Piecse oSow 4-6 wi&eki for ii&ltvety.

COMPUTE! i;^ublications,lnc.^

75A5112

Editors and Readers

Do you have a question or a problem?
Have you discovered something that
could help other Commodore users?
Do you have a comment about some-
thing you've read in computei's ga-
zette? We want to hear from you.
Write to Gazette Feedback, cOMi'UTEi's
GAZETTE, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro,
NC 27403. We regret that due to the
volume of mail received, we cannot
respond individually to programming
questions.

Safety Saves

The "MLX" program allows you to type
part of a machine language program,
save it to disk, and return later to com-
plete it by listing the new line. Are there
any commands available to do this with
BASIC programs?

An eel W. Norris

It's a good idea to pefiodkall]/ save a copy
of a program you're working on, whether
it's in BASIC or machine language. Com-
puter memory is active only as long as the
power IS on. If the power were to fail, even
for a brief moment, you would lose every-
thing you had typed since the last save.
Some people make a safety save every len
minutes, while others may wait half an
hour.

The "MLX" program does two thitigs
when you type SHIFTS to save. First, it
takes the progratn name you've chosen
and tries to scratch a program by that
name from the disk (if there's no program
under titat name, nothing happens). Then
it saves the new copy of the program.

The reason for scratching first is that
the disk drive does not allow you to save a
program if there's another program with
the same name already on the disk. If a
disk contained two programs named "ad-
venture" and you tried to LOAD"0:
ADVENTURE", 3 the disk drive
wouldn't know which program you
wanted.

So if you're accustomed to using tlie
satne name for partially typed MLX pro-
grams, you'll liave problems saving unfin-
ished BASIC programs. You could scratch
the earlier version before saving, or jtist
number the different versions of a pro-
gram: ADVl, ADV2, ADV3, and so on.
When you've finished, use the question
mark wild card to scratch all of the earlier

10 COMPUTEI'S Gazette October 19B5

versions fOPEN 15,8,15, "S0:ADV7"
tvill scratch all programs with a four letter
name beginning with the letters "ADV").
But make sure you don't scratch the final
version—give it another name or save a
copy to another disk.

foystick Rapid Fire

Several months ago, "Gazette Feed-
back" said POKE 650,128 makes keys
repeat when they're held down. Is there
a POKE to give rapid fire for the
joystick?

Brian Patz

The fire button i$ an electrical switch. As
long as you hold down tlte button, the cir-
cuit is live. So, in a sense, the joystick but-
ton already repeats.

So why do some games make you
press the button again and again to get
rapid fire? Many such programs look first
for the button to be pressed and then take
the appropriate action (a character jumps,
a laser is fired, or whatever). The progratn
then wails for the button to be released.
You would fiave to rewrite parts of the
software to allow a rapid fire effect. It
might also be possible to alter the wiring
of the joystick to cause the button to send
pulses rather than a steady current. A
modification like this would cause the
button to repeat. But there isn't a single
POKE you can enter; you have to change
either the softivare or the joystick.

Unusual Lines

I have two questions about "Dynamic
SID Editor" in the Jure issue. How is it
possible to use just one quote mark in a
PRINT statement (line 50310)? And
what is the purpose of starting a line
with a colon (line 50330}?

Dennis R. Waldron

Quotation marks signal the beginning and
end of a string to be printed, PRINT
"LIKE THIS" for example. The second
quotation mark is required if you want to
add a colon and another command to the
line. But if it's the last item on a line, the
second quote is unnecessary. Tlie com-
puter assumes that the end of aline is also
the end of a print statement. The tech-
nique of leaving off the final quotation
mark is often found in programs for the
unexpanded VIC because it saves one byte
of memory.

Colons, like quotes, are also delimit-
ers; they separate commands on a line.
BASIC automatically throws away extra
spaces bettoeen a line number and the first
command on tlie line. But if a line begins
iviih a colon, you can add as many spaces
as you want. Some programmers like to
indent FOR-NEXJ loops using colons fol-
lowed by spaces because it makes listings
easier to read. You can also put a single
colon on an othenvise blank line or two, to
separate different sections of a program.

Starting A User Group

There are 20-30 Commodore owners in
my area, but no user groups in sight. I
was wondering if you could give me
some tips on starting one.

Mike Scott

All you need to start a user group is sever-
al interested people, someone who is will-
ing to do the initial organizing, and a
place to meet. It sounds like you already
have the first two requirements.

Set a time and place for your first
meeting. It could be at sotneonc's home (if
you think the group will be small enotigh),
a school classroom, the back room of a lo-
cal computer store, or anyplace else that is
available. Advertise the meeting by post-
ing notices in public places — stores, laun-
dromats, restaurants, schools — and try to
get the notice printed in your local news-
paper or announced on a radio station.
Also, some cable TV systems have a public
notice channel for various announcements.

Your first meeting will probably be
spent determitiing the group's interests
and goals. Officers will need to be ap-
pointed or elected. They'll be responsible
for planning and leading future meetings,
and taking care of other administrative
tasks. You cotdd have everyone fill out a
sheet indicating what kind of equipment
they own, what they want from the group,
and also what they feel they could con-
tribute. Suggestions for content of future
meetings is also itnportant.

Each meeting should allow time for
ttvo things: Information for the group
members (software reviews, news from
Conunodore, demonstrations of peripher-
als, tutorials, speakers on topics of inter-
est, etc.); and input and questions from
the group members. Stay in close touch
with the group, and modify the structure
when necessary (breaking off into sub-
groups for special interests, or starting a

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Sojiie user groups arrange for dis-
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Another Way To Quash Question
Marks

In the March issue someone asked
about how to get rid of the question
mark in an INPUT statement. Your sug-
gestion of OPENing a file to the key-
board is one way to do this. Here's
another:

10 POKEig.l

20 INPUT"=>":A9

30 POKE19,0:PRINT:PHINTA?

Location 19 controls whether or
not a question mark is printed. The
PRINT is needed to move the cursor to
the next line. I hope this method is use-
ful to your readers.

Louis M. Rastelli

Thanks for the tip.

Reading Trivia Randomly

How can I READ random items in
DATA statements to make a trivia
program?

Dan Lackey

Reading from DATA statements is se-
quential, which tJieans the computer
starts reading at the beginning and con-
tinues until there are no more DATA
statements. It's possible to reset some
pointers, to jump into the middle of a
group of DATA statements (see "Hints &
Tips" in the September issue for more de-
tails), but there's a much easier way.

First, put all the data into an arra]^.
An array is like a numbered list. You can
then pick a number at random and look up
that item in the array. Here's a simple
trivia program:

10 HEADA5:ll'-A5<>"KNI)"Tin';NT=T+l

20 T=T/2!DIMQ$(T, 1 )

30 REST0RE!F0RJ=1T0T!READQ$(J,

3) ,Q$(J,1) jNEXT
40 R=INT(RND(1)*T+1) !PRINT05(R

,3)
50 FORJ=1TO2500:NKXT
60 PRINTQ5(R, 1) :PRINT!aOT04B

12 COMPUms Gazstta October 1965

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Each DATA statement has one ques-
tion followed by a comma and the answer.
You can add to or change the data as you
like, as long as the last statement contains
an END. Line 10 READs through all the
DATA statements until it finds "END."
Line 20 DlMensions the array according
to hoio many questions and answers were
found in line 10. In line SO the two-
dimensional array is filled with the ques-
tions (QS(!M and answers (QS(J,1)).

Line 40 prints a question, 50 is a de-
lay loop (time enough for someone to call
out an answer), and line 60 prints the an-
swer. Add a scoring routine and some
more questions and you'll have a workable
trivia program.

VIC Expansion

I've been looking for 8K or 16K memory
expansion for my VIC-20. A mail order
company lists them but doesn't have
them in stock. The May GazettI; re-
quires at least 8K for the VIC programs.
Where can I find VIC memory? I don't
want a 64.

Robert Day

We called the toll-free Commodore cus-
tomer support line at 800-247-9000. They
said Commodore has VIC expanders in
stock, and you can order directly from
Commodore in Pennsylvania (or ask your
Commodore dealer to order for you). Also,
some stores still carry 8K and 16K VIC
memory expanders.

One Letter At A Time

I write programs that use a lot of print-
ed messages. In several commercial
programs I have seen messages that are
printed letter by letter, wiiich looks bet-
ter than just having messages appear.
How would I add this feature to a
program?

Kevin Smith

What you're asking for is fairly easy to do
with the MtD$ function and a delay loop.
M!D$ breaks a string into a smaller string.
For example. N$ = "ABCDEFG":
PRINT MID$(N$,2,3) would print
"BCD" because the MID$ function started
at the second position within N$ and con-
tinued for three characters. To pull out in-
dividual characters, use a 1 as the second
number. Here's the subroutine you need:

10 A? =" LETTERS ONE BY 0NE":GOS
UB500

499 END

500 TORJ=1T0LEN(A5) :PRINTMID5(
A$,J,1); :FORK=1TO500:NEXTK
.JlPRINTsRETURN

Whenever you ivant to print a string
one letter at a time, put it into AS and
GOSUB 500. Change the length of the K
loop for longer or shorter delays. If you're
feeling ambitious, you could add a short
sound after you print each letter and a
random length delay loop, to make it
sound like a typewriter.

Adding And Subtracting Line Feeds

1 typed in one of your programs that al-
lovvs you to print out the results. The
problem is that everything prints on the
same line. The paper doesn't advance.
How can I add a line feed instruction?
Joseph O'Kcefc

I own a daisywheel printer. Regardless
of the software I use, I'm unable to print
a spreadsheet or letter without it being
double spaced. Is it possible to suppress
the extra linefeed?

Ronald J. Belanger

The problem of too many or too few line-
feeds is fairly common. To fix it, you'll
have to adjust one of the DIP switches on
your interface. Check the interface man-
ual for the e,\act settings.

Pressing RETURN causes the screen
cursor to move lo the beginning of the next
line down. But the term "carriage return"
for this action originally described the re-
turn of the printer carriage (the part that
does the printing) to the beginning of a
line. Some printers need two instructions:
first return the carriage, then feed the pa-
per one line up. The ASCI! code for a car-
riage rettirn is CHR$(13), ASCII for a
linefeed is CHRSdO). But on other print-
ers, the two actions are combined— a
CHR$(13) causes a carriage return plus a
linefeed.

Because printers use one or the other
method, most interfaces allow you to set
xohether or not a linefeed is added to every
carriage return.

PEEKing The joysticks

I have both a VIC-20 and a 64, and
would like to know how to PEEK the
joystick inside a program,

Patrick Toal

The following statement can be used to
read the value of joystick port 2 on the 64
(for port 1, change'the 56320 to 56321):

J = a5-(PEEK{56320) AND 15)

The values of j can be interpreted as
follows:

0 - nothing

1 - up

2 - down

4 - left

5 - up and left

6 - down and left

8 - right

9 - up and right
10 - down and right

To read the joystick fire button, use

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this expression (for joystick 1, chauge
56320 to 56321):

IF (PEEK{S6320) AND 16)=0 THEN the
fire butten is pressed

The VIC joystick is a little more com-
plicated to read because one of the memo-
ry locations is needed for reading tiie
keyboard. Use the following line to read
the VIC joystick (the values of] will be the
same as above):

POKE 37139,0: POKE 37154,127:
J = 15-((PEEK(37137) AND
28) + (PEEK07152) AND 128)/4)/4i
POKE 37154,255

Use lite foUowing expression to find
out if the fire button is pressed:

IF (PEEK(37137) AND 32) = 0 THEN the
fire button is pressed

The Plus/ 4 and 16 have a built-in
BASIC statement. }OY(n). to read the
joysticks.

Writing Adventure Games

One of my friends is writing a text ad-
venture game like Zork. I would like to
write one of my own, but don't under-
stand how to use random files, Please
explain random files.

Brant Phillips

SAVE and other file handling commands
like WAD, OPEN, PRINT*. INPUTS,
and GET» are high-level commands, be-
cause a single command does a lot of work.
The computer takes care of the details like
reading through memory from the begin-
ning to the end of the program. The disk
drive gets the signals, transfers them to
the disk, puts a new entry in the directory,
and protects the sectors used by the
program.

Random files, on the other hand, are
low-level because you have to do all the
work. They're not even really files, they're
just reading and writing directly to disk.

Let's say you want to create a random
file. First, you would open a memory buff-
er in the disk drive, write to it. and copy
the buffer to a sector on disk. To read it,
open a buffer, copy from disk to the buffer,
and read the buffer.

Now things get complicated. There
will be no entry in the disk directory,
you'll have to remember which track and
sector you used. If you accidentally choose
a sector that's pari of a program file, the
program will be overwritten. If you choose
a safe sector, it may later be scrambled by
a file (because the block has not been allo-
cated). You could use the block-allocate
command (B-A), but it contains a bug. If
you try to allocate a block that's already
allocated, the whole track will be
allocated.

Random files are complicated and
messy. There's no real advantage to using
them in an adventure game. You'd be bet-
ter off with either sequential or relative
files.

14 COMPUTERS Qaiam October 1985

49152— The Magic Number

Why do so many of your machine lan-
guage programs start with SYS 49152?
Isn't it possible to use other areas of
memory or SYSes? When two programs
use the same locations, you can't merge
or append one ML program with anoth-
er to get the maximum use from your
computer.

G. Gorham

There's nothing magic about the number
49152. You can put a machine language
program almost anywhere in memory. But
many machine language (Mi) program-
mers use location 49152 because it's a safe
place to put a program. Vie 4096 bytes of
memory from 49152 to 53247 (hexadeci-
mal SdooO-CFFF) were intended to be a
safe zone; BASIC doesn't use this area for
anything (although many programs on
cartridge use this part of memory). Locat-
ing ML programs here helps ensure that
they won't get in the way of BASIC, and
vice versa.

Another good place for machine lan-
guage is the cassette buffer, located at
828-1019 ($033C-03FB) on both the 64
and the VIC. BASIC uses the cassette buff-
er for temporary storage during tape oper-
ations. At other times, it's just free
memory. However, this area is much
smaller than the one mentiotied above,
and its contents are destroyed whenever
the cassette drive is used.

A third option is to locate a routine
somewhere in the BASIC program space,
which stretches from 2049 to 40959
($O801-$9FFF) on the 64, or 4097-7679
($W01-1DFF) on the unexpanded VIC.
Using part of BASIC memory can be haz-
ardous, though, since BASIC programs
need it for storing variables. If you're
careless, it's easy to crash your computer
by putting ML into locations already used
for something else. Or, you may cause a
crash if you let part of your BASIC pro-
gram (like dynamic strittgs) write over the
machine language.

You can prevent interference by
carving out a protected zone for your ML
program within the BASIC program area.
Locations 55 and 56 hold a two byte point-
er address that tells the computer where
BASIC user RAM ends. By lowering the
value in this pointer, you can keep BASIC
from using any of the locations between
your new top of memory and the "real"
top of memory. Another thing you can do
is move up the bottom of BASIC program
memory by changing the pointers at 43
and 44.

Finally, you can use an advanced
method called bank switching, which lets
you use the RAM memory locations un-
dertieath the BASIC or KERNAL ROM.
Theoretically, you could write a program
for the 64 that uses all 64K of available
memory. The probletn with bank switch-
ing is that since BASIC is turned off, the

program must be written entirely in ma-
chine language.

So ML programmers like to start pro-
grams at 49152 because the cassette buffer
is often too small, BASIC RAM can be haz-
ardous, and batik switching is complex.

Your last comment points up a pe-
rennial problem— where to put ML pro-
grams (especially utilities). The memory at
49152-53247 and 82S-1019 is conven-
ient, so most ML programs are put there.
If both of your favorite utilities start at lo-
cation 49152, however, you probably can't
use them together.

If one of the programs is relocatable,
you may be able to move it to a different
part of memory. It's difficult to make pro-
grams completely relocatable because you
have to avoid two useful instructions:
jMP and ISR (similar to BASIC'S GOTO
and COSUB). And even if you have a re-
locatable program, it may interfere with
the operation of the other program.

Color Nybbles

I think there's something wrong with
the PEEK command. If I enter POKE
1024,2: POKE55296,l, a white "B" ap-
pears in the upper lefthand corner. But
PRINT PEEK(55296) results in 193, 81,
241, or some other numbers. If you
POKE a 1 into color memory, shouldn't
PEEK show that there's a 1 there? Is the
computer defective or am I doing some-
thing wrong?

Austin J. Moe

There are a few cases, including color
memory, where PEEKing doesn't give you
quite the right number. A Commodore 64
has 16 colors, numbered 0-15, so color
memory is wired for only four bits rather
than eight. Four bits, half a byte, is called
a "nybble." When you PEEK color memo-
ry, the low nybble is correct, but the high
nybble will contain random values be-
cause those four bits are not hooked up.

To strip off the top four bits, enter a
modified PEEK: PRINT PEEK(55296J
AND15. The AND function should take
care of your problems.

Another instance where PEEK won't
work IS the SID chip (the chip that creates
sound on the 64). You can't PEEK into the
registers there. The POKEs to make a
sound do not go to regular memory,
they're fed directly into the SID chip.
PEEKing that area yields numbers unre-
lated to the values POKEd there. You
might call it write-only memory.

Moving BASIC Around

I'm writing a 64 program that uses cus-
tom characters, but the program is over-
running the character set. The
Programmer's Reference Guide says the
highest location for the start of a char-
acter set is 14336, but it's still not high
enough in memory. I tried POKE

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56,48:CLR and got an out of memory
error. How can I move the bottom of
BASIC up to 4096 or thereabouts so I
can put the characters at 2048?

Walter Wright

On a 64. BASIC programs fit into memory
beginning at 2049 (the "bottom" of BASIC)
and ending at 40959 (the "top"). Whatever
memory is left over can be used by vari-
ables. It's (^uite possible that your vari-
ables are interfering with the custom
character set.

Om the VIC. 64. Plus/4, and 16, loca-
tions 43-44 point to the botto>n of BASIC,
while 55-36 point to the top. By POKEing
a 48 into location 56 (followed by a CLR,
which is necessary when you lower the
top of memory), you moved the top of
BASIC all the way down to 12288
(48*256), which leaves ot\ly about lOK of
memory for your BASIC program.

It tvould be preferable to leave the
top of BASIC untotiched and move the
bottom up. This litte will do just that:

POKE 44,64: POKE 64*256,0; NEW

Now you can load the custom charac-
ters program: the variables won't interfere
with the character definitions. The begin-
ning of BASIC has been moved to 64*256,
tvhich is 16384. If you prefer to put BASIC
at 4096 (16*256), 'change the 64 to 16 in
the two POKES.

The Save-With-Replace Bug

In your February issue you wrote about
the save-with-replace bug. I too have
come across the problem,

1 was working on a program called
"ESF" when I remembered that I
needed to change something in another
program called "ARTILLERY." So 1
used save-with-replace on the current
copy of "ESF," loaded "ARTILLERY,"
made a change, and saved-with-replace,
Later, 1 tried to load "ESF" but got "AR-
TILLERY" instead. My best guess is
that the program is still there, but I can't
get it off the disk,

Matthew Whiting

The Commodore save-with-replace com-
mand (SAVE "@:filename",8> has been
the focus of controversy for years. Some
experts have steadfastly denied that there
is anything wrong with it.

There was no hard proof of a bug—
until now. The full details will be pub-
lished in an upcoming issue of our sister
magazine, COMPUTE!. Here's a brief
explanation:

Save-with-replace does several
things. First, the new copy is saved (if
there's not enough room on the disk for a
complete copy of the program, you'll have
problems, of course). Each filename in the
directory contains a pointer that indicates
where to find the program, so the directo-
ry is changed to point to the new version
of the replaced program. Finally, the block

ia COMPUTED GazMB October 1985

allocation map (BAM) is updated. Disk
sectors used by the old version are marked
as free, while the sectors occupied by the
new version are marked as allocated. The
routine to update the BAM is where the
bug happens.

In certain situations, the BAM is in-
correctly written back to the disk. Right
after a faulty save-with-replace, the pro-
gram name is in the directory, the pointer
to the program is correct, and the new
version is on the disk. You can load the
program and even verify it. But the blocks
used by the program are not allocated. The
next time you save a program, it may be
put into those blocks, and your previous
(replaced) program is gone and cannot be
recovered. If you load the directory, the
number of blocks used by programs plus
the number of free blocks should total 664.
When the bug happens, the total is often
more than 664.

The roots of the problem go back to
the PET dual drives (drives 0: and 1:), The
disk operating system (DOS) of the 1541, a
single drive, was translated and modified
from the original dual drive DOS. So
there's a sort of "phantom" drive 1 in the
1541. One expert on the Commodore DOS
has said the 1541 spends half its time con-
vincing itself that it's drive zero and not
drive one. Sometimes the 1541 mistakenly
sets aside a buffer for the phantom drive,
ivhich can, under certain circumstances,
lead to the SAVE@ bug.

There are three ways to avoid the
bug, and safely save-ivith-replace. First,
you can validate the disk after every save-
with-replace. This isn't such a good solu-
tion because it often takes more time than
scratching the old version and doing a
regular SAVE.

The second solution is to always use
the "0:" prefix when you itse the disk.
Here are some examples:

LOAD "0;programname",8
LOAD "$0",8
SAVE "0 [program name", 8
OPEN 1S,8,15,"[0"

r^ie third solution is to turn the disk
drive off and then on right before a save-
with-replace. And be sure to include a
zero (SAVE "@0:programname",8J.
Another way to reset the disk drive is to
enter these two lines (they should be on
separate lines, don't put them on a single
line with a colon between them):

OPEN 15,8,15,"UJ0"
CLOSE IS

Seeking Status

Where is the status register located? I
don't mean the I/O status register,

John McNamara

It's deep inside the chip that runs your
computer; it does not have a memory loca-
Hon you can PEEK, although after a ma-
chine language program exits to BASIC,

you can find the most recent value of the
processor status register (P) by PEEKing
783. Individual bits ofP correspond to the
carry, zero, interrupt, decimal, break,
overflow, and negative flags. So, if you
clear the carry flag with CLC, then add
two numbers to get a result that's more
than 156, the carry flag (one of the bits in
P) will be set afterwards, indicating a
number that won't fit into eight bits (in
decimal, for example, 9+1 = 0, with a
carry of 1). Most machine layiguage in-
structions directly affect the A, X. and Y
registers, and many will also set or clear
individual flags in P.

It's sometimes necessary to preserve
the processor status during a subroutine
or interrupt, so there are instructions to
push it on the stack (PHP) and pull it off
the stack (PLP). If you'd like to read the
status register, use PHP followed by PIA
(push P on the stack, and pull the number
back into the Accumulator).

Opening Multiple Files

We're trying to write a farm manage-
ment program for our sow herd. In order
to run the program efficiently, we have
to be able to have two files open at
once. After a lot of research, we still
don't know how to do this. Can vou
help?

Delle deSwart

Theoretically, up to ten different files can
be open at the same time. But there are
certain rules to follow, and there are
limits.

With the exception of relative disk
files, once a file is open, you can read or
write, but not both. In addition, certain
devices have one-way communication —
you can only read from the keyboard, and
you can only write to a printer. If you
owned two cassette drives, you could read
from one and write to the other (Cotnmo-
dore PETs had this capability), but there's
only one cassette port on the VIC, 64,
Plus/4, and 16. So you can only talk (read
or write, but not both) to one cassette file
at a time.

You can communicate with more
than one disk file, though, as long as you
open them with different logical file num-
bers and different channels. So you could
OPEN 3,B,5, "0:FIRSTFILE,S,R" and
OPEN 5,8,9, "0:OTHERFILE,S,W" to
read (INPUT=!:5 or GET^3) from file 3 on
disk channel 5 and write (PRINT~5) to file
5 on channel 9.

It's also possible to use more than one
disk drive, as long as they have different
device numbers. The same applies to
printers (the MPS-803, for example, has a
switch on the back for choosing device
number 4 or 5).

Relative disk files are a special case.
You cannot have more than one relative
file open at any one time (although you
can open other types of disk channels).

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Checking A Disk For Free Blocks

How do you find out how many blocks
are left on a disk? Is there a program to
access the disk drive (maybe PEEKs or
POKEs) and then print the number?

David Ross

Here's a short routine you can add to your
program. First, it opens a file to the part of
the directory ($) containing all USR files
named "Z." Because there are probably >w
such files on your disk, the subdirectory
will be empty, containing only the header
(disk name) and the number of blocks free.
(Incidentally, the program jvon't work if
you do have a USR file named "Z.") Next,
the first 34 bytes are thrown away, which
leaves the answer in low-byte /high-byte
format. In line 50, the number of blocks
free (variable BF) is printed.

10 OPENl, 8,0, "50:2 = 11"

20 F0RJ=1T035:GET#1,X$:NEXT

30 GET*1,Y5:CL0SE1

40 BF=ASC{X$+CHRS(0) )+256*ASC(

Y$+CHR5(0) )
50 PRINT BF "BLOCKS FREE"

Animating Sprites

How cnn you make a sprite that has
moving parts — a sprite person that
walks along with legs that move, for
example?

Geoff Hill

Once you've defined a sprite shape, and
POKEd the information into memory, you
have to tell the computer where in mem-
ory it can find the shape. The sprite shape
pointers are located at 2040-2047
(corresponding to sprites 0-7). The num-
ber in 2040. times 64, is the beginning of
the shape for sprite 0. for example.

To create an animated sprite, you'll
have to design two or more shapes for that
single sprite. A walking sprite might need
four shapes: Dfeet together on the ground,
2) one fool forward in the air, 3) feet apart,
both on the ground, and 4) one foot be-
hind, in the air.

You could put these four shapes ijtto
26128, 16192. 16256, and 16320 (each
sprite shape needs 63 bytes). These num-
bers divided by 64 are 252, 253, 254, and
255. To give sprite 0 the first shape,
POKE 2040,252. To give it the last shape,
POKE 2040,255. With a single POKE to
the sprite pointer, the lohole shape of the
sprite changes. Cycling through the dif-
ferent shapes would make it look like the
sprite is walking in place. If you then
gradually increase the X-coordinate, it
XL'outd seem lo be walking across the
screen.

Can You Rearrange A Directory?

1 would like to change the order of pro-
gram and filenames in some of my disk
20 COMPUTEI's Gazgne October 1985

directories. Is this possible? Or will I
have to copy the files onto a new disk in
the desired order?

David Voelker

// you scratch a program from disk and
then save a different program, the neiv
program shows up in the saine place in the
directory as the program that was
scratched. So you could load a program,
Sfjye it under a different name (to the same
disk), and then scratch the original. The
next program or file would go into the
empty slot.

But there's a simpler way— the COPY
command, which makes an exact copy of a
file on the same disk, under a different
name. The syntax is OPE Nl 5,8,15:
PRINT#1S, "C0:newname = O:
oldname": CLOSEIS, Let's say you have a
sequential file and a program on a disk in
this order:

lO-'FlLEl"

23 "PROCRAMV

SEQ
PRG

To switch the order, enter the follow-
ing commands in immediate mode:

0PEN15,8,1S

PRINT#15,"C0rTEMPFILE = OiFILEl"

FRINT#I5,"S0:FILE1"

PRINT#1 5,"C0:TEMPPRG = OrPROGR AMI

PRINT#15,"SO;PROGRAM1"

PRINT#15,"RO:PROGRAM1 = 0:TEMPPRG

PRINT#15,"C0:FILE1 - 0:TEMPFILE"

PRINT#1S,"S0:TEMPFILE"

CLOSEIS

firsf, FILEl is copied (CO:) to a file
called TEMPFILE (in the third spot on tlie
disk). The directory now contains FILEl,
PROCRAMl, and'TEMPFILE, in that or-
der. Scratching FILEl (SO:) leaves a space
open at the beginning. Next, PROCRAMl
is copied to TEMPPRC (which is now in the
first slot). After the second copy, the direc-
tory should took like this:

23 -rEMPPRG" PRG

23 "PROCRAMV PRG

10 "TEMPfHE" SEQ

Now. PROGRAMl is scratched Oeav-
ing the second slot open), TEMPPRC is re-
named (RO:) to PROGRAMl and
TEMPFILE is copied to FILEl. Finally,
TEMPFILE is scratched.

Converting A Number To ASCII

How do 1 convert a numher to ASCII
codes that can be printed? If I have a
byte containing a 65 and try to print it,
won't it appear as an "A"? How can I
make a 65 into the characters "6" and
"5"?

Lonnie De Cloedt

As you've noted, LDA »S41:I5R SFFD2:
RTS will put an "A" on the screen. The
ASCII values for "6" and "5" are 54 and
53 (hex $36 and S35). So the routine you
need will have to PEEK a byte and trans-
late it to one or more ASCII numbers.

Since the number may be anything
from 000 to 255, you'll need to set aside

three memory locations. First, put 4Ss(hex
$30) into the three locations because the
character "0" is ASCII 48. Load the Accu-
mulator with the number to be translated,
and compare it with 1 00 (CMP «S64J, If
the carry is set, the numbe'r is higher than
99, so you can subtract 100 (SEC:SBC
^$64} and increment the first of the three
memory locatioyts (representing the hun-
dreds column). Keep comparing the num-
ber to 100 and subtracting 100 as lotjg as
the carry is set. When the carry is clear,
the number will be in the range 0-99.
Then do the same for the tens column:
compare to ten (CMP #$0A) and if the car-
ry is set, subtract ten and increment the
tens column. When you've gotten to a
number less than 10, you can just add it to
the third memory location. Now print the
three ASCII numbers you've generated.

Not surprisingly, there's a ROM rou-
tine that translates numbers to their
ASCII equivalents and prints them. To
call it, load the Accumulator with the low
byte, load the X register with the high
byte, andJSR SBDCD on a 64 (SDDCD on
a VIC). The number will print wherever
the cursor happens to be.

Peculiar Vectors: A 6502 Bug

Machine language programmers
should exercise caution when using an
indirect jump on the 64.

If the indirect vector crosses a page
boundary, JMP ($10FF) for example,
the low byte of the address will go into
one page {$ 1 OFF) and the high byte into
the beginning of the next page (SHOO).
The JMP instruction, however, will take
the low byte from $ 1 OFF, and the high
byte from $1000 and not $1100, as it
should.

In the three books I've read on the
6502, 1 have never seen this mentioned,
and I thought your readers would ap-
preciate this information.

Kernie E. Houser

This bug in the 6502 and 6510 chip affects
not only the 64, but the VIC, Atari, Apple
II, and any other computer built around
that family of chips.

Because of this tjuirk of the 6502, you
should either avoid indirect jumps alto-
gether or put your vectors in a place that
you knoio is definitely not a page
boundary.

For readers who aren't familiar with
indirect jumps, here's a brief explanation.
An absolute jump is like GOTO in BASIC.
IMP SC200 sends a machine language
program to whatever ML program is cur-
rently at $C200. An Indirect jump, sig-
nalled by an address In parentheses, does
something different. The instruction JMP
($0330) does not jump to a program at
S0330, it gets an address from S0330-0331
and jumps to that address. So S0330 is a
vector or pointer to another routine, and
an indirect jump bounces off the pointer to
somewhere else in memory. 0

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Putting Computers
To Good Use

Selby Bateman, Features Editor

Computer use in the classroom is entering a second
stage of development. The frustrations experienced
by some school systems are dwindling as more
educators learn new ways to integrate the machines
into the learning process. A growing number of
interested, more experienced administrators, teachers,
and parents are proving that computers in the schools
can be productive, dynamic tools when used properly.

i

V

''W/M

%

I

Dr. Mary Lou Simon lis-
tened to the school super-
intendent's voice at the
other end of the telephone
line. The words were familiar:

I just put 20 computers in two ele-
mentary schools, he said. And I want to
send a couple of my principals to see
how you use computers in your school
system.

Why did you buy them? Dr. Simon
asked.

The superintendent paused, then
said: I want computers in our schools.

But what do you want to do with
them? Dr. Simon asked.

Another pause. Well, said the su-
perintendent, 1 promised parents in
our school system that their children
would be using computers 20 minutes
a day.

Dr. Simon has had plenty of
those telephone conversations in
her position as science and com-
puter coordinator for the South
Brunsvk'ick Schools in New Jersey.
She knows that many well-meaning
educators and administrators in
school systems across the nadon
have been trying to do the right
things with computers; eagerly
launching their new machines only
to see them flounder for lack of di-
rection, trained staff, and realisdc
goals.

Along with other educators.
Dr. Simon has witnessed frustra-
tion among some teachers, parents,
and students as schools attempt to
bring computers to the classroom.
The problems, say these educators,
are almost always the same: too few
computers, or machines poorly al-

24 COMPUTE!' 3 GazettB Oclober 1985

located; software inappropriate to
particular courses; teachers not giv-
en the chance to learn to use the
machines; and planning based on
too litde computer knowledge.

But these complaints are slow-
ly changing as experience grows
and educators are better able to in-
corporate computers into the
curriculum,

"People have just been inter-
ested in throwing in the hardware
with no sense educationally of
what they want to do," says Dr.
Simon. "In getting your goals
straight, it's critical that you spend a
fair amount of time finding out
what computers can do. Based on
that and based on what your school
district's needs are, then set your
goals for the microcomputers."

"The first DO is to have a
plan," adds Dr. Stanton Leggett,
editor of Microcomputers Go to
School: Where and How to Get the
Most from Them (Teach'em, Inc.},
"Don't be enamored of the ma-
chine. Think of it as a useful tool.
The whole educational system is
what you look at; how the com-
puter fits into it. What are the most
likely areas where you can get im-
mediate gradfication for a minimal
amount of money — a cost benefit
analysis."

The most common situation for
many schools in the past has
often been a classic Catch-22 pre-
dicament: To effectively use com-
puters in the classroom requires
sound planning; to initiate sound

planning requires a familiarity with
computers.

"What I've found is that
schools sometimes need to have a
few computers around for a while
in order to make a good choice,"
says Dr. Steve Tipps, West Profes-
sor of Education at Midwestern
State University in Texas and a
leader in training teachers in the
Logo computer language.

In other words, administrators
and teachers can't be expected to
make a plan unless they have some
context in which to make choices.
Now that many teachers and ad-
ministrators have been working
with computers — at least minimal-
ly— for a couple of years, an in-
creasing number of them better
understand what the machines can
do. Consequently, planning and
goal-setting have begun to improve
in many schools using computers as
a part of the teaching process.

In Kentucky's Jefferson County
Public Schools, for example, a long-
range computer acquisition pro-
gram was recently insdtuted when
educators, parents, and business
leaders coordinated their efforts.
Based on their experience with
computers already being used in all
of the high schools and some mid-
dle schools, community leaders in
1984 embarked on a three-year
plan to raise more than four million
dollars to equip all 85 elementary
schools in the Louisville system
with computers. Already, almost a
million and a half dollars have been
raised.

Much of the success of the pro-
gram, both in terms of community
support and school system coordi-
nation, stemmed from an earlier
$150,000 pilot project funded by
Louisville-based Humana, Inc., a
major health-care corporation. The
donation allowed the school system
to equip Roosevelt-Perry Elemen-
tary School with 75 computers. The
benefits of that project are already
being felt as students begin to
transfer computer skills to writing,
language arts, social studies, and
math instruction, says Jay Beck,
principal of Roosevelt- Perry.

Beck is convinced that the in-
troduction of computers has made a
major difference in the learning
process: "The computer is here to
stay. It is not a fad. Understanding
computers and how they work for

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us is basic. We need to teach our
students the new communication
skills. We must augment the three
Rs with the three Cs — computing,
calculating, and communicating
through technology. Students must
possess technological literacy. The
answer is the computer."

A notherarea of common concern
as computers increasingly en-
ter the classroom has been how
well teachers are able to understand
and use the machines.

"For computers to be valuable,
teachers must be trained," says Pat
Walkington, formerly a teacher for
ten years and now manager of edu-
cation marketing for Commodore
Business Machines. "Teacher train-
ing is absolutely the key." (See
"Commodore in Education," also
in this issue.)

Assisting teachers to under-
stand and get the most from their
computers is a cornerstone of Com-
modore's efforts in the schools na-
tionally, says Walkington.

"The burden of change is on
the teacher," agrees Leggett, "and
the teacher is already overloaded.
The teacher can't stop and drop
everything and pick up a computer
to learn how to use it. We're expect-
ing too much from teachers." But
he's convinced that, with the right
approach, teachers not only can be-
come more knowledgeable about
computer use, but they can also be-
come enthusiastic about it.

At its worst, says Midwestern
State's Steve Tipps, a teacher's in-
troduction to computers in educa-
tion has in the past been the arrival
of a boxful of computer equip-
ment—no instruction and no pre-
determined goals. That, too, is
changing.

"Teachers have to get together
and ask what goals they're going
toward with the computers," he
says, "Are we going toward the
computer as a problem-solving
tool, an applications tool, an in-
structional system, computer-aided
instruction?"

Teacher support groups, much
like computer user groups, have be-
gun to spring up in various locales,
notes Tipps. The Texas Educational
Association has even established a
telecommunications network, but
teacher use of modems is still quite
limited.

26 COMPurera QaneM Octobw 1985

For computers to

be valuable,
teachers must be
trained. Teacher

training is

absolutely the

key."

"The important thing to realize
is that many teachers have been out
of college a good many years," says
Mary Lou Simon. "Computers are
brand new. We might as well be in-
tegrating Russian into the school. It
takes time for teachers to learn
something they know nothing
about. The mistake that a lot of dis-
tricts make is they think they can
give their teachers a day of training
and they'll come back and be
experts."

In Jefferson County, Colorado,
the school system has adopted an
effective approach through its cen-
tral office, says Tipps. A computer
support group — composed of four
teachers on leave from the class-
room— work with other teachers to
carry out in-service computer train-
ing, curriculum development, and

related support of computer activi-
ties. The results, in terms of morale
and productivity, have been
impressive.

How can educators, parents, and
students help to make sure
that computers are used effectively
in the classroom? Based on inter-
views with innovative educators
and computer education specialists,
here's a checklist of DO's and
DON'T's for your school system:

• Start with specific goals, fol-
lowed by step-by-step planning:

Set realistic goals before you begin
acquiring hardware and software,
and certainly before asking teachers
to incorporate the machines into
daily use,

• Teacher training: Hands-on
in-service training for teachers is a
must; teacher support groups also
help teachers dealing with similar
subject areas to find out what to do.

• Access/scheduling: This is a
challenging management problem
when too many students and teach-
ers are chasing too few computers.
Computer literacy classes — no;
computers in the regular curricu-
lum— yes. Computers should be
supplementing and complementing
the curriculum, not disrupting it.

• Developing support: From
raising funds for hardware and soft-
ware to raising the computer con-
sciousness among parents, this is a
crucial area for most schools now
and in the future. Parents can be in-
volved as well as community and
business groups.

• The computer is a tool, not a
second teacher: "Teachers
shouldn't be regarding software as
the functional equivalent of a reel
of 16 mm film that you put on a
projector and show to students who
just sit there and absorb educa-
tion," argues Mark Tucker, execu-
tive director of the Carnegie Forum
on Education and the Economy.

• Dispelling the computer-
math myth: Educators and parents
must realize that computers and
mathematics are not one and the
same thing. "Teachers have been
delighted to find out that they don't
have to be mathematicians to get
the computer to do wonderful
things like word processing," says
Tipps.

Commodore In Education

As school systems across the conti-
nent race to stay abreast of the
educational computing wave, many of
them are finding the Education Depart-
ment at Commodore Computer Sys-
tems Division to be both a
knowledgeable coach and a well-
connected booster.

Consider the following;

• Donations— Through its CREWS
(Commodore Resources in Education
With States) program, Commodore has
donated well over a thousand computer
systems to more than 25 states. The
project encourages state departments of
education to promote teacher training
and curriculum development for micro-
computer use.

• Matching Grants— Commodore
provides matching grants to schools for
the purchase of computer systems.
More than a million dollars in grants
have been awarded, with over 100
grants so far this year.

• Young Astronaut Program— As
the first of 14 national sponsors of this
space exploration program for young-
sters. Commodore is the official suppli-
er (or all microcomputer products. Dr.
Dan Kunz, Commodore's executive di-
rector of government marketing, is on
extended leave to direct the program's
activities.

• Telecommunications — Commo-
dore's efforts in the educational field
will increasingly include the growing
area of telecommunications, with sev-
eral initiatives still in the planning
stages for late 1985 and 1986.

• A Presidential Classroom for
Young Americans— Commodore is a
primar}' sponsor for this annual week-
in-Washington series of seminars, lec-
tures, and meetings for selected high
school juniors and seniors,

• Olympics of the Mind — More
than 150,000 students from 4,500
school districts in the United States and
Canada took part during 1985 in this
creative problem-solving competition
cosponsored by Commodore.

The empha. in all of these efforts
is on teacher training, school program
incentives, and student hands-on in-
volvement, says Pat Walkington, direc-
tor of Commodore's educational
marketing division.

"We think that schools ought to do
their own (teacher) training because
each system is unique," she says, "We
feel they have the resources for train-
ing, and what they need from us is
equipment,"

But, she adds. Commodore's ef-
forts are aimed at more than simply
putting machines in front of teachers
and students. That's been the premise
behind making the donation, matching
grant, and related programs work on an
incentive basis. School systems make
written proposals for innovative uses of
computers, and Commodore tries to
work with those schools in a variety of
ways.

In Texas, for example, where a re-
cent mandate urges all junior high
school teachers to become computer lit-
erate. Commodore has donated 60
computer systems, including monitors
and disk drives. Ail five boroughs in
New York City have benefited in some
way from Commodore's school pro-
grams, including almost 2,000 teachers
in the Bronx who have been involved in
computer training.

The matching grants program re-
flects a similarly widt range of support.
In Brooklyn, New York, a Commodore
matching grant helped School District
18 begin using the Logo computer lan-
guage as an art medium. Another grant
is aiding the University of Houston's
College of Optometry to develop simu-
lation software for the teaching of clini-
cal practices in optometries. And yet a
third matching grant to the Hillhouse
Computer Association in Pittsburgh
helped start an inner -city after-school
computer club for students as well as
evening computer classes for adults.

Commodore's education staff mem-
bers, most of whom were teachers
or educational administrators, feel that
the low price of Commodore computers
in addition to the wealth of available
software is responsible for recent up-
surges of interest in Commodore
among school systems. And with the
national student-computer ratio stil! at
approximately 97:1, Walkington is con-
vinced that the biggest growth is yet to
come.

One example of the growing mo-
mentum in educational computing is

The Young Astronaut Program, notes
Kunz. Conceived by nationally syndi-
cated columnist Jack Anderson and
kicked off in 1984 by President Ronald
Reagan, this program tries to involve
students in grades one through nine in
activities related to space exploration
under the direction of the Young Astro-
naut Council,

Council chapters composed of
from 5 to 30 students can be formed
through schools or, in some cases, inde-
pendent of schools. The cost is $20 an-
nually per chapter, with the bulk of the
costs being picked up by corporations
and other businesses, included are ac-
tivity packages, such as model rocket
building kits; AstroNet, a telecommuni-
cations service for use among chapters;
and educational materials to supple-
ment school curriculums.

"The key here is the flexibility of
the program, and the fact that it's a sup-
plement to the curriculum," says Kunz.
"Teachers can use it in association with
any part of the curriculum."

Beginning September 14, CBS will
begin airing a weekly Saturday morn-
ing animated educational program for
children entitled The Youtis Astromttts,
Kunz adds. All of the material used in
the series will be educationally and sci-
entifically accurate.

Commodore is eager for school
systems, teachers, parents, and stu-
dents to take advantage of the many
programs under way. The following ad-
dresses and telephone numbers should
help you get started;

Commodore BtisineBS Machines, Inc.

Education Oept.

1200 Wilson Dr.

West Chester, PA 19380

(235) 431-9100

Commodore Toll -Free Hotline:

1-800-247-9000

Young Aslronaul Council
P.O. Box 65432
Washington, D.C 20036

Olympics of the Mind
OM Association, Inc,
Dr. Samuel Mickhis
P.O. Box 27
GlassboTO State College
Glassboro. N} 08028
(609) 881-1603

A Presidential Classroom For Young
Americans
441 N. lee St.

.Alexandria, VA 22314 I

COMPUWs QazeltB (DotoDer 1985 27

• Appropriate software: Pro-
grams which can be integrated into
the classroom with the current cur-
riculum should be a central goal.

The appropriateness of differ-
ent types of computer software for
education remains one of the most
hotly debated topics in the field
today,

"Most of the software that we
need already exists and it's in the
form of what the rest of the worid
calls productivity software," says
Carnegie Forum's Tucker. "Special
databases, word processing pro-
grams, spreadsheets." The trick, he
adds, is to adapt the programs to
particular subjects while at the
same time deciding how and when
to adapt classes to take advantage
of the new materials.

"We don't teach much writing
to elementary school children. We
don't even start teaching writing
before junior high school," he adds.
"But it's fairly clear now from the
point of what's happening with
word processors that we can teach
writing in the elementary schools,"

Sophisticated science software
is already available to let students
simulate laboratory instruments,

Tucker notes. Not only can tradi-
tional science instruction be carried
out uith this software, but even
more complex comparative work
can be simulated with a wide range
of variables. "You cultivate a real
intuitive sense about how these
variables are related, not just mem-
orizing the stuff that's in the text-
book," he says.

It is this conception of the com-
puter as tool rather than instruc-
tional device which Tucker and
others promote as the most effec-
tive way to use computers in the
classroom. "Whether you're using
ready-made applications software,
making your own program, or
something in-between, you're still
using the computer as a tool to get
some tasks done. The computer is
not a course, it's a tool."

Related to this idea is the fact
that computer-aided instruction is
currently based around short
15-20 minute programs which are
difficult to integrate into a school's
standard curriculum format, says
Dr. Larry Fedewa, executive direc-
tor of the National Education Asso-
ciation's (NEA) Educational
Computer Services.

"From this derive all sorts of
problems — scheduling, equipment
access," he says. "So, what's com-
ing in the future is curricula on a
network system,"

As an aid to teachers and par-
ents who want more information
on the kinds of educadonal soft-
ware available, the NEA publishes
The Yellow Book: A Parent's Guide to
Teacher-Tested Educational Software
(Gariand Publishing, Inc).

Whatever the specific software
instruction, Leggett cautions educa-
tors to remember that the funda-
mental goal is to help teach

students how to think. "So this be-
comes a goal — to say that what
we're working toward is teaching
thinking, teaching sophisticated
reasoning. Otherwise," he con-
cludes, "it's not worth doing,"

Commodore's Pat Walkington
sees three important factors relating
to the evolution of this educational
software. First, much of the initial
"home-school" software available
didn't work out, she notes, largely
because parents didn't have any
better idea than their children what
to buy.

Second, the "tool" software
programs mentioned by Tucker —
word processors, spreadsheets, and
databases, for example — are begin-
ning to appear in a few schools as
real-world teaching tools, she says.
However, the number of teachers
now using them is small.

And third, Walkington points
out that traditional textbook pub-
lishers— who know curriculum
content — are beginning to produce
course materials as textbook-
software combinations, a trend
which is bound to increase the pres-
ence of computers in schools.

As educators continue to find
these and other ways to incor-
porate the computer into the class-
room, the debate over methods and
approaches is sure to continue.
What is not under debate is the
computer's continued presence
there.

The fear of computers and
technology which many teachers
and parents originally exhibited is
rapidly disappearing, notes Com-
modore's Dr, Dan Kunz, executive
director of government marketing
and an active proponent of educa-
tional computing.

"As people begin using any
kind of technology on a daily basis,
it just becomes one more tool," he
says. "And a good, well-trained,
creative teacher will find good
things to do with it." •

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The Right
Printer

Charles Brannon, Program Editor

If you're considering buying a printer or don't really
understand the one you have, this article can eliminate
some of the confusion. It explains current printer tech-
nologies, what they offer, and discusses the basic
considerations involved in choosing the right one.

Computers are supposed to
eliminate paperwork, but
it's a fact that paper is still
tiie universal medium of
communication. Perhaps when
everyone has a computer or termi-
nal, paper will no longer be
necessary.

There's little disagreement,
however, that a printer is an excep-
tionatiy valuable addition to any
computer. But if you decide to buy
one, you'll face a plethora of
choices. There's a dazzling array of
printing technologies, interfaces,
paper requirements, DIP switches,
ESCape codes, ribbons, and charac-
ter sets. And getting your printer to
work with your softivare can be
tricky at first.

There's an answer to the
confusion. It's important to be in-
formed before you buy your
printer, but equally important to

30 COMPUTES's Qazans October 1985

know how to use it when you bring
it home. Get to know the features of
printers in general, form a solid
idea of what you need in a printer,
then consider what options you can
afford.

All printing technologies have
one thing in common— they use
energy (force, heat, or even laser
beams) to change the color of the
paper.

Impact printers forcibly strike a
section of ribbon against the paper,
transferring a bit of ink. Inked cloth
ribbons are reusable. The entire
length of the ribbon can usually be
recycled several times, and even re-
inked indefinitely. Carbon film rib-
bons are not reusable. The thin
black coating is removed from the
plastic ribbon, leaving a blank hole
behind. If that portion of ribbon

comes back around, printing will be
spotty and uneven. The additional
cost of these ribbons is offset by
their high -quality solid impression.
Impact printing includes both
dot-matrix and letter-quality print-
ers. Most "letter quality" printers
use a wheel or ball of formed
characters. The actual shape of the
character is rotated into position
and slammed into the ribbon. Most
typewriters rely on this method. A
few printers (mostly teletype ma-
chines) use the IBM hemisphere
"ball," The entire ball is twisted
and tilted to bring the proper
character to the front, then knocked

COMPUTErs Gaiotto OdOOef ISeS 31

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like a rapper against the ribbon and
paper. The ball was never designed
for any speed beyond normal typ-
ing rate, so using a Seiectric as a
printer can rack up some massive
service bills (not to mention war-
ranty conflicts).

A superior technique uses a
central wheel with radiating
spokes, each tipped with a com-
plete character. Superficially
reminiscent of a flower, these print-
ing wheels are known as daisy-
wheels. Often a printer using a
daisywheel is also called a daisy-
wheel, or simply "daisy." The
wheel is spun so that the desired
letter is in position, then a small so-
lenoid (an electromagnetic ham-
mer) stamps the tip against the
paper. Another formed-character
variation is the band printer, which
uses something like a high-speed
chain. The chain has all the charac-
ters arranged serially. As the chain
whizzes past, the printer waits for
the desired letter to come by, then
strikes it against the ribbon and
paper.

The formed character printers
create beautifully sculptured print,
but can be inefficient. Your rep-
ertoire of characters is limited to
those actually present on the wheel
or ball {although you can switch
character sets just by replacing the
ball or wheel). You can't reproduce
graphics (though some daisywheel
printers let you "draw" with peri-
ods). The printer has to spin each
character into place, which takes
some time and quite a bit of co-
ordination. Many daisywheel print-
ers use slow stepper motors (which
advance one click at a time), or
light-beam links to synchronize the
printer's timing with the actual
speed of the wheel. It's a com-
plicated contraption. And all that
slamming, stamping, striking, and
rapping is hard on the printwheel
(not to mention quite noisy). Metal
printwheels are expensive, and
plastic ones wear out quickly. At
least for now, though, the print
quality of daisywheels is hard to
beat.

Afar more flexible way to pro-
duce characters is to create
them a dot at a time. Text is printed
within a matrix of tiny squares or
dots. A similar technique is used to

34 COMPUTE! s Gazette October 1985

display characters on your display
screen, or on marquees. Many dot-
matrix printers produce text that
looks "computery," although some
have such a tight matrix that it's
hard to detect the dots without
magnification. Some printers can
go back for a second pass to fill in
the line by shifting over one half-
dot, or by moving the paper up a
fraction of an inch, before over-
striking.

Most dot-matrix printers print
by sweeping a thin column of pins
or wires across the paper. Impact
dot-matrix printers fire tiny so-
lenoids against these pins to strike
them against the ribbon. The sound
of these pins beating across the pa-
per is loud and screeching, though
recent advances in printheads and
soundproofing have reduced this to
a bearable level.

But impact isn't the only way
to put an image on paper. Why not
build the ink into the paper itself? A
thermal printer uses a column of
"hot spots." The heat-sensitive pa-
per darkens when touched by the
hot thermal pads. Since there's no
impact, thermal printing is very
quiet. The printing assembly is
quite simple, so thermal printers are
relatively inexpensive. An interest-
ing feature of thermal paper is that
it also tends to change color in your
glove compartment on a hot sum-
mer day.

Electrostatic printers use a col-
umn of minute "spark plugs." As
the column sweeps across the pa-
per, these little shockers emit tiny
sparks that evaporate a silvery coat-
ing, revealing an underlying black
surface, Reading black on silver is
difficult, but the paper photocopies
well, giving it a more conventional
appearance.

It seems printer manufacturers will
try anything. Inkjet printers spray
liquid or powdered ink through
tiny jets. Again, these jets are ar-
ranged in a column, and sweep
across as they spray. Ink-jet print-
ers are fast and quiet, yet can print
on any paper. But because the tech-
nology is still a bit new, these print-
ers cost more than comparable dot-
matrix or thermal printers.

A promising new technology is
a variation of thermal printing. In-
stead of heating up unusual paper,
or smacking against it, thermal-

transfer printers heat up a waxlike
ink. The paper, the ink, and the
printhead are sandwiched together.
The ink melts and fuses with the
paper — at least in theory. Many
thermal-transfer printers require
close contact between ribbon, pa-
per, and printhead. Unfortunately,
these printers darken only the
raised surface of the paper, so
nubby paper (like bond) shows a
venetian-blinds effect, or worse,
looks like it was printed by a worn-
out printhead with a used-up rib-
bon. Like carbon film ribbons,
thermal-transfer ribbons are not re-
usable. So although these printers
promise to have the quiet manner
of thermal printing while not
requiring special paper, most ther-
mal-transfer printers do require es-
pecially smooth paper. New
advances in thermal-transfer have
solved these problems, but at a
higher price.

Laser printers have finally ar-
rived. Although they're expensive
(S3000-$5000), nothing can match
the quality. In fact, laser printers
can produce typeset-quality text,
like you're reading now. Laser
printers use the "engine" from a
photocopy machine. A statically
charged drum attracts dry ink dust,
except when the charge is removed
by intense light. The drum rolls the
powdered ink impression onto pa-
per. In a photocopy machine, the
image of the paper is focused onto
the drum. In a laser printer, a scan-
ning laser writes directly onto the
drum, permitting almost any image
to be drawn. The laser printers
work as fast as a copy machine,
spitting out a complete page in
seconds.

Your computer is a colorful crea-
ture, but printing has always
been in boring shades of black.
Some printers can accept different
colors of ribbon, but can't print in
more than one color. However,
there are several ways to achieve
true color printing. Most work by
mixing several primary colors. For
example, red plus yellow equals or-
ange; red plus blue equals purple. A
few years back, a product appeared
which added color capability to any
printer. It consisted of a supply of
red, blue, and yellow carbon paper,
plus some graphics printing soft-
ware. You taped the red carbon pa-

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"The Connection" makes your invest-
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With "The Connection, "you can exe-
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include column tabbing, dot tabbing,
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switch, skip over perf. margin set, and
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per to a blank piece of paper,
inserted the whole thing in the
printer, then printed the portion of
the text or graphics that contained
red. You next removed the red car-
bon, substituted the blue, and over-
printed the sections that required
blue. You finished it up with the
yellow carbon. If you'd properly
aligned the paper each time, you'd
get a multicolor image.

Most color printers these days
use multicolored ribbons. The rib-
bon can be made up of a series of
yellow, red, and blue strips, each
strip the width of the paper. One
whole segment of ribbon is used for
each line, with three segments nec-
essary to print one line. Even if a
certain color isn't used, that seg-
ment must still be skipped over so
that the next line starts with
the right color. This uses up
ribbon fast. Another trick is to
stack several colors verHcally.
The ribbon is installed at an
angle so that the printhead
can print across all the pri-
mary colors, creating multiple
colors on the same line in a
single pass. Rather than using
a ribbon installed at an angle,
another color printer just
shifts the ribbon up and down
to get to the right color, but it
can't print more than one
color in one pass; it must go
back and overstrike. In any
case, you'll need custom soft-
ware to take advantage of the
color capability. Some color
printers may include the nec-
essary color graphics program.

You should also consider the
type of paper you'll be printing on.
The least expensive printers use a
friction feed mechanism to drive
the paper through, using a roller
(platen) much like a typewriter's.
Friction feed can transport almost
any paper, including cut-sheet
(letterhead) and inexpensive roll
paper, but is prone to misalign-
ment. All it takes is a few paper
slippages to give you skewed print-
ing, especially at high speed.

To circumvent this problem, the
computer industry developed a
special kind of paper, called pinfeed,
tractor, or fanfold paper. This paper
is bound on both sides with a strip
of punched holes. Each sheet is at-
tached to the next with a serration.

36 COMPUTE rs Gazgtie Oaober 1385

This lets a toothed cog grab the
edges of the paper and roll it through
continuously. The perforated strips
can usually be pulled off and each
sheet detached to transform each
page into normal letter-size paper.
If you don't want anyone to know it
was printed with a computer, you
can buy special paper that allows
you to tear off the strips and sepa-
rate the sheets cleanly with barely
visible rough edges.

Your printer must have a
tractor-feed mechanism to use this
paper, unless the friction-feed car-
riage is wide enough to accommo-
date the extra width of pinfeed
paper. Many printers have both
friction- and tractor-feed. With
tractor-feed, you needn't worry
about paper slippage, although

some tractor-feeds that push the
paper through the carriage from be-
hind can bunch up the paper. If the
paper supply does not flow
smoothly, the paper can tear free
from the tractor cogs. You must also
be careful to prevent the ejected pa-
per from rolling back into the car-
riage. Paper separators are included
with most printers to help prevent
this problem. If you need to print
wide reports, you may want to look
into a wide-carriage printer. Most
80-column printers have a con-
densed mode that gives 132 charac-
ters per line. Wide-carriage printers
can print on 15 -inch wide paper. In
condensed mode, you can fit 255
characters on a line.

Whatever type of ribbon your
printer needs, make sure it's easy to
get replacement ribbons. A printer

ribbon doesn't last as long as you
may think it would, especially
when printing reams of listings.
Many printers use the widely avail-
able ribbon cartridge originally
used with the Epson MX-80. Others
can use ordinary typewriter ribbon
spools. Some printers use ribbons
only available from the manufac-
turer, at a premium price.

When shopping for a printer,
always get a printed sample of the
character set. Inexpensive dot-
matrix printers can be fine for rough
drafts and listings, but when you
want to make a good impression
(especially for business correspon-
dence), you must have letter-quaUty,
or at least the near letter-quality
available on some dot-matrix print-
ers. For word processing,
you'll probably want to know
what fonts and styles are
available, such as double-
width, condensed, boldface,
itahcs, and especially under-
lining. Before you buy your
word processor, make sure it
can support your printer. And
if you already have a word
processor, check to see which
printers it supports before
buying. Some word proces-
sors will work with any
printer, letting you embed
printer codes for special fonts
and typestyles. If you want to
dump screen graphics onto
paper, make sure the printer
supports the graphics mode
used by the screen-dump
program.

How patient are you? The speed
of a printer is important to
many people. The higher-priced
printers often can claim no more
features than the lower-priced
ones, but can print as much as twice
as fast. Speed is usually measured
in "throughput," not the actual
speed of the printhead. Many print-
ers print bidirecdonally. Instead of
wasting the time spent in returning
the carriage, these printers can print
from right to left on the return trip.
Logic-seeking printers don't waste
time printing a space, but skip the
printhead to the next non-space po-
sition. And instead of feeding paper
a line at a time, some printers can
eject paper quickly to skip vertically
or between pages. For dot- matrix
printers, the rated speed is usually

jieii ycni can liave Mb?

Miter Mo turns yoitr Commodore 64

Into a telecommunications giant.

It^ the best>perf ormlng modem

with upload/download.

Mitey Mo is being hailed as
"the best price/periormance com-
munications package availablel'
Its software has received the endorse-
ment ol the U.S. Commodore Users
Group, which gives a money-back
guarantee to mennbers. It is truly the
industry standard, and no wonder.
It's the most user-friendly modem you
con buy— it will take you ordine
faster and easier than anything else.

Mitey Mo opens up a world of
practical and exciting uses for your
C-64. It lets you send and receive
electronic mail, link up with commu-
nity bulletin boards, ploy computer
games with people in distant places,
tap into library resources, and
much more. All at your convenience.

Until Mitey Mo, Commodore's
1650 Automodem was the obvious
choice when you went looking
for a modem tor your computer, like
Mitey Mo, it has "auto
answer" -it receives
data while unattended
And both modems are
"auto dialers" —
you dial right on
the computer's
keyboard. But
that's about
where the simi-
larity ends.

Mitey Mo
can dial up to 9

OOMKOIXm

MODninuvBis

MRETUO

Auto Dial/Answer

YES

YES

Auto Pedial

YES

NO

Smart 64 Software

YES

NO

Function Keys

Programmable

YES

NO

Upload/I>ownload

Text & X-Modem

YES

NO

VT-52/Vr- 100 Emulation

YES

NO

Menu Driven

YES

NO

28K Software Buffer

YES

NO

Easy-to-Use Manual

YES

NO

Bell 103 Compatible

YES

YES

Multiple Baud Rates

YES

YES

Cable Included

YES

YES

Single Switch Operation

YES

NO

Warranty

3 years

90 days

Some mighty Interesting features—
ours and theirs. %urs to decide.

numbers sequentially But suppose you dial
Q number and find it's busy Mitey Mo has "auto
redial"— it hangs up and redials immediately
until it gets through. With the other modem
you have to redial each time - and somebody
with auto redialing can slip in ahead of you.
Mitey Mo is menu driven. It lists the things
you can do on the screen.
Select a number and you're
on your way Since Auto-
modem isn't menu driven,
you'll be hunting through
the manual a lot.

With Mitey Mo, your
computer's function
keys are program-
mable—you can
save yourself plenty

of keystrokes, Not so with the other
modem. And only Mitey Mo lets you
store data to review or print it later.

Mitey Mo has jus! one switch,
the Smart 64 software does the rest.
With the other modem you'll have
to remember to check three switches,
otherwise you may be answering
when you mean to be originating.

Mitey Mo is half the size of the
other modem. The very latest tech-
nology allows miniaturization and
increased reliability as well. Mitey
Mo is so reliable, we gave it a full
three-year warranty The other
modem gives 90 days, then you're on
your own.

Not only will you find Mitey
Mo mighty useful, you'll find It
mighty reasonably priced. When
you buy it, you'll get S15 of
CompuServe access time and 2
hours of PlayNet free, as well.
See your dealer or call us
directly to order your Mitey Mo.

Computer Devices Int'l
1345- A2 Dooliftle Drive
San Leandro, CA 94577
(415)633-1899

for the lowest quality but fastest
printing draft mode.

No matter how fast your
printer is, you still have to wait for
printing to finish before you can use
the computer. The computer is tied
up by sending characters to the
printer. This can be alleviated with
a printer buffer. The buffer is mem-
ory built into the printer or inter-
face. The buffer accepts characters
as fast as the computer can send
them, then sends these characters
to the printer at a more leisurely
rate. As long as the buffer doesn't
fill up, the computer is free to do
other things. When the buffer fills
up, the computer waits until
enough of the buffer is sent out to
accept more characters from the
computer. If you're printing short
letters, a 2K buffer is enough to
quickly free up your computer.
Otherwise, a buffer only shortens
the time the computer is tied up.

Some interfaces include a
buffer, some printers offer a buffer
as an option (most have a one-line
buffer by default), and you can buy
a special buffer that attaches be-
tween your interface and the
printer. Some buffers allow as
much as 256K of buffer space,
enough for a small book, but
they're extremely expensive. These
super-buffers often allow you to
print selected portions of the buffer.
One external buffer even has a
video port to let you scroll through
the buffer and delete unwanted
data before printing.

After selecting a printer, it's
time to hook it up to your com-
puter. It's easy with Commodore
printers — just plug the round serial
jack into the back of your computer
or disk drive. Some third-party
printers also include a built-in
Commodore interface. But most
printers are marketed for a broad
spectrum of computers.

There are two industry stan-
dard interfacing protocols:
Centronics parallel and RS-232 se-
rial, A parallel interface sends an
enrire character at a time, all eight
bits of it, through eight parallel
wires. Serial interfaces transfer
characters one bit at a time over a
single wire. Although serial cabling
can be less expensive, a parallel
interface is usually faster and easier
to use. Beware of RS-232 printers

38 COMPUTEI's Gazette October 1985

for Commodore computers. Very
little software supports it. Parallel
interfaces attached to the user port
require special software printer
drivers, which are vulnerable to
destruction by other RAM-resident
software or require a ROM car-
tridge that can make the system in-
compatible with some programs.

The best interface for third-
party printers attaches to the stan-
dard round serial port. The
interface translates the serial output
and sends it out over a standard
Centronics parallel cable.

It's important that interfaces also
translate the characters coming
across, Most third-party printers
use the industry standard ASCII
(American Standard Code for Infor-
mation Interchange) codes for
sending characters as numbers. For
example, the capital letter A is de-
fined as the number 65, B as 66,
lowercase a as 97, b as 98, and so
on. Commodore, though, uses its
own variation of ASCII, a vestige
from the days of the Commodore
PET. In effect, Commodore ASCII
exchanges the position of upper-
and lowercase in the character set.
The interface must translate these
nonstandard characters for the sake
of true ASCII printers, or else print
comes out in all uppercase or with
upper- and lowercase switched.

An exception to this is when
the computer is sending graphics
bytes across. These bytes represent
the shape of a column of dots. The
translation will interpret these
bytes as characters, switch them,
and mangle the graphics image.
Most interfaces provide a transpar-
ent mode to bypass the translation.
Also, many programs were
written to work with Commodore
printers, especially the 1525 and
MFS-801. Some take advantage of
the printer's graphics character set,
reproducing the graphics characters
on the keyboard. Others use MPS-
801/1525 tab setting codes, reverse
field, graphics mode, or setting for
uppercase/graphics or upper/
lowercase mode. Many printer
interfaces can emulate the MPS-
801/1525 for better software
compatibility. With the interface,
your third-party printer can act just
like a Commodore printer. A
graphics interface can even re-
produce Commodore graphics

characters, MPS-801/1525-style
graphics mode, reverse field, and
cursor and color control symbols.
This emulation, however, can pre-
vent you from accessing your print-
er's more sophisticated printing
features. The transparent or graph-
ics mode of an interface can be used
to bypass the emulation when
required.

Many printer interfaces in-
clude bonus features like listing
mode, where cursor and color con-
trols are spelled out, as in [CLR] for
the clear-screen character. Others
let you set left and right margins,
skip over the paper perforation
automatically, and enable/disable
linefeeds.

The linefeed can be one of the big-
gest headaches you encounter.
After a line has been printed, the
printer has to do two things: move
the paper up a line, and move the
printhead back to the left margin.
The linefeed just moves the paper
up a line. A carriage return, strictly
defined, just moves the printhead
back to the start of the line. Many
computers send a linefeed auto-
matically with a carriage return, so
the printers don't add a linefeed of
their own to prevent unwanted
double-spacing.

Commodore machines don't
send this linefeed unless told to do
so by a program, so the printer must
supply these linefeeds automati-
cally. If your printer can't do this,
most interfaces have a linefeed
mode or setting to do this for you.
But with all these possibilities, you
can get all printing on the same line
(no linefeed), unwanted double-
spacing (the printer's linefeed plus
the interface's or computer's), even
triple-spacing (everyone's sending
a linefeed). It can be maddening.
The solution is to make sure only
one of the parties is controlling the
linefeed.

Next month, we'll discuss us-
ing the printer with various kinds of
software. We'll also explore
programming your printer in
BASIC and machine language, us-
ing your printer's fonts and styles,
and solving many common printer
problems. We'll look at some sam-
ple programs, including a graphics
screen dump, text screen dump,
and techniques for formatted
output. •

WiW @M BMl

ooo

COMPUTE! 's

Commodore 64/128 Co

Now for the Commodore 64
and the Commodore 128, this
collection brings together
some of the best games,
applications, and utilities from
COMPUTE! Publicotlons. All
programs run on the 64 and
the 128 running in 64 mode.
Addltlonallv, there are sec-
tions detailing the advanced
special features of the power-
ful, new 128 computer.

Edited, $12.95
ISBN 0-942386-97-3

COMMODORE

(SIXTY FOUR &i

COLLECTION

All Ihe excilirg programs from the
book are aisc available on an
easy-to-use d sk. The Commodore
64/128 cotle 7tlon Disk Is ready to
"load Ull i/UUI borrrmodore 64 or 128
running In 64 mode. You can order
the Disk directly (rom COMPUTEf
Books tor only $12.95 (plus $2.00
shipping and handling.)

To order, COMPUTEI's Commodore 64/128 Collection and Disk, moil trils coupon to

COMPUTE! Books, PO. Box 5058, Greensboro. NO 27403

or call toll-free 800-334-0868 (in NC 919-275-9809).

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COMPUTE! Publicationsjnc.

One of the ABC Publistiing Companies

324 W. Wendover Avenue. Suite 200. Greensboro. NC 27408 919-275-9809

PuWoftetj of COMPUrt' COMPUIt'j GoHiiio rr**uTEis &ate!te Dak COMPUIE( Booki. onO COMPUTEi t Apple Apcteononi.

User Group Update

When writing to a user group for information, please remember to enclose a
stamped, self- addressed envelope.

Send additions, corrections, and deletions for this list to:

COMPUTE! Publications
P.O. Box 5406
GreemboWr JVC 27403
Attn: Commodore User Groups

Announcements And Changes

A group of six bulletin board system operators (sysops) has formed in the Long
Island area. Information about LISA (Long Island Sysop's Association) and its
boards, which offer only public domain software, may be obtained by contacting
the group's public relations officer, Frank Imburgio, 34 Inwood Rd., Port Wash-
ington, NY 11050, Phone contact may be made at the following numbers; (516)
883-7017 (home, voice); (516) 944-6860 (business, voice); or (516) 944-6594
(modem).

The Pets Around Livermore computer club (PALS) has a new president,
CuUey Union, and a new mailing address; PALS, P.O. Box 1068, Livermore, CA
94550.

The new address for the Napa Valley Commodore Computer Club is P.O.
Box 2324, Napa, CA 94558.

Commodore Owners of Lafayette, IN (C.O.O.L.) also has a new address;
P.O. Box 5763, Lafayette, IN 47903.

Another group with a new address is Louisville Users of Commodore of
Kentucky (L.U.C.K.Y.). Correspondence should be sent to P.O. Box 19032, Louis-
ville, KY 40219-0032.

A new club has formed for people interested in meeting other Commodore
users around the world. For more information, contact the Commodore Inter-
nationa! Users Group, c/o Don Kovatch, 1904 Van Buren, Baltimore, MD 21222.

The Commodore 64 User Group of Southfield, MI has disbanded.

The contact person for the Mid-Missouri Commodore Club is Jim DeMian,
Secretary. Correspondence may be sent to him in care of the club at P.O. Box
7026, Columbia, MO 65205-7026.

The Monadnock (NH) Commodore 64 Users Group is now the Monadnock
Usere Group (M.U.G.) for Commodore Owners, The new president and contact
person is P. Kirkpatrick, 135 Liberty Lane, Keene, NH 03431.

The new contact person for the Tulsa Area Commodore Users Group is
Craig Bowman, Secretary. The mailing address remains the same: 7804 N. 117th
E. Ave,, Owasso, OK 74055,

Abilene Cursor Control, P.O, Box 6261, Abilene, TX 79608, also has a new
contact person, Larry Prince, Mail to the club should now be sent to his
attention,

The new address for the Commodore (Houston) User Group (C,H.U,G.
Inc.) is P.O. Box 612, TombaiL TX 77375. Contact persons are John and Mary
Howe,

The Fredericksburg Commodore Club was incorrectly listed as the
Fredericksburg Computer Club in a previous update. The group also has a new
address. Send inquiries to the club's president, George Walker, c/o Shelken
Associates, 313 William St., Fredericksburg, VA 22401.

In Richmond, VA, The Richmond Area Commodore Enthusiasts
(T.R.A.C.E.) also has a new contact person and address: E. M. (Rex) Rexrode, Jr.,
2920 Pinehurst Rd., Richmond, VA 23228.

The Lewisburg (WV) Commodore User Society has changed its name to
People Addicted to Computers Klub (PACK) Program Exchange, The address re-
mains the same: c/o David Haynes, 17 Silo Sq., Lewisburg, WV 24901.

Commodore Hobbyists involved in Personal Systems (CHIPS) has a new
mailing address: CHIPS, P.O, Box 1006, West Bend, WI 53095. Contact persons
are Terry Westerbeke, President, or Dick Kraemer, Club librarian.

In Canada, the Brantford Hackers have changed their name to STPG
(Shop-Taker Programming Guild). For information, write to the club in care of
Syd Boiton, 25 Frontenac Ave., Brantford, Ontario, Canada N3R 3B7.

40 COMPUTErs Gaiaae Oclobor 1985

New Listings
ARIZONA

Commodore Users Croup of ARizona (COUGAR
Inc.), c/o .MargarelH Herr, 933 S. Acorn. Tcmpe,
AZ 852S1

ARKANSAS

The Southwest Arkansas Commodore Users
Group, David DuBurk, 404 S. Greening St., Hope,
AR 71801

CALIFORNIA

Lowest Users Group in Itre United Stales

(LUGITUS), Kuslv Bayno, 650 S. Impi-rial Ave.,

Brawlcy, CA 92227
Wesl Valley Commodore Uiers Group, Ed Drown,

Tresident, 23455 Justice St,, Canoga Park, CA

91306
i'LUG (Plus/4 Users' Group), Box 1001, Monterey,

CA 93940
VacavUte Commodore Users Group (VCUG), E.

Breeht, 530 Burlington Dr.. Vacaville, CA 95688

GEORGIA

Athens Commodore Enthusiasts (ACE), Stanton
Robertson, 130 St. lames Dr,. Athens, GA 30606

North East Georgia Commodore User Group,
Randy 5huler Rt. 2. Dos 226, Oakwood. CA 30566

ILLINOIS

Fox Valley 64 Users Croup, i'rank Christensen, P.O.
Bo\ 28, North Aurora, I L 60542

IOWA

The John Deere Tractor Works Commodore Com-
puter Companions, Marshall Nielsen, 7412 W.
Bennington Rd., Ci'dar Kails, lA 50613

Syntax Errors Anonymous Commodore User
Group, c/o StephiTi K, Graff, K. K. llox6S45, Spirit
Lake, IAS 1360

Waterloo Area Commodore Club, t/o Kick Volker,
645 Lowell Ave., Waterloo, lA 50702

KENTUCKY

Commodore Users' Group of Central Kentucky,
c/o John A, Rea, 173 Forest Ave,, Lexington, kV
40508

LOUISIANA

Worldwide Commodore User Group, Ark-La-Miss
Division, P.O. Box 371, Quitman, LA 71268

MARYLAND

Baltimore Commodore Users Group 4BCUG), Steve
.Michalek, 402 VVavcrly Ave., Baltimore, MD
21225-3437

TrlTech's Commodore Users Group, Brent Gold-
berg, 10100 Ormond Rd., Potomac, MD 20854

MINNESOTA

Redwood Falls Area Computer Exchange, James

Weiss, President, 815 E. Spring St., Redwood Falls,

MN 56283
NEVADA
C-RUN (Commodore Reno Uien Network), Rick

Cooke, Box 8566, Reno, NV 89507

NEW YORK

The Rainbow International C-64 Users' Group,

Victor LaDouceur, Sr„ President, 947 Harrison
Ave., Niagara Falls, NY 14305

NORTH CAROLINA

Commodore 64 User Group, Timolhv Macking,
PO. Box 1635. Banner Elk, NC 28604'

Raleigh Area Commodore Enthusiasts, ]ahn
DeVcre, President, 904 Davidson St., Raleigh, NC
27609-5547

PENNSYLVANIA

Beaver County Area Commodoie Uiefs Group
(B.CA.CU.G.), H, J. "Jack" Hemer, Secretary, 112
Spruce Dr., Monaca, PA 15061

SOUTH DAKOTA

Fort 64 User Croup, Ko)<.imi Pappas, Vice President,
929 Lemmon St„ Rapid City, SD 57701

MM/^

COMPUTEt^ FIRST BOOK OF
^COMMODOREbh

AND
GRAPHICS

COMPUTB's Reference Guide
to Commodore 64 Graphics,
John Heilborn, SI 2.95
A complete tutorial on creat-
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and animation on the Com-
modore 64,

COMPUTEI's First Book of Com-
modore 64 Sound ond Graph-
/cj. Edited, SI 2.95
Clear, useful explanations o(
the 64 's sound and grophlcs
capabilities including tutorials
and example programs.

COMPUTEI's Beginner's Guide
to Commodore 6d Sound, John
Heilborn, SI 2.95
Complete descriptions ond nu-
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how to program sound ond
music on the 64.

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Order directly from COMPUTE! Books by mailing the attached form with your payment to COMPUTE!

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Africa from Holt Saunders, Ltd., 1 St. Anne's Rood, Eastbourne, East
Sussex BN21 SUN, Englond. __^_^^

TEXAS

Sherman Commadote Users Croup <SCUC), J^son

Cillev, President, 827 W, Sears. Denisor, TX

75020
The Crcat Northwest Commodore 64 Users Group,

P.O. Box 380732, San Antonio, TX 7S2B0
TOTCOM (Top of Texas Commodore), Box 2851,

!'.-imp.), TX 79066-2851
WASHINGTON
75S Commodore 64 Users Group, Makah Air Force

Station, Ncah Bay, VVA 90357
Olympic Peninsula User Croup (O.P-U.G.l, Mike

Rvan, President, 836 West Si\lh Si., Port Angeles,

WA 98362

WEST VIRGINIA

The Kanjwha Valley Commodore Computer

Club, Floyd Steele, P.O. Box 252, Dunbar, WV

25064
Northern West Virginia C-64 Club, John W. Bvam,

jr., rresideiu, 228 Grand St., Morgantown, WV

2650S

OUTSIDE THE U. S.

AUSTRALIA

Commodore Computer Users Group IQLD) Inc.,

P.O. Box 274, Springwood Q 4127, Brisbane,

Australia
Geelong Commodore Cumpuler Club, c/o 15 )aca-

randa Place, Belmonl 3216, Geclong, Australia
The Griffith Computer Association, c/o Secretary,

PO. Box 425, Griffith 2680, Australia
Class of 64, c/o Robert Wheeler, 37 Kuran St.,

Chermiside, Queensland 4012, Australia
Commodore Computer Users Group (Townsville),

1 Paxton St.. Townsvilk' 4810, Aiislrali,i
Australian Computer Education Association, P.O.

Box 194, Corinda 4075, GUI Aiivtrali.i
VIC-UrS Computer Users Croup, T.O. Box 1103.

Bootagoon. Western Australia 6IS4

BELGIUM

L'Amiril Club C-64 & C-128, c/o Alain Trinteler,
P.O. Box 41. B-1090, Brussels, Belgium

CANADA

Hinton Computer Club, K. Baitlett, Box 2431,

Hinton. Alberta. Canada TOE ICO
Medicine Hat Commodore Users Group, P.O. Box

764, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada TIA 7G7
K.C.C.U.G., Ciiris Larson, 195 Mars Rd., Kelowna,

British Columbia, Canada VIX 1H3
International C-64/VIC-20 Users Group, c/o Jason

Belsev, 22559 Minch Cres,, Maple Ridge, British

Columbia. Canada V2X 7HS
Beaver Valley Commodore Club, Box 495,

Montrose. British Columtiia, Canada VOG 1 PO
Fundy C-64 Users Group, c/o 32A Cannon Rd..

Quispamsis, \ew Brunsivick, Canada EOG 2W0
The Great White North Computer Club, I.E.

Vicira, President, 358 Grenville St., Oritlia,

Oniario. Canada UV 2K7
Niagara Commodore Users Croup, ISA Neilson

Ave., St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada L2M 5V')
Midland Commodore Users Group, c/o Franl^

Murphy, P.O. Box 375, Victoria Harbour, Ontario,

Canadii [.OK 2A0
TRACK 36 Users' Club, Wayne Chapman, 491

Kenilworth Ave. North, fiamilton, Ontario,

Canada L8H 4T6
C.U.G.S., Gordon Clew, 1635 Fleet St., Regina,

Saskatcheivan, Canada S4N' 5S2
The POKEr's Club, Kris Finnestad, Box 75, St. Louis,

Saskatchewan. Canada SO) 2C0

COLUMBIA

Columbia 64 Group, c/o Rodrigo Chaves, V.O. Box

6713, Call, Columbia, South America
FINLAND

User's Club of PTT, c/o Sakari Natri,
Tele lutk! n:\uslaitok5en, Mikrotietokonekerho,
Kiviaidank.iiu 2 F, 00210 Helsinki 21, Finland

IRELAND

CLUB64, 85 Upper Drumcondra Rd., Dublin 9,

Ireland

ITALY

IHT Division: User«, c/o Massimiliano Lisa, Via

Borgonuovo 19, Milano 20121, Italy
Commodore 64 Computer Users Croup of Rome,

c/o Pluchinotta Via di S. Agnese 22, 00198, Rome,

Ilalv

JAPAN

Commodore Users Club of Yokosuka Japan,

Dennis ii. Vickland, COMNAVFORJ (N-34) Box
12, FPO Seattle, WA 9S762

MEXICO

Commodore 64 User's Group, APDO 86, Calle
Zaragoza 414, Puerto Vallarta. Jalisco, Mexico
48300

NEW ZEALAND

East Coast Bays Commodore User Group, P.O. Box
35-034. Browns Bay AuckLind 10, New Zealand

Marlborough Commodore Users Group, Robin
Vercoe, 42 Rogers St., Blenheim Marlborough,
New Zealand

PAKISTAN

Commodore Computer User Club, altn: Khahd
Khanani, P.O. Box 6121, Karachi-2, Pakistan

SWEDEN

Computer Club Sweden, Hans Engstrom, Sec-
retary. P.O. Box 7040, S-103 86 Stockholm,
Sweden

SWITZERLAND

C-64 Anwender Club, Postlach 194, 8029 Zurich,
Sw'it?.erland

WEST GERMANY

Eifel Commodore Users Group

(Bitburg/Spangdahlcm/Pruem), MWR Division,

APO New York 09132
SEMBACH AB Commodore Users Group, Attn^

Z,ic Thomas, Box 939, APO N'ew York 09130
Zwelbrucken Commodore Computer Club, Hank

While, PSC Box 2312, APO N'ew York 09860

WEST INDIES

Saturn Software User Group 64, ,Mario Flores,
Alablancaweg 71, Curacao, .'sietherland Antilles

HEW UPDATED VERSIOH

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The

Farm
Game

IT

"D"

M

Daniel M, Seurer

What's it like to manage a farm? How are your
decisions affected by an ever-changing market?
When is the best time to sell? How much of your
crop should you store? This educational and
entertaining simulation puts you in the shoes of
the American farmer. For the 64, VIC (16K re-
quired), Plus/4, and Commodore 16.

You're the owner of a 200-acre farm
in the Midwest. You have $20,000
to invest and must make sound de-
cisions if you're to survive — what
and when to plant, how much
insecticide and herbicide to use,
when to store or sell crops, and so
on.

"The Farm Game" is more
than a game, it's a simulation based
on real decisions facing the farmer.
Along the way you'll learn that
making money at farming isn't that
easy. The program was written
after researching crop market
prices, the futures market, and' the
factors which affect crop prices and
yields. My father-in-law, a farmer,
also provided valuable first-hand
experience to help make this
simulation realistic.

You own five fields, each 40
acres, to be planted with wheat,
com, or soybeans. Inflation affects
the cost of everything, and the
prices paid for your crops will vary

with the changing market con-
ditions. If crop prices at harvest
time are not high enough to cover
your expenses, or you just want to
gamble for higher prices, you can
store your crops and sell them at a
later time on the futures market.

Plant And Harvest

The program is divided into two
parts: Planting Time and Harvest
Time. After typing in the program,
save a copy. It's written completely
in BASIC, so just type RUN to start
play. {It might be helpful to have a
pencil and pad on hand to take
notes before you begin play^ — 'it's
probably too difficult to keep track
of all the numbers in your head as
the game develops.) You are first
asked how long you wish to man-
age the farm. The answer should be
in number of years. You can type in
any number, but you should start
with five years until you become
more familiar with the program.

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Next, the Planting Season menu is
displayed. You have four choices,
each selection made by pressing
one of the function keys:

Planting Season

fl... Market news
f3...Your financial status

fS...PlanHng

f7„.Sell crops on futures

Market news (fl) contains
essential information for playing
the game. You should always con-
sult this item first. You'll see: 1.
Yearly inflation rate, which affects
all costs and can vary from 0 to 5
percent; 2. Fuel cost per gallon; 3,
Herbicide and insecticide costs per
unit; 4. Overhead costs (which in-
clude expenses for machinery, re-
pairs, etc.); 5, Basic cost per acre
(which includes taxes, land
improvements, etc.); 6. Cost per
bushel of grain seed (wheat, corn,
and soybeans); and 7. Futures mar-
ket price for each of the three crops.
This last item is very important
later in the game when it comes
time to sell your stored crops. Press
any key to return to the planting
menu.

To review your current finan-
cial status, press f3. The screen dis-
plays the money currently in your
bank account, the amount you owe
the bank, the number of bushels of
grain {wheat, corn, and soybeans)
you have in storage, and your
monthly grain storage fees (one and

Although the money siiuatioii is tight,
this farmer has grain to sell later.

a half cents per month for each
bushel). Again, pressing any key re-
turns you to the planting menu.

Planting (f5) puts you into the
main part of the game, which we'll
look at a bit later. To sell crops,
press f7. The going price was noted
in the futures market item dis-
played in market news (fl). On
your first year of play you'll have

46 COMPUTEfs Gazette Octotwr IMS

no grain in storage and therefore
none to sell. When you do have
grain to sell later in the game, this
screen will display how many
bushels of each of the three crops
you have in storage as well as the
current futures market prices for
each of the crops.

You'll then be asked if you
wish to sell wheat (fl), corn {f3).

■jiswauitiMa

lUPi i{»'n <Hi*r .I41IUI0 :
ItprhKitti- fast ppr unit'
lnv«itirup tavt per unit:
ft«rrh4-Ad custf '

G«*4lLn fFFJ cost per bushel

Cirm:
£«vbpan.£ :

5 J. 51

6 1.3-4

$ BT.19

s J.ni

Based on the futures market, planting
wheat looks like the smartest move.

soybeans (f5), or none (f7). If your
response is "none" (f7), you're re-
turned to the planting menu.
Otherwise, select the crop to be
sold. You're then prompted to enter
the number of bushels you wish to
sell (up to the total you have in stor-
age). You can sell any amount. If
you suddenly decide not to sell at
this point, enter 0. After entering
the amount of grain you wish to
sell, you're asked if you want to sell
more. Press Y if you do, otherwise,
N returns you to the planting menu.
The main part of the game is
Planting (fS), Unlike the other
menu options above, you can't re-
turn to the menu once you've
committed to planting. If you wish
to look at your financial status, the
market news, or sell crops on the
futures market, do so before
planting.

After selecting Planting, a mes-
sage appears explaining that you
have five fields of 40 acres each and
that fields 1,2, and 3 are average or
slightly above average in yield,
while fields 4 and 5 are slightly less
than average producers.

For each of the five fields, you
choose which of the three crops to
plant. For field 1, enter 1 for wheat,
2 for corn, or 3 for soybeans, then
repeat the process until all five
fields have been planted. (It takes
1.5 bushels of seed to plant an acre
of either wheat or soybeans, and

0.334 bushels of seed to plant an
acre of corn.)

Next, the total acreage planted
in the three crops is displayed and
you're asked how many units per
acre of insecticide and herbicide
you wish to apply. Not applying
enough herbicide and/or insec-
ticide can drastically reduce your
yields, but applying these chemi-
cals beyond a certain level will not
result in further benefits. The
proper amount lies somewhere be-
tween 15 and 35 units per acre, but
I'll leave it up to you to determine
the optimal amount. Even with the
correct amount applied there's still
a slim chance that weeds, insects, or
inadequate rainfall may reduce
your yield.

After crops have been planted
and the chemicals applied, the
planting costs (seed, chemicals, and
so on) are automatically deducted
from your bank balance. If your
balance drops below zero, you'll
have to borrow money from the
bank. The bank will let you have up
to $50,000 at a yearly interest rate
of 12 percent. The minimum loan
payment, due at harvest time,
amounts to one- third of the loan
balance. If you need to borrow over
the $50,000 limit, you are consid-
ered bankrupt, thus ending the
game.

Reaping What You've Sown

After planting, the game moves di-
rectly into harvest time. At this
point, you may sell or store your
crop harvest, pay bills, and receive
your futures crop check (if any).

A lot of important information
appears on the screen at this time:

1. Selling price per bushel of each
crop at the current market rate and
the yield of each crop planted; 2.
Your bank balance (after deducting
planting expenses); 3. The amount
of money you received from the
sale of any stored crops on the fu-
tures market; 4. The value of this
year's harvest if all were sold at the
current market prices; 5. The mini-
mum loan payment due; 6. Harvest-
ing costs; 7. Fuel expense; 8. Cost
per acre charges; 9. Overhead ex-
penses; and 10. Crop storage fees.
Also displayed are your total assets
(bank balance + futures crop check
+ this year's harvest if sold at the
current market late) and your total

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Get more out of your Commodore with

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iiiiiiiiiiiKt

COMPUTEI's

FOR COMMODORE PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS

More fun

Martian Prisoner, Tlie Viper,
Skydiver, Snake Escape, De-
mon Star, Cyclon Zap, and Oil
Tycoon are just a few of tlie
ready-to-run gomes you'll find
exclusively in COMPUTEl's
Gazette each month. Just
type in the programs and
watch your screen explode
with colorful new computer
game excitement.

More challenge

Ready to tackle more ad-
vanced projects? In COM-
PUTE'sl Gazette, you'll learn
how to use tape and disk files,
how to program the function
keys, writing transportable
BASIC, how to moke custom
graphics characters, new
ways to enliven programs with
sound, one-touch commands
for the 64, how to use ma-
chine language, speeding up
the VIC-20— and much morel

Children will learn and
develop new skills with States
&. Capitals Tutor, Wordmatch,
Munchmath, Wordspell, Con-
nect the Dots, Aardvork
Attack, and Alfobug. Comput-
ing for Kids, a regular monthly
feature, will uncover new
ways to involve your children
in computing.

f/M'

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More programs

Programs to help you balance
your checkbook, store your
addresses, keep tax records,
manage your personal busi-
ness. You can create your
own programs and gomes,
improve your word processing,
spreadsheets, and data base
management, load and run
faster with 64 Searcher,
VIC/64 Program Lifesaver,

Quickflnd, Word Hunt, Disk
Menu, VIC Timepiece, The
Automatic Proofreader and
more.

i $ $ JJTJJJTLM

More buying
guidance

You'll profit from comprehen-
sive reviews of everything from
data-quality cassette topes to
software to graphics plotters
and modems, Virtually any-
thing that's compatible with
your Commodore is reported
on in COMPUWs Gazette.
With this kind of expert help,
every computer purchase you
make can be the right onel

Order now

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debits (loan payment due + har-
vest costs + fuel expense + over-
head expense + basic cost per acre
-\- crop storage fees).

Take special note of tnis infor-
mation (again, writing it down can
be the key to making careful de-
cisions), then press any key to begin
selling or storing your crops. You
may sell all, none, or any portion of
your total yield. You're asked how
many bushels of each grain you
wish to sell at the current market
price. You may enter any number
up to the total yield of that crop.
Next, you're told how much money
you would receive for that much
grain. To change the amount, press
fl and reenter the number of bush-
els of grain to be sold. If the amount

Several crucial decisions are made at
harvest time.

you first entered is OK, press f3.
The unsold crop balance (if any) is
automatically put into storage.

After all the grain has been
sold or stored, you are asked to
make at least a minimum payment
on your loan (if you owe the bank
any money). If, after selling or stor-
ing your crops and deducting all ex-
penses, your bank balance dips
below zero, you will again need to
borrow money. The minimum
amount you need to borrow is also
displayed. Provided you're still sol-
vent, the program cycles back to the
planting menu and the game
continues into the next year.

After playing for the number of
jrears selected at the beginning, the
final screen appears. The display
includes your current bank balance,

the number of bushels in storage
with their cash value, and the
amount of money you owe the
bank. These figures determine your
ending bank balance. If the tinal
balance is at or above the $20,000
you started with, you've managed
to make money (or at least to break
even) and can be considered a good
farmer. If your balance is below
$20,000, you were not successful.

Playing Strategies

Those who playtested this simula-
tion during its developmental
stages commented that this game is
too much like real life — it's hard to
make any money. True, it's not too
easy to win, but it's not impossible
either. With some thoughtful plan-
ning and good decision making
(and maybe a little luck), you can
make some money and win. Here
are some suggestions that vrill help
you succeed.

The amounts of herbicide and
insecticide applied are crucial in
determining your crop's success. As
mentioned above, you should ap-
ply somewhere between 15-35
units per acre to get the best yield.
The data in the table will help you
decide if you've been applying
enough of these chemicals. In the
harvest cycle, the yield (in bushels
per acre) of each crop planted is dis-
played. The table shows what the
average yields of each of the three
crops should be. Other factors can
affect crop yields, but if you're get-
ting consistently poor results, check
to see if you've been applying
enough insecticide and/or
herbicide.

Your decision to sell or store
your crops will depend on the price
being paid for your crops at harvest
time. If it's below the base prices for
the crops shown in the table , or if
you just want to gamble on even
higher prices, you may want to
store some or all of your harvest.
But storing too much grain over a
period of years can easily lead to
bankruptcy, so be careful. Even
though you sell your crops on the

Crop

Base Price

Base Yield

Fuel Costs

Per Bushel

Bushel/Acie

Gallons/Acre

Wheat

$2.80

62

50

Com

$2.33

100

65

Soybeans

$6.30

31

60

futures market at planting time, you
won't receive payment until har-
vest time. So if your planting ex-
penses push you over the $50,000
limit, you'll be bankrupt and the
game will end.

Each of the three crops has its
own special characteristics which
you may want to consider at plant-
ing and selling time. Wheat and
soybeans are the least expensive
crops to plant while com is by far
the most expensive. However, your
chances for a bumper crop (and
therefore greater profit) are best
with a judicious com planting. Soy-
beans tend to be a steady producer,
but the prices can vary greatly. The
prices paid for wheat and com tend
to be the most steady.

Sometimes it will be necessary
to store most, if not all, of your har-
vest and hope for a better price on
the futures market in order to turn a
protit. In this case, it may be nec-
essary to go into debt temporarily
to make money in the long run.
Waiting for higher prices on the fu-
tures market can be a good way to
earn a handsome profit, but if prices
remain depressed for several years
in a row it can be very costiy (with
high crop storage fees and the in-
terest on your bank loan). Playing
the futures market can either make
a lot of money or result in
bankruptcy.

Typing In The Program

The Farm Game, originally written
for the 64, also mns on the VIC,
Plus/4, and Commodore 16. All
versions are in BASIC, so after typ-
ing in the program for your com-
puter, save it, and type RUN. You
should see the title screen within
seconds. If you own a VIC, be sure
to insert at least 16K memory
expansion. Plus/4 and Com-
modore 16 owners must type in the
Commodore 64 version and then
add the substitution lines in Pro-
gram 3.

If you'd rather not type in the
program, I'll make a copy (64 ver-
sion only). Send a tape (with at
least five minutes per side) along
with a self-addressed, stamped
mailer and $3 to:

Daniel M. Seurer

68W Schroder Rd., Apt. 5

Madison, Wl 53711

See program listings on page 130. •

COMPUTEfs ObzbUb October 1985 49

Turnabout

Mark Tuttle and Kevin Mykytyn

This fast-moving strategy game finds you in
quick retreat from the intelligent but unpredict-
able "whirligigs." Your only hope is to trap
them. For the Commodore 64. A joystick is
required.

From the moment you start, you're
running to escape the menacing
whirligigs, intelUgent boomerang-
like objects that home in and try to
destroy you. There's no time to
catch your breath. But surviving
isn't the real goal. As you avoid
them, you must be planning a strat-
egy to trap them.

Swinging Doors

Before beginning the game, be sure
to have a joystick plugged into port
2 on the 64. When the game starts,
you're positioned near the middle
of the screen, and the whirligigs be-
gin their relentless pursuit immedi-
ately. The screen has a gridlike
appearance with green lines con-
necting vertically aligned dots.
Each line represents a door you can
swing in any of four directions (up,
down, left, or right) provided the
space to which you push it is
vacant.

To swing a door, simply push it
away from you. (Fortunately, the
whirligigs cannot move the doors.)
There are two very good reasons
why you need the doors to work for
you: first, as temporary makeshift
barriers when the whirligigs are
very close on your tail; and second,
to box them in.

The whirligigs are almost pure
energy and must keep moving to

50 COMPUTE !s Gazette Oaobef 1985

survive. If one is forced into a sta-
tionary position for even the slight-
est amount of time, it disintegrates.
Thus, your job is to surround a
whirligig by hemming it in on all
four sides. Each whirligig must be
surrounded by four adjacent
doors — you won't destroy them if
you trap two or more together.

If you wish to pause the game
at any time, press SHIFT or SHIFT-
LOCK. Press it again to resume
play.

Increasing Difficulty

You begin the game at level 1 with
three lives. At this point, there are
only two whirligigs to contend
with, but two are a handful as you'll
see. By eliminating all whirligigs on
one level, you progress to the next
level and earn points, Each succes-
sive level (through 6) introduces
one extra whirligig. At levels 7 and
higher, the number of whirligigs re-
mains the same (seven), but their
speed increases while yours re-
mains the same.

Scoring is directly related to
the speed of your success. You re-
ceive 50 points for each whirligig
eliminated. If you succeed in com-
pleting a level, you are awarded
points equal to the time remaining
on the bonus timer plus an extra
100 points multiplied by the num-

ber of the current level. You do not
receive any points for just
surviving.

The bonus timer starts at a
number 100 times the current level
and slowly winds down. If it
reaches zero, the speed of both
your player and the remaining
whirligigs will increase until you
lose a man or clear the screen of
whirligigs.

The number of lives remaining
is represented by the figures at the
lower left of the screen. These fig-
ures include your current life. You
gain an extra life after the comple-
tion of two levels, but you can never
have more than three lives at any
point. If you advance two levels
and still possess three lives, you re-
ceive a bonus of 250 points. Any
contact with a whirligig results in
the loss of one life. The game is
over when you've exhausted your
supply of lives.

Two ■whirligigs are temporarily trapped,
but the thirii is hot on the player's trail.

Remember, whirligigs are ex-
tremely intelligent and never relin-
quish their pursuit. It is
recommended that you constantly
move about to temporarily confuse
the whirligigs, thus allowing time
to plan your strategy.

Typing It In

Since "Turnabout" is written en-
tirely in machine language, you must
use MLX to type it in, MLX is pub-
lished frequently in the GAZETTE.
First load and run MLX, then when
prompted for the starting and end-
ing addresses, enter 49152 and
51569, respectively.

After typing it in, be sure to
save a copy. To load, type LOAD
"filename",S,l and to run, enter
SYS 49152.

See program listing on page 124. ■

^^

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Includes a complete source editor with 80
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Atom Shoot

George F. Clement

The rules are simple, but you can't win without
some intelligent deductions— and maybe a little
luck. A challenging game of logic for the 64,
Plus/4, 16, and unexpanded VIC.

In this game, you're a physicist en-
gaged in important research into
subatomic particles. As part of the
research, you must find 25 quarlcs
within a superthin quartz crj'stal.

The rules are fairly simple: You
shoot atoms into the small crystal
(which is only 15 atoms wide, 10
atoms deep). If there are no quarks
blocking the path, the atom follows
a straight path and comes out the
other side. But if a quark is in the
way, the atom bounces away at a
right angle. And it's possible for
atoms to ricochet off several quarks.
They might even exit exactly oppo-
site the entry point, making it look
like the atom followed a straight
path.

If you think you've found a
quark, you can take a guess about
the quark's location and type. You
gain points for a correct guess, but
lose points if you're wrong. There
are more points available at the be-
ginning of the game, when fewer
atoms have been used up. You have
a supply of only 25 atoms, so they
must be used wisely. When you've
used them all, the game is over and
you'll be shown any quarks you
didn't find.

The

quarks act

like a two-sided

mirror:

Atom

New

Shot From

Direction

Left-Handed

Quarks

North

East

South

West

East

North

West

South

Right-Handed Quarks

North

West

South

East

East

South

West

Norih

Two Types Of Quarks

Atoms shot into the grid can be de-
flected by one of two kinds of
quarks, left-handed or right-hand-
ed. If you shoot an atom upward
(from south to north), a left-handed
quark changes the atom's direction
to the left (or west). A right-handed
quark deflects the atom to the right.

52 COMPUTEfs GazBtia October 1965

Typing Instructions

There are two versions of "Atom
Shoot," one for 40-column Com-
modore computers (64, Plus/4, and
16) and one for the 22-column VIC.

Illl.llli k

!

Some quarks can be found easili/— others
are more elusive (64 version).

Commodore 64 owners should en-
ter Program 1 and save to tape or
disk before running it. For the
Plus/4 and 16, type in Program I
(the 64 version), but substitute this
line:

10 COLOR0,1 iCOLOR4,l:POKE1344,
128:CLR:KB=239:POKE2025,255

The VIC version runs without
memory expansion. Remove or dis-
able memory, type in Program 2,
and save it to tape or disk. The rules

Jr

n

'i

1

Left-Handed Quarks

Right-Handed Quarks

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M Lineup . . . Activisioa

-Dennis Lynch
Computer Games

"A spectacular combination of

sigfit and sound. . .yot/!l lave

this game" "...no limit to the complexity.."

-Charles Aidai/Computer Entertain ment -Marc BandolphAIS A Today

"The unknown surprises lurking
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-Computer Entertainer Newdetter

" . . RoadBace is now the best
racing game on the market"
-Edward Semrad/Milw'aukce Journal

A spectacular journey through
space and time. The king is dead
and you must help the young
prince prove his mental and
physical worth. Reassemble the
ma^c lamps and return the mis-
chievous genies to their netful
place and the prince to the
throne. Designed by Russell
Liebhch and Peter Kaminsld.

Created for the Commodore
64/1 28, the Apple 0 series and
Atari 800, XE, XL and compat-
ible computer systems.

Enter Alca^ar The crowTi jewel
of castles in a mysterious moorish
landscape. To reach the coveted
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ancient castles. But beware, each
is filled to the turrets with fantasy,
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Tom Loughiy.

Created for the Commodore
64/128 and the Apple II scries.

An underground energy plant
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core, a tiny ghtch threatens a
transcontinental blackout. You
must assemble a force of skilled
robot commandos, investigate
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the shutdown activator counts
down to zero. Designed by
Creative Sparks.

Created for the Commodore
64/1 28 and the Apple D series.

Strap yourself in! You're about to
start the race of a lifetime. A high
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and, of course . . .your police
radar deteaon You just may drive
yourself into the top ten finisher
board at the end of the race.
Designed by Alex DeMeo.

Created for the Commodore
64/128, the Apple n scries and
Atari 800, XE, XL and compat-
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The Next Generation.

iJ Afih Cdh^mi C IMS AoMdEAkt

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ACTIVISION

HOME CO.MFUTER SOFTWARE

are somewhat different to accom-
modate the VIC's 22-column screen
and the smaller amount of memory.
See the VIC Programmer's Notes
for details.

Shoot Or Guess

You have three options at the be-
ginning of each round: shoot,
guess, or quit. Press S, G, or Q ac-
cordingly. If you choose to shoot, a
letter appears in the top left comer.
The letters start at A, and end at Y,
They represent the 25 atoms you
have in supply. Use the greater-

than (>) and less-than (<) keys to
move the letter around the edge of
the grid. When you've reached the
spot you've chosen, press RETURN
to shoot the atom.

The atom flies into the grid,
bounces off quarks, and exits at an-
other position, which will be
marked with the same letter. The
entry point will always be different
from the exit (except in the VIC ver-
sion— see Programmer's Notes).

After shooting an atom, you
again have the option of shooting
or guessing. Remember that the
early guesses are worth more

points. If you choose to guess, press
G. The computer asks where you
think the quark is: which column
and which row. Next, a pointer ap-
pears in the corner. Use the "<"
and ">" keys to position the point-
er to the type of quark you think
you've found. If the guess is right,
the quark appears on the grid. If
not, a checkerboard shape is
printed.

The Quit option ends the
game, with an invitation to play
again, The game also ends after you
shoot the last atom (letter Y). Either
way, the undiscovered quarks are

VIC Programmer's Notes

John Krause, Assistant Technical Editor

Atoms are so tiny that we can't see
them, but we know they exist. How
do we know? By observing the way
they affect other things.

In the VIC version of "Atom
Shoot," you try to deduce the posi-
tion of five atoms within an 8 X 8
matrix by bombarding the matrix
with electron beams, and observing
how they're affected by the atoms.
The object is to use the least num-
ber of beams.

When you run the program,
you'll see the space matrix in the
center of the screen. It appears as a
square array containing 54 possible
positions for the atoms. You send a
beam into the matrix by using the
joystick to move the cursor to one
of the 32 locations on the perimeter
of the matrix, and pressing the fire
button.

An Invisible Beam

Since electron beams are invisible,
you can't see the beam as it travels
through the matrix. All you see is
the end result. It takes about one
second for the beam to complete its
journey, at which point the com-
puter records the result by placing
color-coded squares on the
perimeter.

Once a beam enters the matrix,
three results are possible. One is
that the beam exits the matrix at
one of the other positions on the
perimeter. This is a miss. The beam

may go straight through to the oth-
er side, but if an atom is close to the
beam's path, the beam will be de-
flected as shown in Figure 1. It may
deflect off of several atoms before
finally exiting the matrix. A miss is
indicated by two red squares — one
marking the entrance and another,
the exit. To avoid confusing the
squares of one miss from those of
other misses, each miss is assigned
a unique letter, and the paired
squares are labeled with the corre-
sponding letter.

Another possible result is that
the beam doesn't exit the matrix.
This is called a hit and is indicated
by a purple square at the entrance.
It occurs when an atom is directly in
the beam's path as shown in Figure
2. The atom stops the beam by ab-
sorbing all of its energy.

A third possibility is that the
beam exits the matrix at the same
position that it entered, This is
known as a reflection, and it can
occur in two ways. One is if two at-
oms are on both sides of the beam's
path as in Figure 3. The beam de-
flects off of both atoms simulta-
neously, causing it to reverse
direction and retrace its path back
to the entrance.

A reflection can also occur if an
atom is adjacent to the entrance as
shown in Figure 4. In this case, the
beam barely enters the matrix
before being deflected back out.

Winning requires strategic shots and
logical thinking (VIC version).

Both types of reflections are indicat-
ed by a yellow square at the
entrance.

Only One Guess

You can guess the position of the
atoms at any time, but you get only
one guess. If you're wrong, you lose
the game, so it's best to wait until
you're pretty sure you know where
they all are. You make your guess
by placing atom markers on five of
the 64 positions within the space
matrix. A marker appears as a white
ball and is placed by moving the
cursor to the appropriate position
and pressing the fire button. If a
marker is already there, it will be
removed, allowing you to reposi-
tion a marker if you change your
mind.

You don't have to place all five
markers down at once. It's a good
idea to place one down as soon as
you think you know where an atom
is. Your guess is not complete until

S8 COMPUTE' 's Gezelta October 19B5

Yome Stumbled Into

M Unknown
Computer System

NowWhat?

WelcomeToThe Next Generation Of Home Computer Software.

'Tlunge into every hacker's dream'.'

—Rick Mann ing/Louisvilli: Times

". . . the most rr^steriousgame ever!'

-Rjiwson Stovall/'TEe Vid Kid"

"An open screen says 'logon please!
That's it, no instructions'.'

—Technology Notebook/Gannett News Service

Hader

TM

TEMPTrtnON.

SiniKrtilclmo g«toilartwtth,
"unebodydstfs ThaftltFram
mmputw syitwn. there, ffs up to you.
ti^"^' ■^Ifytx/redever

'Just like in real life, there are no rules, no clues,
no instructions."

-David Greisin^Ibchnology Memo

onait enough,!

VOUOHlfd

flKovwavwifW

I'^^mtfSx^ J!^w> never

What more can we say? Well,
someone as clever and smart as you
certainly wouldn't want any hints,
right? So all well say is it was created
by legendary designei; Steve Cartwright.

i.'raried/ar thr Cdmmoiiore 64fI^Ji,
Apple II aenei mndAtan #W, X£, XL

and compt^ttbit jyitenu.

JACTIVISIQN

HOME COMPLITER SOITWARE

The Next Generation.

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Premium DSDO 17 95 16 95 15 95

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50-1030 Apple-Anaftig . 29 95
72-4545 Trackball 29.95

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Fhp.fi-File 50 Lock 22.95

Flip-n-File Rom 17.25

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1902 Monilor ....CALL

1670 Modem CALL

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1541 Drive 189

MPS801 Printsr LOW

1702 Monitor ...199

Simon's Basic 24.75

Assembler 64 34.75

Super Expander 22.75

Logo 64 49.75

Pilot 64 38.75

Easy CalO 34 75

Easy Script 3B.75

SPINNAKER (C-64ROM)

Cosmic Life ROM 19 7S

J(jl<eboi 19.75

Ainhabet Zoo 17.75

All in Color Caves 19.75

Up tor Grabs ....,,,,,..19.75

Delta Drav^ing 19.75

Kids on Keys 16 75

Kmdercomp 54.75

Pacemaker 17.75

Fraction Fever 17.75

EASTERN HOUSE

Rabbit C-64 19 95

Rabbit VIC-SO 19 95

MAE C-64 ,,.27.95

Telstar 64 19.95

M.L. Monitor 64 ..,16,95

KOALA

(C-64)
Koala Pad 59.95

CARDCO

Digitizar Camera 189,95

32K Printer Suffer 59.95

Numeric Keypad 34,95

CB/5 5-slot Boar 0(64) ,54,00
Ca/2 2-slot aoard(64l 25.00

S'More Basic Rom 49.95

Wfile Now-64 35.00

Mail Now-64 ,,, .29,00

Spell t^ow-64 29,00

File Now-64 29.00

Paint Now.64 29.00

Calc Now-64 290O

Tax Survival 29.00

Super Printer Utility .27.95

Write Nov(-Vic-20 29.95

HES

HES Games 84 22.95

Omni Wfilor/Sooll 34.95

HES Mon 64 33.95

Microsoft Multlplan 55.00

Type N Write 19.95

TunieGraptiicsll 23 95

Call Defense 22.95

Paint Brush 12.95

TrI tilatti Z2.95

Graptiics Basic 27.95

HES Kit 29.95

Millionaire 23.95

64 Fonn 24.95

NFS Writer 64 24.95

CONTINENTAL

(C-64)

Home Accounlant 44.75

1984 Tax Advantage 35.75

1935 C-64 Boot of Sottwara 16 95

ADVENTURE

Dilkey 32.95

Ultra Disassembler 32.95

MICROPROSE (C-64)

Kennedy Approach 21.75

Crusade in Europe 24.75

Decision in Desert 24.75

Solo Fligtit 20.75

Nato Commander 20 75

Spitfire Ace 18.75

F-IS Sinke Eagle 20 75

Hellcat Ace 18.75

SCARBOROUGH (C-64)

Build A Book .2475

Irriproved Maslertype 23.75

NET WORTH 48,75

Mastertype Filer 22.75

SSI (C<64)

Colonial Conquest 24,75

Wings of War 24.75

Computer Ambush 34.75

FieWof Fire 24.75

Fighter Command 36 75

Kampfofuppe 36.75

Mecn Brigade 36.75

Market Garden 29.75

Six Gun Shootout 24.75

Computer Baseball 24.75

Computer Quarterback 24 75

Imperium Galactum 24.75

PbantasiB 24.75

Cartels & Cutthroats 24,75

50 Mission Crush 24.75

Questron 24,75

EPYX

(C-64)

Fast Load 26.75

Breakdance 23,75

Greatest Baseball 24.75

Summer Games 26.75

BATTERIES INCLUDED

Paper Clip. 59.95

Spell Pak 34.95

Consultant 59.95

Paper Clip

w/Spell Pal( 75,95

Home Pak 34.9S

Bus Card 129,95

80 Column Board 109.9S

BRODERBUND (0-64)
The Print Shop 29,75

Graphics Library 18.75

Graphics Library II 19.75

Karateka.. 19.75

Castles Dr. Creep 19.75

Bank St. Writer 32.75

LodBrunner..„... 20.75

Mask of the Son 24.75

Spelunker 19.75

Serpent's Star 24.75

Whistler's Brother 18.75

Raid Bungeling Bay 18 75

SUB LOGIC (C-64)

Flight Simulator ll... 32.75
Nigtil Mission Pmball 20 76

OR & D

Copy 0 27.95

GPC Printer Interface. ...65 00

PERSONAL PERIPHERALS

Super Sl<etch 64 32.75

Printer Utility, 18.75

AMERICA'S MAILORDER HEADQUARTERS

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Marketing & Consultants

SAVE :- PRINTERS

AXIOM

GP550AI (Alaii)
GP550CD C-64
GP550PC (IBMI
GP550AP (Apple]
GP700AT (Atari)
GP?OOAP (Apple)
ELITESCO (CM)
GP100AT (Atan)

C. ITOH

PROWRITER aSIOAP

B'jIOAP*

9510BPI

B&IOSP

abiOSR

B&10SCP

BSIOSCR

7500AP

750OAR

1550P

t550AP*

>550BCP

A 1 0-30 P

F10-4DP c S

F10-55P 0' S

FIO Tractor

FiO Sheel Feeder

239
239
2f9
269

433
439
229

CALL

279
299
309
375
12i
149
469
209
24 S
439
459
469
445
859
1039
159
249

CARDCO

T^K DUFFER (C-BJI

CITIZEN

MSP'IO
MSP- 15
MSP-20

MSP.2S

SheetWr (tO,'20) .
Sheetldr )l5.'25i

59

269
449
449
569

183
18S

JJKI

Ju>M 6tOO
RS232 Serial Boar a
6100 Tiaclor
6100 Sriost Feeder
Juki 6300

OKIDATA

375
55
119
209
765

680

lOSO
1360
1365

CORONA

LP300 Laser Primer 2699
200361 Toner CarlnBge 99

EPSON

Lxag (NEW)

FX90*
FX10O-
JXSO Color
RX1O0

MOMEWRirES 10 (NeAj
CR220 [C-64)
LO1500 Par
LO1500 Sei .
HIBO Color PiDller

811 1 mate 10
niTiate 20
182
192
193
92P
93P
a4P
92 Imagewrjter

*1BM ver5ons also

CALL
CALL
.216
349
565
349
565
645
349

PlJ.lO
P351

225
349
479
489
369
CALL
159
S99
1059
379

BROTHER

HRr5XLP
HR.15XLS

HR-35P
Hf1-3SS
2024 L-P

Mt009-P

359
359
839
B39
949
169

D25

630API

63oecs

D801F
P32C01

C150

LEGEND

199
226
265
299

DIGITAL DEVICES

16K BUFFER 75

32K BUFFER B9

64K BUFFER 125

TOSHIBA

559
1289

MICROaiTS

MiciosluKor 99

DIABLO

549
1599
1759
2395

699
1749

999

t091.

1090
1092
1093
3151 Lellor

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SILVER REED

EXP400 219

EXP6O0

EXP550
EXP770

STAR MICRONICS

SG-tO 21S

SG 15 375

SO 10 339

SD-15 415

SR'-O 465

SR-15 585

Powertvpe 305

SB-10 CALL

SGiOC.64 iNEW) CALL

MONITORS

DRIVES

INTERFACING

AMDEK

SAKATA

300 Green ,,..

125

SGI 000 12 Green

99

300 Amber .

139

SA1000 12' Amoer

109

310 Amber IBM .

155

SG15Q0 12 Gieen TTl

119

CoiDi 300 Audio

245

SAJ5D0 12 A-noet TTL

129

Color 500 CompDsite

369

SCiOO 13 Color Comp

209

Color 600

4i?9

SC200 13 RGB

389

Color 700

495

srsi TiH siana

29

Color 710

569

NEC

PRINCETON GRAPHICS 1

J -1260 Green

95

MAX-12 Amber

189

J -1201 Green,

135

HX12HGS

475

J ; 1215 Color

SR12flGB

599

JC 1216 RGB

375

JC1460 Color

. 265

JB-t205 Amber

.139

X-TRON

Cofncolot 1 Cniu[>n\.ie Green

186

PANASONIC

OT 1300 RG1 cortiposile

299

TAXAN

115 t; Green Comoosiie

CALL

ZENITH

116 12 Ambei Comoosile

Mil

ZVM 122A AmbBi

84

121 12 CrMn TTL

ZVM 123G Green

75

122 12 Amber TTL

145

ZVM 124 Amber IBM

129

220 !■! Colo- Compos 1e

25f

ZVM 131 Color

275

J 10 12 SGBM. flesiBM

329

ZVM 133 RGB

389

JJO 1? flOe Super Mi IBM

409

ZVM 135 Composite

449

■uo 12 RGB Uii-a Hi Res

569

ZVM l36HiHesColDf

589

Till siana

35

MSD

501 Drive (C-64)

502 Drive tC-64i

229

469

INDUS

GT ATARI

GT COMMODORE

...215
235

QRD

GPC (C64)

CARDCO

GWii (C-64)

CCB (C64) 39

AXIOM

S9 ParallBi (C-64| 65

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Con n eel ion (C -61} 55 Giiicp'O' CD (G.64) 79

MODEMS

HAYES

SMARTMODEM 300 139

SMARTMODEM 1200 379

SMARTMOtJEM 1200B ... 349
SMARTMODEM 2400 ... 599
MICROWQDEM HE ... . 135

ANCHOR

Vo4(5rTKidem 65

toiiis.iwaeni )2 186

.•.lark 12 2»

NOVATION

IBIjI 300,'12<K) NlS-tXJS BXt .
IBM 300(1200 CPM-B6 eil
IBM 300yi2(Xi,'?a» exl
IBM 300,'1200|24M MS-DOS
IBM MS-DOS mt

IBM CPM.66 int

MAcrrxxJem 3OQ/120Q' ...
MacmoiMm 300/1200/2400 .

Ap^CMU

Upyada /Vppig Cat ll

319
319
529
579
325
328

.315
585

.219
226

TELE LEARNING

Total ToJotMmmunicationS

(C.64) 29 95

AP.250 (300 Baud Ajjpte) .. . 69 95

IB.280 lUO Blue! IMBj . m9i

WESiniDGE MODEM (C-M) 59

MITEV MO MODEM (C-64| 69

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printed to the screen in a different
color.

Strategies

At the beginning of the game, shoot
along the edges. Quarks there are
usually easier to find.

Don't waste atoms shooting
from a known exit point. Exits and
entries are symmetrical (if you
shoot from location A and the exit is
at location B, then shooting from B
will always end up at A), Pathways
are also unique; each entry point
has a single exit point which no

other entry point shares.

Pay attention to the rime the
atom takes between entry and exit.
Longer pathways take more time.

It helps to keep track of which
pathways have been "solved,"
Write down the letters A-Y and
cross them out when you discover
an explanation for each path. When
more quarks are discovered, go
back and see if you can trace
through the unsolved pathways.

Although it's possible for an
atom to bounce off eight (or more)
quarks, assume that there are only
one or two bounces, until you're

proven wrong. Go for the simplest
hypothesis as it's often correct.

You may encounter a frustrat-
ing situation: All pathways seem to
be explained, but you've discov-
ered only 24 of the 25 quarks. In
such a case, look for a path that
crosses itself. There may be a quark
at the intersection. When the atom
reaches that point, it bounces the
other way rather than traveling
straight through.

It's not always possible to find
every quark through logic alore.
But with reason and a little luck,
you can usually solve the grid.
See program listings on page 128.

the fifth marker is in place.

The moment of truth comes
when you place that fifth marker.
The computer compares the ar-
rangement of the markers with that
of the atoms and indicates whether
all five positions match. If they
don't match, you lose. If they do
match, however, then you guessed
correctly and your score is the num-
ber of beams used. This number is
displayed at the top of the screen
along with the low score.

Figure 1

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Figure 3

Figure 2

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Figure 4

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60 COMPUTEfs Gazette Odober 1985

MSD Sure Copy

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Gradebook

Stephen Levy and Kevin Mykytyn

A gradebook is an important recordkeeper for a
teacher. An electronic gradebook is an efficient,
convenient, and even more valuable organiza-
tional tool. This all machine language program—
which includes some of the features of databases
and spreadsheets — handles up to 70 students
with 100 grades each. It also alphabetizes names,
averages weighted grades, and much more. For
the Commodore 64.

Schools continue to buy computers
for students. But teachers need the
time-saving convenience offered by
computers as much as anyone.
"Gradebook," designed especially
for teachers, is a utility that effi-
ciently handles classroom record-
keeping, replaces the periodic
drudgery of averaging grades, and
is easy to use.

Gradebook keeps a record of
up to 100 grades for as many as 70
students in one file. In addition, the
program will average grades, dis-
play them to the screen, sort (by
name or grade), and print out the
results.

A Great Big Work Sheet

When Gradebook is first run, you'll
see a work sheet filled with mean-
tngless characters. Press
SHIFT-CLR/HOME to clear the
work sheet. A gray screen with six
columns filled with asterisks then
appears. What you're seeing is a
window on a much larger work
sheet. The top row contains the as-
signment number, one per column.
If you could view the entire work
sheet, you'd see that it contains 101
columns, the first one for student
names and the next 100 for individ-
ual assignments.

Press the cursor-left/ right key
so that the cursor is anywhere in
the column for assignment 1. Now
press the cursor-up/down key a

few times. Notice how easy it is to
move around the work sheet. If you
move the cursor to the far right col-
umn and press cursor-left/right, all
columns scroll to the left to make
room for the next column. Pressing
SHIFT-cursor-left/right moves the
cursor left, and SHlFT-cursor-up/
down moves it up,

The left-arrow key (at the up-
per left on your keyboard) func-
tions like a "toggle," and enables
you to move at fast or normal
speeds around the work sheet. To
move quickly, press the left-arrow
key once. Now each time you press
one of the cursor-movement keys,
you'll move five rows or columns.
To return to single-step movement,
press the left-arrow key again.

Anytime you wish to move to
the top left of the work sheet, press
CLR/HOME.

Entering Names And Grades

Move the cursor to the upper-left
corner of the work sheet by press-
ing CLR/HOME. The cursor now
appears as a long white bar in the
column for names, Each name must
start on the left margin, so be sure
not to type a space as the first char-
acter. There's no need to type
names in alphabetical order be-
cause the program will do that for
you (see below). Be sure to enter
last names first if you wish to have
students alphabetized by last

Student names may be entered in any
order, and grades may be typed in and
edited at any time.

IKfe 1 1 1 1

A single keypress alphabetizes names,
another keypress produces the final
average and weighted average.

names. After entering a student
name, press RETURN or cursor-
up/down to enter another. Do not
leave blank lines between names —
each name must immediately fol-
low the one above.

Before you can enter grades for
an assignment, you must first enter
the perfect mark {a whole number
between 0 and 200) and percentage
(weight) of grade for the assign-
ment. To begin entering individual
grades, move to the cell (column
and row coordinate) for the student
and assignment number you want
to enter. All grades must be whole
numbers between 0 and the perfect
mark you've determined for that
assignment. To change a student
name or grade, go to the appropri-
ate location and type it in. It will

COMPUTEVs Ga7eftB October 1985 65

Names

Eff

fiiiin.iix

jS

-V.Wl

i

I

t:

III

4

I

i

With Gradebook, your screen becomes a window on a workspace with an effective area

of more than 1 7 square feet.

automatically replace the old data.
If you make an error while entering,
use the INST/DEL key as you nor-
mally would to erase the previous
character.

Calculating Grades

At the top of each column is dis-
played the assignment number and
a place to enter the perfect mark
and the percentage (weight) of the
grade.

The program uses the perfect
mark value for each assignment to
calculate a percentage grade for
I each mark. This feature offers an

66 COMPUWs GazettB October 1985

added convenience: You don't have
to figure all grades on a 100 percent
base. You can enter a mark based,
say, on the actual number of correct
answers.

Percentage of grade allows you
to give different weights to various
tests, finals, midterms, and so on.
For example, suppose you give seven
tests during a quarter. Two of the
seven are unit tests which count
more heavily than the other five.
All you need to do is assign a higher
percentage for the unit tests. Note,
however, that the total of all the
percentages of grades must equal

100. In our example, we might have
the two unit tests each count as 25
percent of the total and the other
five tests each count as 10 percent
(25, 25, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, for a 100
percent total).

Once the perfect marks and
percentages of grades are entered,
press the £ key to calculate grades.
You'll get two types of calculations.
Ave is the unweighted average (all
marks are added together and di-
vided by all the perfect marks
added together,) Fin is the weighted
average, which is calculated with
this formula;

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But h you phone us, alt details can tie divulged.

Phone Toil-Free: 1-800-328-0609

PLENTY OF SOFTWARE AVAILABLEI Tttousartds upon thousands ol pro-
grams are available lor it from computer stores across the nation.

FDR BUSINESS! This is an ideal eoiry level business computer. Use the
computer for word processing, data base, accounts payable/receiv-
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mailing lists . . . and mucti, MUCH morel

FOB EOUEATIOHI Perlecl lor everyone Irom Ph.D. candidates to pre-
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FOR HOMEI Use tor analysis ot personal investments, income tax plan-
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Original
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YOUR
COST

64K COMPUTER

ll»mH.O1B03B5JOO

*200.00

$99

DISK DRIVE

Hem M aia B3BS3 01

*269.00

M48

PRINTER

Item H-61 8.6383 too

»200.00

<116

We retervc the

rlghtteUmit TOTAL

quantity pur- ' "■**»-

cAattl.

»669.00

$365

COMPUTER

64K RAM 2QK ROM itandard
(includes oporAiingav^ttemiDnd
BASIC intsrpraterli- T«xt char-
acTers. High rBSOlution graph-
ics, 320 J( 200 pJxali. Music syn-
thcsizgr prcxii;cQi 3 indopen-
dcrnt vo\qb%. onch with a rai^ge
of 9 ociawet.

TypnwritAi' kflvtKisrd with 66
kayt for upp«r and lowtir cavfl
le titer*. numarAls, lymbolt, ra-
varts c^aractffri, 2 cursor con-
trol heyi . 4 function keyi, pro-
fjrammabla to 8. Input/output
ports tor uiflr^ sBria), ROM car-
trrdge, 2 joyitick/ paddles, vi-
deo, CB»eti«drJv« interlace ^ 1 6
backgroufid. border, char>ctar
co'lori.

DISK DRIVE

Inifllligent, high-ipaed. Exter-
nal B'/i" lloppy (Hsktillu racor-
dar, 2K ftAM. fflK ROM. M«KJ»
mum BiDragn of 170K, lormat-
tod data; 3b iracko. Ui«fl single
sided, sing lo dantlty disk, Serial
interface. Second Mrialpofitor
chaining second driva or printer.
Oala transfer rata of 400 bylai
p'Or second.

DOT MATRIX
PRINTER

Bi -directional 6x7 dat matirin
impact prtntar. BO characleri
per sficond, Hat upper and kiw-
ar case leiteri, numerals and
synibols. Ali PET graphic char-
acters. Standard Iriction faad.
Maximum of 80 columns width,
dot addressable. CBM ASCII
character codas. Original plus
maximum of two copied. Paper
widih:4.&"ioB.S".Siio;13"W
X 8 D X 3V*"H. Weight: 6V^ lbs.
Power raquiremants: 120 vohs
AC. 60 Hi.

Factory Recondittoned
With Factory Warranty.

*NOTE: If you do not havea monitor, you can use
i^ur TV as a display unit. The computer coines
already to be hooked up to your TV.

m

Crvdti card cuttorriBn c*n Drdar by (jhone,

ToikFree: 1-800-328-0609

Your chaCk ta waIcotus*

Ho dtiavi m Ofdari paid by check.

C.O.M.B. CO.'

Authorized Liquidator

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S*nd the toilowing itenis: (Indicate qiHivntity ol eocti]:
SdK Computerlsl Item H-61SG3&53-00 ftt 599 each

plus &G eech for shipping, haridling.
Disk Drive{s> Item H-&ia'63553-Ol at S14a each plus

»B each for shipping, handiine,
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cuflCh for shipping, hendling.
(Minn«so1>P rsildantv add 6% tales tax. Allow 3-4 vwqks for
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Charga: G hflailerCardf U VISA H Am Ejc. O Dinars Club

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City -

Sign hero -

mark#l * weight mark#2 * weight
. +

perfect mark

perfect mark

mark #3 ' weight

+ and 80 on

perfect mark

If the total percentage of
grades doesn't add up to 100, you
won't get a figure in the Fin col-
umn. Also, any student missing a
grade will not have an average in
the Fin column.

Press any key to return to the
work sheet.

Deleting Grades And Names

Let's say you decide that all the
grades for a single assignment
should be eliminated. First, move
the cursor anywhere on the column
of grades to be deleted and press
CTRL-D. When prompted, press C
for column. Asterisks will fill the
column. Now, you can either ig-
nore them or reuse the column.

Likewise, if a student leaves
your class and his or her grades are
no longer needed, move the cursor
to the row containing the student's
name and press CTRL-D. But this
time, when prompted, press R for
row. Instantly, the row disappears
and all rows below are moved up.

Deleting grades can serve an-
other very useful purpose. At the
end of each quarter or grading peri-
od, you can load in a work sheet
from disk or tape {see below for
loading instructions). Delete all
grades, column by column, as dis-
cussed above. Then either enter
new grades for the new quarter or
save out just the names for later
use. By saving the names using a
different filename on disk or on an-
other tape, you'll preserve the
grades from the past quarter for fu-
ture reference.

To delete a single grade, re-
place it with an asterisk. To delete
all entries, both names and grades,
press SHIFT-CLR/HOME. Use all
delete commands carefully, as data
recovery is impossible.

Saving And Loading

Once you've entered some names
and grades and are ready to save
the file, press CTRL-S. You'll be
prompted for a filename (12 charac-
ters maximum) and asked to press T
or D for tape or disk. If you use a
filename that's already on your

68 COMPUTE!' 3 Gazette October 1985

disk, it will be replaced by this new
file.

Remember to save anytime you
enter new names or grades. And it's
best to use a different filename each
time you save.

Loading is also easy: Just press
CTRL-L and answer the prompts.

Printing And Sorting

Gradebook will print out any col-
umn to any Commodore printer (or
any Commodore-emulating print-
er). To print a column, move the
cursor to the desired column and
press CTRL-P. Be sure your printer is
turned on before pressing CTRL-P.
Otherwise, Gradebook will print to
the screen, scrambling the format
you've set up.

If you ask for a column of
grades, the name of each student
will appear with the student's grade
for that one assignment. If the cur-
sor is in the column of student
names and you ask for a printout of
the column, you'll get a list of stu-
dent names.

To get a printout of all student
averages, press £ to go to calcula-
tions. Once the averages are dis-
played, press CTRL-P.

CTRL-A will sort any column.
Move the cursor to the column with
the student names, press CTRL-A,
and the names will be sorted in aL
phabetical order. And the grades
will move to the proper row. Place
the cursor in a column of marks and

press CTRL-A, and that list will be
arranged in descending order.
Again, all corresponding data will
be rearranged.

The sorting function gives
Gradebook flexibility. You could
sort assignment 1 and then print
out all the student grades for as-
signment 1. This would give you a
list of names and grades, sorted by
grades from highest to lowest. You
can save multiple files with the
same data, but sorted and arranged
in different ways,

Gradebook has only a few
commands, but, as with any pro-
gram, it takes a little getting used to.
The first few times you use the pro-
gram, refer to the table of com-
mands. Once you've used it a bit,
you'll find that entering and aver-
aging grades will be quick and easy.

Typing It In

Gradebook is written entirely in
machine language, so you must use
"MLX," the machine language en-
try program published frequently
in the GAZt^TTE, After typing in and
saving MLX, run it and enter the
following information when
prompted:

Starling address; 49152
Ending address: 32259

Once Gradebook has been
saved to disk or tape, load it with

LOAD "filenatne",8,l for disk
or

LOAD "filename" for tape

where filename is the name used to
save Gradebook using MLX. Once
the file is loaded, type NEW, press
RETURN, and enter SYS49152 to
activate the program.
See program listing on page 138.

Gradebook Command Summary

CTRL-A
CTRL-D
CTRL-L

CTRL-P

CTRL-S

SHIFT-CLR/HOME

£

curs or- left/right

SHIFT-cursorleft/right

Cursorup/down

SHIFT-cursorup/down

CLR/HOME

Sort row or column
Delete row or column
load names and grades

from tape or disk
Print row oi column
Save names and grades to

tape or disk
Delete all entries
Calculate averages
Move cursor right
Move cursor left
Move cursor down
Move cursor up
Move cursor to upper left
Toggle cursor speed control

FASTER?

EASIER?

MORE POWERFUL?

"If languages interest you, this one is well worth a look.,, It's inexpensive to tiy.
You may find that it's just what you have been looking for,"

-Jim ButUrfldd COflFVITI

"1 can recommend a beOer. fa^er, and cheaper progrBmming language.

it's a flashy little European import called COPIAL..

the most user-friendly language around."

- War* Braum, ItifO 64

"...overall COrtAL averages out to about three times faster than BASIC"

- ioTtn WHshL MICHO

"combines some of the best features of languages like Logo, Modula, Pascal,
and Ma in an ea^-to-use fomrat"

-MtOVI

XONAL was just what 1 was looking for."

- Colin Thompton. Klff

Where else do you get all this,,.

The complete COPlAl 0.14 System for Commodore 64"" includes

the Tutorial Disk* (teaches you the fundamentals of COMALh plus

the Auto-Run DEMO Disk* (demonstrates 26 COmL programs

Including games, graphics, sprites and sounds),

all for just $7.00.

You can add the reference book, COMAL from A to Z.

for just $4.00 more.

$7 or $11 - either way you're a winner!

COnAL STARTCRS KIT

as raUd by The Book of ComBradora 64 Softtrue 19W.

Overall Rating A A Heltabitlty

Ease of Use A A Error fiandllng
Documentation A A Value for Mor\ey

rubllshal bg Amsf. lac. The Book Dtaaloit

if you want only the best, get the COPIAL Cartridge Pak.
Includes: 64K COI>IAL Cartridge, 2 boohs, and 5 demo disks-
Over $140.00 value - now only $89.95 plus $4.00 shipping

for more information or to place an order call (60S) 222-4432.
Visa or Master Card accepted.

All orders prepaid - no CO.D.
Send check or money order In U.S. dollars loi

pOMAL USERS CROUP, U.S.A., LIMITED

6041 Monona Drive, "104. Madison, Wl 53716
phone: (608) 222-4432

•SnipmtnB mji/ /ndluifF 3 dlila of progrims on I dofiHl itilnl llUtttu^

MUST LIQUIDATE

Commodore Compatible
Total Telecommunications'"

Qaality!

LlinitDtl
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• Access the stock market, take
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• For Commodore 64K or SX64!

• Has moriular Sacks for quick, easy
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• Works on Touch Tone" and Rotary
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Liquidation due to an overstock! This single
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Super-irtelligent software is completely menu-
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Fealurei: 30K soltware tiufter. 300 Baud, auto
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downloaded files. Captures and displays Higti
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of log-or lime. ASCII or Commodore charac-
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tor, and disk drrve or SX64.

NOTE: Prico Includsi triat >ub>criplian io ovsi G2
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The Evelyn Wood Dynamic Reader

Whatever criticism speed-reading has
received, the fact remains that it has a
valid purpose. Much of our reading is
perfunctor)', and it would be nice to get
through it more quickly. No one is go-
ing to suggest reading King Lear or The
Sound and the Fury using the Evelyn
Wood method, but anyone who has
ever waded through a poorly written
feasibility study, or an encyclopedia ar-
ticle from which you want only one
fact, knows how time-consuming and
boring such things can be. Speed-reading
can help improve both speed and com-
prehension, allowing us to make more
efficient use of our reading time.

Billed as "Personal Improvement"
softwarej the Eveiiju Wood Di/natnic
Reader uses your 64 as a speed-reading

instructor. A detailed, informative man-
ual explains the techniques, goals, and
functions of the Evelyn Wood concept
of dynamic reading. The basic training
includes making use of your index fin-
ger as a "pacer," and teaching your
eyes to move where you want them to.
The idea is to eliminate the tendency to
reread, usually caused by allowing the
mind to wander. Speed-reading is
mostly an exercise in intensive concen-
tration, and this Timeworks program
provides the appropriate materials.

Each person using the Dyuamic
Reader must use his own data disk, on
which the program records his pro-
gress. You begin by reading one of the
ten passages provided in a book of
readings; the computer times you and

BACKUP
PROTECTED SOFTWARE

with COPY II 64"

FtDrn the team who fit^t brought you COPY II PLUS (Apple), COPY II PC
(IBM) and COPY 11 MAC (Maciiito.sli) comes a revolutionary new copy
profJram for the Commodore 64, COPY II 64!

• Copies most* protected software — automatically.

• Copies even protected disks in just 3'/2 minutes,

• Maximum of four disk swaps on a single drive.

• Copies half and full iracLs.

• Requires just one 1541 drive on the Commodore 64.

Call M-F 8-5:30 {W. Coast time) with your 2S 39 : 503/244-5782.
Or .send a check {add S3 s/h, $8 overseas) to

CENTRAL POINT
Software, Inc.

97()l)S\VCa|ijI(j| ihvv. "100
Portliuid, OK 97219

' W« uiHliile Copy II f)4 reglilarlv Iti humlk'. new proleclioiis; ymi as ii rcyistfrad owner may update al any
time far 1/2 price! (Ti) iifxlulf. just send original disk ami S2().)

7Ji/i pfDilmi ui fmia'ttnt for the iHirpitse of cmibliiiij mti iti iiiiike iiKhiial mpies miy

$39.95

70 COMPUTEfs Gaiono Octotjer 1985

presents a ten-question quiz to test your
comprehension. The program then re-
cords the results— reading speed and
comprehension — on your data disk and
displays them on the screen. Referring
to these results, you set speed and com-
prehension goals for yourself, and the
date by which you want to attain them.
For example, if you're currently reading
at 300 words per minute (about aver-
age), with a 70 percent comprehension
rate, you may decide you want to attain
450 words per minute and an 85 per-
cent comprehension rate at the end of
five weeks. You enter this, and the pro-
gram stores it on the data disk.

Each time you perform a reading,
the program updates your progress.
You can ask for a progress report when-
ever you wish; the screen displays a
graph of the results of each reading, or
you can dispense with the graph and
just view the numbers. There are ten
passages in the Readings book and ten
more on the disk. While there is no pro-
vision for entering your own readings,
there arc detailed instructions for work-
ing with outside sources and keeping
the results meaningful. We can hope
that Timeworks will provide periodic
disks full of new readings, if only to
keep us in practice.

In addition to the Readings and Re-
ports, the Dynamic Reader offers sever-
al typos of skills and drills. The Phrase
test, for example, displays a phrase fol-
lowed by several one-Hne sentences.
Only one of the sentences contains the
exact phrase, while the others each
have a close approximation. When you
see the sentence with the exact phrase,
you type the corresponding number be-
side the .sentence and the computer
keeps track of your time. In addition to
Phrase tests, there are Character and
Word tests, and Eye exercises. The drills
force you either to reread a passage in
progressively less time, or to read pro-
gressively more material in a given
amount of time.

If you set a regular schedule (daily
or every other day) and stick to It, the
Eveiyn Wiwd Dynamic Reader can help
your reading. Like all personal im-
provement programs, though, whether
computerized or not, it will be effective
only if you make such a commitment.
But this program is detailed and highly
useful, and it is designed to be easy to

use. If you're interested in increasing
your reading speed and comprehen-
sion, the Dynamic Reader is wortli a
serious look.

—Neil Randall

Tmieu'orks, Itw.
444 lake Cook Rd.
DecrfieUi, !L 60035
$49.95 (disk)

PROMAL

PROMAL, tiie PROgrammers Micro
Application Language, is a program de-
velopment system for the Commodore
64. In addition to the PROMAL lan-
guage— similar in structure to C or
Pascal — several utilities for writing and
debugging programs are included in the
package, as well as complete documen-
tation and a tutorial to help get you
started.

You enter programs (as source
code) via the Editor, which is as good as
some commercial word processors.
Block moves and deletes are achieved
through highlighting, and editing com-
mands such as global search and re-
place are supported. The use of each
function key is displayed in a window
at the bottom of the screen. To assist
you in remembering the commands, a
help screen is available at all times.

The language allows complex con-
structs such as IF-THEN-ELSE and
RE PEAT- UNTIL. There are 45 Library
commands which handle most of the
input/output. One strong feature of
PROMAL is the ability to direct output
to any one of many devices. Included
on the program disk are a set of mathe-
matical and trigonometric functions, a
set of RS-232 commands, and a series
of relative file commands. In comparing
PROMAL to other languages and com-
pilers, it stands up to SMA's claim that
it runs 70-200 percent faster than other
languages for the 64.

The PROMAL Executive operating
system replaces the BASIC interpreter
within the computer. From the Execu-
tive, you control the entire PROMAL
system. The Executive's 24 commands
allow you to display areas of memor\',
access files, and manage the system.
There is also a complete help screen.

PROMAL includes a very fast,
one-pass compiler. It takes a source file
as input and generates an object file, a
program. If the compiler finds an error,
it stops and asks if you want to edit the
program. The compiler also supports
recursion. When it finishes compiling, it
gives a byte count and returns you to
the Executive. To run the program, just
type its name. If PROMAL doesn't find

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The documentation is a 200-plus
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Overall, PROMAL is a very good

addition to any 64 programmer's librarj'.

— Tom Emerson

Systems Management Associates (SMA)
3700 Computer Dr.
Dept. MP-1
Raleigh, MC 27609
$49.99 disk

The Argos Expedition

Since playing games is a social activity,
it seems a bit strange that solitaire gam-
ing is so popular. A controversial issue
in gaming magazines for the past de-
cade, solitaire play has been encour-
aged by electronic games of all types.
There is a reason for this: if you want a
computer game to sell, it must have a
solitaire option.

The Argos Expedition is thus a bold
experiment. It encourages cooperation,
and it does not include a solitaire mode.
Playable by two, three, or four players,
only with four does it show its full po-
tential. Its subtitle, "Work Together to
Conquer the Final I'rontier," sums up
the game's purpose quite nicely. The
Argos Expedition demands that players
work together.

The game is graphically excellent.

and it includes a lovely theme song
reminiscent of "Chariots of Fire," The
players control a spaceship whose goal
is to track down alien artifacts and bring
them back to mission control. The first
player uses the keyboard, the second a
joystick, and the other two use paddles.
(This is probably the game's only seri-

n"SAHm

for everyone in your family, ,

No disk drive necessary? [E

IVIenu driven? 0

Fiexibie, powerfui, practicai? ^ fnr tko CRA
AHordabie? 0 '"' "'*^ ** "^

ALL-IN-1

DECIStON MAKING

• Choosing a family car?

• Considering vacation alternatives?

• Build decision models

FiNANCE

• Compute loans and investments

• Compute payment schedules

• Menu driven

COMMUNICATiONS

• 300/1200 BAUD

• Access information systems

• Complete parameter setting

CALCUUMIONS

• Checkbook balancing

• Insert formulas

• Full screen display

AroMmre solutions

575 E -REMINGTON, NO. 9H » SUNNYVALE, CALIFORNIA M0B7

fl

D SI 9.95 (Disk) nS24.95(Cart.)

Add $3.00 Shipping and Handling

Enclose Check or Money Order Payable to
PROWARE SOLUTIONS

Name

Address
Cily

SignaturB

Stale .

Z?p.

ous limitation, since not everyone has
paddles.) To capture the artifact and
avoid obstacles, the players have to use
their controls together. The game
makes creative use of sound and graph-
ics to make the cooperation both chal-
lenging and exciting.

But players also have a secret per-
sonal goal, determined by selecting a
"goal" card before the mission starts.
They're forced throughout the game to
weigh personal goals against the needs
of the overall mission. The game de-
signers want to demonstrate that this is
what social activity is about, and they
succeed admirably. Players bid with
each other to conduct tests, and at some
points they may have to burn an artifact
to get energy for the ship. The ad-
vanced game includes a secret goal
called space sickness, which further
complicates matters.

The game requires a lot of thought
for all four players. Designed for an age
group from 10 to 16, it should appeal to
older groups as well. With its demand
for cooperation in the face of personal
advancement, it's a perfect investment
for schools and gaming clubs.

— Neil Randall

Children's Television Workshop
CBS SofUvare
One Fawcett Place
Greenwich, CT 06S36
S34.95 (disk)

COMMON STOCK ANALYSIS
WITH VOUn COMPUTER

WALLSTREET MICROSCOPE

Available lor: Commodore-64:
Apple ll<, ME, II C; IBM and Compatibles

• Slocks Judged by 10 Criteria

• 5 By Price (Cap Gains Potenlial)

• 5 By Financial Slablllty (Safety)

• Criteria Values May Be Set By User

Eight Computer Programs
Thorough Oocumentallon

Comes Complete Wllh

1500 Company Data Base

$135."

lUpdales Available By Subscriplfoni

• Search Capabailillos • Market Averages

• Single or Batch > Graphics
Processing

DEMONSTRATION OISK-$10

($13-C.0.0.}

Order Demo Direct or From Vour Dealer.

(Dealer Inquiries Invited)

"As a Powerful Financial Planntrtg Tool,
Wallslroat Microscope Is Top— Notch . . .
Wallttreet Microscope Gives You Your
Money's Worth And Mare— As a Pellable,
Camputarlzed Slock Manager and
Forecaster. "

(T^e Beak of CommoJore 6J Soilwarra 1985)

WALLSTREET CORP.

Call: (402) 390-3372 (24 Hrs.) tor C.O.D.

Write: 1438 South 7Gth Street

OmahH, NE B8124

Know Your Own LQ./Know Your
Own Personality

"Self-enrichment software" is hot right
now, and Bantam enters the field with
two programs for the 64 on the same
disk— Kttoty Your Own LQ. and Know
Your Own Personality. I.Q. (intelligence
quotient) is a very controversial topic.
Experts don't agree on what intelli-
gence means, how it should be tested,
or even if it exists. However, this test
was developed by two of the best in the
field of human intelligence, H. ]. Eysenck
and Glenn Wilson.

Like other I.Q. tests, Know Your
Own I.Q. is very tough. People who
consider themselves geniuses may be in
for a rude awakening. The program
contains four I.Q. tests. Each has 40
questions, which must be completed in
30 minutes (there's a time clock on-
screen). Some of the questions are ver-
bal, others are graphic. Results can be
printed out.

Bantam wants you to know your
I.Q., but they don't want to hurt any-
one's feelings. You only receive a spe-
cific numerical score if your I.Q. falls
between 100 and 130. The computer
will Inform you if you've scored below
or above that range, but it won't tell you
the exact score. So the smartest and
dumbest people don't learn their I.Q.

The real power of this test is that it
can be used to practice for future I.Q.
tests. Unlike others, this one tells you
the correct answers afterward and tells
you why each answer was correct.
When you read the explanations, you
can learn how to get the same question
right on an I.Q. test in school or at
work. This program can possibly help
you raise your I.Q. score, though Ban-
tam never mentions this with the
program.

In Know Your Own PerBonaiiti/, the
computer asks 210 yes/no questions
("When climbing stairs, do you gener-
ally take them two at n time?") to test
for three personality traits: Extra vers ion/
Introversion, Emotional Stability/
.Adjustment, and"Tough-/Tender-
Mindedness. At the end of the test
you're presented with bar charts com-
paring your various traits, and a para-
graph describing your personality.

Like the I.Q. test, the personality
lest may bring bad news. You may find
out, "You have a low opinion of your-
self. You believe you arc an unattractive
failure. You are characteristically pessi-
mistic, gloomy and depressed. You are
disappointed with your existence and at
odds with the world."

I.Q. and personality tests work per-
fectly well with pencil and paper. The
advantage of the computer is that you

get your results about a second after
completing the last question of the test.
This program can help you understand
yourself or another persoh better, and it
can be a lot of fun — as long as you're

intelligent and have a sparkling person-
ality. Of course, the computer may also
tell you that you're not so smart and
have a baii personality. That's a chance
you'll have to take.

—Dan Gutmart

Banlam Software
666 Ff/f/i Ave,
New York, NY 10103
$34.95 (disk)

Donald Duck's Playground

This educational program uses the pop-
ular Disney cartoon character, Donald
Duck, and his three nephews in a game
format for children ages 7 to U. Avail-
able for the Commodore 64, it does an
excellent job of teaching the basics of
money handling, sorting items, and
making logical decisions. Using a joy-
stick to move Donald around town, the
player has him work for money, then
spend what he's earned on playground
equipment for Donald's nephews,
Huey, Louie, and Dewey.

Donald may work at any of four
places: McDuc'k Airlines, where he
sorts and moves packages from a con-
veyor belt to an airplane baggage tram;
a produce market, where he catches
produce thrown from a truck and drops
it into the correct bin; a toy store, in
which he places toys on the appropriate
shelves; and the Amquack Railroad,
where Donald is in charge of the junc-
tion switches for the trains delivering
packages. You choose the length of
time for a work shift, then get paid ac-
cording to your performance.

Across the street are three stores
from which Donald purchases items for
the playground. He can shop at Min-
nie's 5 & 10, Mickey's Hardware Store,
and Goofy's Junk Shop. At each store
you flip through catalog pages to see
what items may be purchased. But
you're not allowed to select something
if there isn't enough money in Donald's
account.

To pay for an item, a cash register
is displayed at the top of the screen, and
Donald's account at the bottom. Using
a joystick, you select coins and place
them at the top, then point to the
TOTAL key on the cash register. If
you've overpaid, a cash drawer comes
out so you can receive your change.

The next activity is constructing
the playground with the items pur-
chased. Move Donald to the end of the
street, across a railroad track, and into
the park. (As Donald moves to the
track, he always checks both ways to be
sure there are no trains approaching.)

With the joystick, you build and ar-
range playground equipment, then
press a key to see one of Donald's
nephews at play.

A young child may need help from
an adult to understand the instruction
manual the first time, but then he or she
can easily enjoy the program alone. The
variety of activities step a child through
many important learning procedures,
and the program is so much fun it will
hold a child's interest for hours.

— C. Regena

Sitrra Oii-Lidc
Coanegold. CA S36U
$34.95 {on disk)

COMPUTEl's

GAZETTE

TOLL FREE

Subscription

Order Line

800-334-0868

InNC
919-275-9809

COMPUTErs Gazette Octoi»r 1985 73

COMMODORE 64

^139

•170K Disk Drive $149.95

• Tractor Frktion Printer S159.95

• 13" Hi-Rei Color Monitor SI 69-95

COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE

COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER t139.fl

Yau pay only SI39.95 when ytju order the powcrlul
e4K COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER' LESS the voluc d(
the SPECIAL SOFTWARE DTSCOUNT COUPON we pock
wilh youf tompuler thai allows you 10 SAVE OV,Efi
S500 ofl sohware sole pficoli' With only S100 ol
savings npplred. your nel computer cosi is S39.95' f

irOK DISK DRIVE I14f.tl

You pay only SU^.flS when yau order the I70K Disk
Drivel lESS the volue ol the SPECIAL SOFTWARE
DISCOUNT COLJPON we pock with your dish drive thai
qIIows jou io SAVE OVER S500 oil sofiwore solo
pricesll Wtlh only STOO oT covings opplied. your nel
disk iJrivB tost is 1^9.95.

U" HI-RES COLOR MONITOR tU4.4S

You poy only V^fi'^.^S when you order Ihis 13" COLOR
MOHITOR with shorper and cleorer resolulion Ihon
ony oiher color moniiors we hove tested! LESS value
of the SPECIAL SOfTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we
pack with your monitor Ihor allows you to iove over
S500 of) software sole pricosM Wiih only $100 ol
savings applied, your net color monitor cosI is only
$69.95. (16 Colors).

SO COLUMN 80 CPS
TRACTION/FRICTION PRINTER S159,9S

You pay only SIS9.9S whon you order the Comsior T F
deluxe line pnnlor thol prinis fl' ^kH lull siie. single
sheel. roll or Ion fold paper, labels, otc. Impoct dot
molriK, bidiroctiodol. LESS Iho value ol the SPECIAL
SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we poctt with your
prinler thot ollows you to SAVE OVER S500 oif
soltwore sole prices!! With only 5100 of sovings
applied your net printer cost it only S59,95.

«a COLUMN BOARD IM.4S

Now you program 00 COLUMNS ori tfie screen al ony
time! Converts your Commodore 64 to 80 COLUMNS
when you plug in the 80 COLUMN EXPAWSION
BOARD!! PLUS < slot e» ponder'

IS COLUMNS IN COLOR
PAPERBACK WRITER iA WORO PROCESSOR !M.«

This PAPERBACK V^RITER 6J WORD PROCESSOR is Ihc
linest ovailoblo lor the COMMODORE 64 computer 1
The ULTIMATE FOR PROFESSIONAL Word Processing
DISPLAYS 40 or BO COLUMNS IN COLOR or block ond
while' Simple Io operaie. powerful te*r edtling
complele cursor and inserl delete key control* line
ond parogroph tnserlion Qutomotic deletion,
cenlering morgin selttngs ond output ro all printerst
Lisi STO.OO. {ALE U(.«. Coupon S59.95.

SALE

CALL H PRICES

BEFORE ■ MAY

YOU ■ BE

ORDER ■ LOWER

SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON

We pock a SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT
I COUPON with enory COMMODORE 64
COMPUTER. DISK DRIVE. PRINTER, or
MONITOR we tatll Thit coupon ullosvt you
to SAVE OVER IStIO OFF SALE PRICESM

(Examplel)

PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE
COrVIMODORE 64

Nam*

llll

5dI*

Coupon

Paperback Wriler 64

jed 00

(39 «

SJ9 95

.PoperboEk £>aio Bose

HI 00

S3 J 95

S21 95

Poperbcck Ditlionary

S2J li

ill ?5

SIOOO

Praclicclc 11

ibv ti

Sl9 95

S44 95

Prini Shop (Dr^kJ

m 95

J33 95

JJ6 9S

Practitalc

159 n

S2J 95

S19 95

ProgroiT^mors RefererKe

im.ii

S16.95

JI3.50

Guide

Progrerr^ntDrs Kplper

i59 9S

i3» 9S

119 95

lOiikl

&0 Coluniri Screen ^Disk|

t5f 95

IJ^.-JS

119 95

D.sk F.l.r Iby Flip. N File)

J3»*l

iit.fi

S12 95

Deluae tope Coi^erre

$Be 00

inn

S34 95

Pro Joy Stick

il9.9S

J12.95

SIO DO

Lighi Pen

Ja?,?!

SU.fS

J 9 95

Du^l Cover

S a, 95

S 6.95

S 4. to

Simon's Basic

«9.9S

521^5

SI9 95

Fit&top II Epyjr

f3!»'»5

S22.95

St9 95

Super Orophlct EKpQnder

ill) n

(JJ'JS

SI9 91

Music Cok 1

ims

539 95

III 95

F,lg»iil>i

159 95

i^in

1J191

(See over 100 coupon iterm in our catalog!

Write or call for

! Sampio SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON] I

C128 COMMODORE
m^ COMPUTER

(Order Now)

ATTEHTION

Computer Clubs

IVe Offer Big Volume Discounts
CALL TODAY!

PROTECTO WARRANTY

All ProK^clo k prodLtti'i cacry a minimum 90 doy woironly,
H anything loik wiihm 90 dofy from tH«» idoip ol purihai*.
simply lend yogir producr Io ui vio UnjTfrd Parcel Svrwicv
prepaid, Wi?^ wjII fMViEDIATELY lirnd you a f^plocemonr al
no charge via Unilod Parcel S^rvitv prepaid. Thii wof rpnTy
proves onc4 ogoin that We lovo Our Customerw*

•340K1S71 Disk Drive $2S9.00

• Votce Synthestzer $34.95

• 12" Green or Amber Monitor U4.9S

• Printer/Typewriter Combination S149.f!

CI 38 COMMODORE COMPUTER $184.95

We ejipect a limited supply the tsl weeli in July. We
will ship on 0 (irsi order bosis. This oll-new
revolulic^nary \7BK compuier uses oil Comnnodare bi
soltware ond occpssoriei plus oil CPM progromj
1ormatl*d lar the disit drive.
Ut)S349.<». SAlltMl.tl.

340K 1571 COMMODORE DISK DRIVE llJt.OO

Double Sidod. Sirgla Disk Dr>™ lor C-lIB allows you
to use C^I38 mode plus CPM mode. 17 times loiter
than ] S4I . plus runs oil 1541 lormals.
ListS349.0O. SalsS:S9.lll),

SUPER AUTO DIAL MODEM $34.95

Easy to use. Just plug into your Commodore (ti
compuler and you're reody ta iransmil and recelvtr
meisoges. Eosier Io use ihon dioling your lelephone.
just push one key on your compuier' Includes
exclusive easy to use progrom lor up and down
Ic^oding Io printer ond disk drives. B^st to U*$*A*
list $129.00. J AUMt.lJ.

VOICE SYNTHESIZER M4.45

For Commodore'64 compuiers. Just plug it in ond you
con program weirds and senlencet. odjust vciluma ond
pitch, moke talking odvenlure gorties. sound aelton
90mos ond customized tolkies! r FOR ONLY 519.95 you
tor) add TEXT TO SPEECH, just type a wofd ond hear
your tompuier tolk - ADO SOUND TO 'ZORK". SCOT!
ADAMS AND OTHER ADVENTURE GAMES! I
(Disk or lope.) List 589.00. SALI »«.9S

13" GREEN OR AMBER MONITOR Si4.4J

Your choice of green or ombcr screen monilor. top
^uoltty. SO columns x H lines, eosy to reod. anti-
glare' n\JS 59.95 lor connecting coble. Com 64 or
VIC. 30. list SlSfl.OO IAL[ «».»>.

PRimER/TYPEWRJTER COMBINATION t]IT.9S

JUKI Superb letter quality, daisy wheel
printer typewriter combinalion. Two mochines in one
— jusi 0 llick ol the swiich. ]7 eitro large carriage,
typewriler keyboard, outomotic mr]rgin control ond
retocole key. drop in cossetie ribbon! (90 day
worranly) Centronics pocallol or RS23I serial port buill
infSpocily). Lril53J9.00. SALE IMt.tJ. )Lld.Oly.|

13" RCe a. COMPOSITE MONITOR 5379.00

MusP be used to gel SO columns in color wilh BO
column computers (Clie S Alan Sri.
(Add SN. 50 shipping)
List S399, 00. SALE »17«.M.

I' LOWEST PRICES • 15 DAY FfiEE TRIAL
• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. • ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL

PHONE ORDERS

0 o.iTi. - 8 p.rn, WoekcJays
9 fj.m. . 12 rioort Sotvjrdays

• 40 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
• OVER m PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS

Add SIO. 00 lor shipping, handling ond insurance. Illinois residents
pleoie odd b'i, lox. Add SIO. 00 lor CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
ALASKA, APOFPO orders Conodion orders must be in U.S dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA,
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Porsonol Check Allow 14
days (or delivery. 2 to 7 days lor phone ordsrs. I day express moil I
VISA - MASTERCARD C.O.D.

No CO D. Io Conodo. APOFPO

We Liove Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

10

/5%"C0MSTAR'<>Vi

COMSTAE PLUS

• Traclor PricMon Printer

• Dot Matrix, Impact, Prints Singte Sheets or
Continuous Feed Paper, 10" or 1 5"/i" Carriage

• Print buffer

• 9 X 9 Dot Matrix, Double Strike

• Near Letter Quality, High Resolution, Dot Bit Image

• Underlining. Left-Right Margin

• True Low Descenders, Super and Subscript

• Prints Standard, Block Graphics. Itolics

• Centronics Porallel Interface

+ (Tractor-Friction Printer)

Premium Quality" f

120-140 CPS

COMSTAR 1 ox Lis.s399
COM-STAR15y2X Lis. 5599

Sale $179
Sale $249

One Year Free
Replacement Warranty^

PRINTER

CHARACTER FONTS

Impact Dot Matrix

PRINT HEAD

9 Wire (User fleplaceoble]

PniNT SPEED — Bl-dlreetional Logic Seeking

Super 10X 150140: Super ISSX 120-140

Normol (lOCPI)
Elite (12 CPt)
Condensed (17CPI)
Enlorged(5.6. 8.5 CPI)
Emphasised
Double Strike
Super ond Sub Script

SPECIAL FEATURES

PAPER SLEW SPEED

10 IPS at 1 6" Spacing

PRINT BUFFER

One Line Standard

PRINT SIZE

Self-Test

Matro Instruction

Continuous Underline

a Bit Selectoble Interface

Column Scon Bit Image Graphics

Vertical ond Horizontol Tabs

Skip Over Perforation

15.5" Corrioge (Super-lS'/jX Only)

10, 12, 17. 5.6. 8.5CPI

LINE SPACING

NUMBER OF COLUMNS

5upor.lOX:eO,96. 136(40, 46. 68 Double Width)
SuperlS'jX: 136,164, 332(60, 82, 1 16 Double Width)

CHARACTER MATRIX

9 x 9 Standard, with True Descenders

18 K 9 Emphasized

18 X IBDouble Strike

6 K 6 Block Graphics

60 X 72 Low Resolution. Bit Image Graphics

120 X 144 Hi Rcioluiion. Bit Image Graphics

240 X 144 Ultra Hi Resolution. Bit Image Graphics

CHARACTER SETS

96 Standord ASCII. 32 Block Graphic Chorocters, 96 Itolics Choracters

1 /6", 1 /8" Pius Programmable by n/ 1 44" or n/72"
PAPER HANDLING

Roll Poper;
Cut Sheet!
Copies:

SUPER-lOX
8.5" to to" Wide
B" to 10" Wide
3 Corbonless Sheets

SUPER-15'/,X
8.5" to 15" Wide
8" to 15" Wide
3 Carbonless Sheets

RIBBON

Super lOX Cartridge f!ibbons S9.95. Super 1 5 'iX Cartridge SI 4,95

INTERFACE

Stondord Porollet (Centronics Compotibte)

DIMENSIONS ~ In Inches & WEIGHT — In lb*.

SUPER-lOX

14WX 10 9/16Dx2 7/8H. U lbs.

Parallel Interfaces:

All product data subject to change without notice

Commodore 64 — $39.00

Apple II, He, 11+ -$59.00

Atari — $59.00

Add 110.00 ISU.50 lor 15'. ' Printers) lor shipping, hoodiing ond
insurcincfl, Illinois r&sidert^ pleose odd 6% lox. Add $20.00 lor
CANADA PUERTO RICO, HAWAII. ALASKA. APO-FPO ordefs.
Carodion orders mull be in U.S. dollars. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO
OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.

Enclose Cashiers CtiBck. Money Order or Farsonol Clieck. Allow U
doys tor doUvery. 2 to 7doys for phono orders, I day exprois moii'
VISA — MASTERCARD — C.O.D. No C.O.D. loConodn. APO f PO

We Liove Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, lllinciis 60010

312/382-5244 to order

GIANT PRINTER SALE

10

/i 5%" COMSTAR 160 iso-itocps

COMSTAR 160 + nigh speed (Tractor-Frktlon Printer)

• Tractor Friction Printer

• Dot Matrix, Impoct, Prints Single Sheets or
Continuous Feed Paper, 10" or I5''i" Carriage

• Print buffer

• 9 X 9 Do( Matrix, Double Strike

• Near Letter Quality, High Resolution, Dot Bit Image

• Underlining, Backspacing, Left-Right Morgin

• True Low Descenders, Super and Subscript

• Prints Standard, Block Graphics

• Better than Gemini )0X

• Centronics Parollel Interface

10" COMSTAR UO ListS499
ISVi" COMSTAR 160 listsw

Sale $229
Sale $299

One Year Free
Replacement Warranty

PRINTER

CHARACTER FONTS

Impact Dot Matrix

PRINT HEAD

9 Wire{User Reploceable)

Norrtiai (lOCPI)
Elite (12 CPI)
Condensed (17 CP))
Enlarged (5, 6. 8.5 CPI)

Emphasized
Double Strike
Super ond Sub Script

PRINT SPEED — Bi-dlrectionol Logic Sseklng

10' ComStor160: 15O170CPSj IS' i " ConiSlQr 160: IS0170CPS
PAPER SLEW SPEED

SPECIAL FEATURES

10 LPS at 1-6" Spacing

PRINT BUFFER

Self-Test

Mocro Instruction

Continuous Underline

8 Bit Selectabto Interloce

Column Scan Bit imoge Graphics

Vertical ond Horiionlol Tobs

Skip Over Perforation

15.5" Ccjrfioge (IS'/i" ComSlar 160 Only)

2K

LINE SPACING

PRINT SIZE

1/6", 1/8" Plus Programmable by n/144" or r/72"

10. 12, 17. 5, 6. 8.5 CPI

PAPER HANDLING

NUMBER OF COLUMNS

tO" CamStor 160: 80. 96, 136 {AO, 48, 68 Double Width)
15',i "ComStar 160; 136,164,232(68.82, 116 Double Width)

CHARACTER MATRIX

Roll Paper:
Cut Sheet:
Sprocket:
Copies:

10" COMSTAR 160
8.5" to 10" Wide
8 'to 10" Wide
3" to 10" Wide
3 Corbonless Sheets

15'/,' COMSTAR 160
8,5" to 15" Wide
8" to 15" Wide
5"lo 15,5" Wide
3 Carbonless Sheets

RIBBON

9 )i 9 Siondord, with True Descenders

18 If 9 Empfiasized

IBk 18 Ooublo Strike

6x6 Block Graphics

60 >: 7! Low ResoluMon, Bit Imoge Graphics

120 X 144 Hi Resolution. Bit Image Graphics

240 X 144 ultra Hi Resolution. Bit Imoge Grophics

CHARACTER SETS

96 Sfondord ASCII, 64 Speciol. 32 Block Graphic, 96 Downloadable.
88 International Characters

10" ComStar 160 Cartridge S9. 95, 15'/," Comstor 160 Ribbon $14.95
INTERFACE

Storidord Parollel {Centronics Compatible)

DIMENSIONS — In Inchei

10" COMSTAR 160
15,36WX 12.6D)(5H

IS'/," COMSTAR 160
23.4VJX 14.3Dx5.2H

WEIGHT— In pound*

10" COMSTAR 160: 11 lbs.

15V," COMSTAR 160; 1B.7 lbs.

Parallel Interfaces;

All product data subject

Commodore 64 — $39,00

to change without notice.

Apple II, He, 11+ —$59.00

Atari - $59.00

Add SIO.OO (SU.50 lor 15',' Pfioters) for shipping, tlondling ond
insurarco, Illinois residenis ploase odd 6% tox Add S20 00 lor
CANADA PUERTO RICO. HAWAII. ALASKA. APOFPO orders.
Conadian orders must be in U.S. dollors. WE DO NO! EXPORT TO
OTHER C0UMTRIE5, EXCEPT CANADA.

Enclose Costiiars Chock, Money Order of Perionol Check. Allow 14
doyj for doliuery. 2 lo 7 doys tor phone orders. 1 doy express moil I
VISA- MASTER CARD — COD No COD. loConodo APOFPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

GIANT PRINTER SALE

1 0" ComStar 2000 '^^ "" '^

Super Letter Quality 10" ComStar 2000 Plus Super High Speed
Lifetime Warranty* \c^^ J^

Tractor Friction Printer

165 ■ 185 CPS Dot Matrix Impact, prints

single sheet or continuous form paper

• Letter Quality Mocie 40 CPS ;^

• 9x9 or 17x17 dot matrix

• 256 user definable cfiaracters

• Super script, subscript I

• Pico, elite, proportional and italics ^^

• Super bit image graphics

• 1920 byte print buffer , "

• Lifetime printhead warronty*

• Better than Epson FX80

• Automatic dark mode

^""^^^

10" ComStar 2000

List S599

Sale $259

PRINTING METHOD

VERTICAL TAB

Impact dot matrix system

Programmable

PRINT SPEED

LINE FEED PITCH

1 60- 1 80 cps PICA: 40 cps FINE MODE (letter Quaility)
PAPER FEED SPEED

100 rr sec line (in case of 1 /6 inch line teed)

CHARACTER FONT

9x9 matrix {pico, elite, condensed), 9xn motrlK (proportional), 17x17
matrix (fine mode) 2 pass

1/6", 1/8", 7/72" (programmable pitcti). 1/72" (progrommoble
pitch), n/72' (progFommablo pilch), n/216" (progrommoble pitch)

CHARACTER SET

Full ASCII 96 characters with descenders. Internotional charocters:
USA, Germany, Italy, U.K., France, Denmork, Sweden, Spain

PAPER FEED SYSTEM

BIT IMAGE GRAPHICS

Adjustable sprocket feed, friction feed

480, 640, 960, 1280, 1920 dots/line

FORM HANDLING. FANFOLD PAPER

PRINT DIRECTION

Bidirectionol in text mode with logic seeking Uni-diroclional in bit
image graphic mode

CHARACTER PITCH

1/10" (pico), 1 / 1 2" (elite). 7/ 1 20" (condensed). 2/10" (double width
pica), 2/12" (double width elite). 14/120" (double width condensed)

CHARACTERS PER LtNE

137 characters (condensed)

96 choraclcrs (elite)

80 characters (pica)

68 choracters (double widtti condensed)

4B characters (double width elite)

40 choroctors (double width pica)

HORIZONTAL TAB

Programmable positions & manual selection by control panel switches

Width; 4-10": number of copies, original S 2 copies without carbon

RIBBON

Cartridge ribbon

PAPER END SENSOR

Mechonicol switch (printer stops printing 0.6 inches from
end of poper)

INTERFACE

Parallel (Centronics compatible) Buffer memory siie: 1920 byte
RELIABILITIES: PRINTER LIFE

MTBF: 5,000,000 lines: ribbon life, 3,000,000 chars.
DIMENSIONS a. WEIGHT

Width 16,0": depth 1 1,8"; height 4,72": weight 14 lbs.

Parallel Interfacest

All product data subject
Commodore 64 — $39.00

to change without notice.

Apple II, He. 11+ -$59.00

Atari - $59.00

Add 510.00 tor shipping, handling and insuronco. Illinois ri^sidents
pleoie add 6*/. tax. Add S20.0O (or CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA, APO-FPO orders. Conodion ord&rs must be in U,S, dollors,
WE OO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES, EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Cashiers Chock, Monoy Order or Personal Check, Allow M
doys far delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders. 1 day express maill
VISA — MASTER CARD - COD.

NoC.O.D, toConodo, APO-FPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd,, Barrlngton, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Commodore 64

MODEIM

Commodore 64

SAVE

List S99.00

Sale

$3995

Coupon $29.95

Telecommunications

Lovsfest-Prif^ Iry^rire ih^A.

List $99.00

Sale

$3995

Coupon $29.95

FOR CHILDREN ADULTS- BUSINESS

^

Complete Auto Dial
Telecommuniccitions Package

"The only telecommunications package you tvill ever need,

(Exclusive Easy To Use Features)

^*-*- Total ^*-^*^
Telecommunications

• 300 Baud Modem • Auto Dial • Auto Answer • Upload & Download
• 52 Database Services (UPI News, etc.) Phone Numbers Included

Reach Out and Access Someone

• Educotional courses . (vjews Updates and Informotion

• Financial Information • Popular Gomes • Electronic Shopping

• Banking at Home . Research and Reference Materiols
TKe Total Tel ecommonicat ions Package offers you all this plus ...

• Stores on Disk Downloaded Files

tt

• Auto Log-on

• Dioling from Keyboard

• On-line Clock

• Capture and Display High Resolution Characters

• Download Text, Progrom or Dato Files

• Reods Files from Disk and Uploads Text or Program Files

• Select Any Protocot [access olmost ony computer or modem)

• Plus Much, Much More

List $99.00

Sal

Coupon
$29.93

We are so sure this is the only telecommunications package you will need we will give you IS days Free Triol.

Add 53.00 for shipping, hordling and insufarce. Illinois roiidcnts
please add b',, tax. Add $6.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO. HAWAII
ALASKA, APOFPO orders. Conodioo orders musi be in U S dollars
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Coshiers Check. Mone/ Order or Perioral Chock. Allow 14
da/i for delivery. 2 ro 7 dayi for phone orders, I doy oupross mol|i
VISA — MASTER CARD - C.O.D.

No COO loConado. APO-FPO.

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

COLOR MONITOR
^ SALE!!!

(Premium Qualify)

* Built in Speaker and
Audio

* Front Panel Controls

• For Video Recorders

• For Small Business
Computers

' Apple - Commodore -
Atari - Franklin - etc.

Add SM.50 shipping, hondiing ond invumrtce.
lilLnDis residents ploaio add 6** lax. We do
not ship to Joreign ccunlrit-s [including
Canada). Aloska, Puerto Rico. APO-FPO.

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order of
Personal Check. Allow I 4 doys lor delivery, 2
to 7 doy^ lor phone orders, 1 day express
moil'

(Premium Quality}

Beautiful Color
Contrast

High Resolution

Separated Video

Sharp Clear Text

Anti-Glare Screen

40 Columns x 24 Lines

Supports 80 Columns

List $329

00

13" Color Computer Monitor

•Connecting coble $9.95

Sa.en69«

13" RGB & COMPOSITE MONITOR

List $399.00

Musi be used to get 80 columns in color with 80 column computers (CI 29 &
Atori ST), (odd SU.50 shipping)

Sale *279«»»

14" COMMODORE 1702 COLOR MONITOR Cnio ^1 79^^*

(add S14.50 shipping) List $299.00 ^*llt? MMW

15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
12" XTRON SUPER HI-RESOLUTION MONITOR CqIa ^1 09^^

80 Columns X 24 Lines, Super Hi-Resolution 1000 lines Green or Amber *#**I^^ ■ ^r '

Super-Clear "Easy fo Reod" text with special anti-glare screen! (Lid. Qly.j List $249.00

"kSU^ HI-RESOLUTION GREEN OR AMBER TEXT DISPLAY MONITOR

Sale *89»»
Sale *69'»

80 Columrvs X 24 Lines, Hi-Resolution, crisp clear easy to tioo nn

Had text with anti-glore screen! A MUST fof word processing, (ifrf, Qty.) LiStSlVV.OCJ

List $159.00

12" MONITOR GREEN OR AMBER TEXT

80 Columns x 24 Lines, easy to reod up front controls {Ltd. Q'y./

' Connecting coble $9.95

* ONi DAY BXPRES5 MAIL * OVER 500 PROGRAMS » FREE CATALOGS

'LOWEST PRICES * BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A.

Add SID. DO lor shipping, hondling ond insuronce. Illinois resicJei^tl
ploaso add 6% lox. Add S20.00 lor CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA, APO-FPO orders. Ccinadlon orders must bo in U.S. dollars,
WE DO t>10T EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Cashiers Check, Mor^ey Order or Personol Chock. Allow 14
days for delivery, 2 to 7 doys for phone Ofdecs, 1 doy express mail I
VISA MASTERCARD — CO. O,

No C.O,D. lo Conado. APO-FPO

We Love Our Customers

32292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

^ iV NEW 1^ ^

' T i ,
I I

SALE

I I I

A I

Commodore - 64

^ ^ NEW ^ ^

I ■■

— irnr r-j i r r

I I I irir II r ibi li I

in II '

■I II I I
fi II I I

,111

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I I I I I I I I

' I t I I ■ • ■
.III

I I I I I I I IL

SALE

40 or 80 Columns
In Color

Paperback Writer 64

40 or 80 Columns
in Color

This is the eostesi 1o use and most powerful word processor available for the Commodore 64, As you type on the
screen, you will see your letters ond words appear on the screen exoctly os they will be printed (i.e. Itolics will
be Italic. Bold Face will be Bold Face], With the printer files you can customize Paperbock Writer 64 to use all the
fancy features of your printer. Loads EZ Script " , Poperclip'^j , & Wordpro 64v".' Files so you con eosily upgrade

your past wordprocessing text that you've written with obsolete wordprocessors.
Take o look at some of the other feotures:

Wordwrap — No Words Breok At The Edge Of The Screen.

Flexible Cursor Movement, Including Tabs And Other Timesovers,

Deletion And Insertion Of Ctiorocters, Lines And Blocks Of Text,

On-icreen Text Enhancement. Such As Bold Face. Italics, Underlining,

Superscripts And Subscripts, And Foreign And Other Chorocters,

Manipulation Of Block* (ranges) Of Text For Functions Such As Moving

And Deleting, Even Between Files.

Sorting Lists In Order Of Numbers And Letters,

Aligning And Adding Numbers In Columns, Helpful With Tables,

Vorioble Margin! At Left And Right, And Poragroph Indervtotion,

Lines Centered, Justified Or Aligned At The Right Side.

Variable Page Lengths And Line Spacing.

Borders At Top Or Bottom Witli Optional Title Lines And Poge Numbers,

Linked Files To Print Extra-long Documents In Sequence,

Flexible Printer Set-up To Allow Use With Any Printer,

Find And Replace Text Functions That Can Be Automatic.

Complete Or Selective Directories Of Files On The Disk,

Sequential Files For Moil Lists And Conrtmunicotion With Olher

Computers,

Spelling Checker. Checks Your Spelling.

INTRODUCTORY PRICE

$

29

95

COUPON

Sale Price $39.95

DOUBLE PROTECTO FREE TRIAL

We are so sure tfiis is the easiest and most powerful word
processor avoilable, we will give you 30 doys to try it out. If you
ore not completely satisfied, we will refund your purchose price.

1^ ^ 1^ Plus ^ ik ^

Full help screens on line with additional help on the disks mean
you don't even need a manual. If you're in the middle of a page
and you want to know how to use a special function just hit F7
and the information will oppeor before your eyes. If you still
don't understand hit F7 again and o more detailed explanotion
appears. Then simply hit F8 and you're back in the
letter where you left off. No manual lookup
necessary. This is the easiest word processor in
the world to use. List $99.00.
Introductory Sale Price $39,95. Coupon $29.95.

PAPERBACK DATABASE (Datafax) List $69.00. Sale $34.95. * Coupon $24.95.

Add 53.00 for shipping, tiondling and insurance. Illinois resident
picose odd 6% tox. Add 16.00 (or CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA, APO-FPO orders. Canodion orders must be in U.S. dollars,
WE DO NOT EXPORT TOOTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Costtiefi Chock. Money Order or Personol Check. Allow 14
doys for delivery, lio'7 days for phone orders. 1 doy express moil!
VISA - MASTER CARD - C.O.O,

No C.O.O. 1o Canada, APOFPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N, Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

lltJ^opi- 'to riaiSvrTHi^h ePCefniTi{Kki«« lkiii>4*iiM4t;hifi«!i ^oft^'Oip ' hi D I'Tadtmatli pi d<iti«ri*T fn{lwd«d Iflc lWofdprc44' ki airedtmafh el PralfltuDivl &ofiirror« Inc

Super Summer Sizzler Sale Ends 9-1 5-J

Prices will go back to regular aale prices

FLOPPY DISKS SALE *69^ ea.

Economy Model or Cadillac Quality

W& have the lowest prices!

'ECONOMY DISKS

Good quolity 5'A" single sided single density with hub rings.

Bulk Pac 100 Qty. 69' ea.

lOQty. 89' ea.

Summer Sale Prices Only

Total Price
Totol Price

$69.00
6.90

CADILLAC QUALITY (double density)

• Each disk certified • Free replacement lifetime warranty • Automatic dust remover

For those who wont cadilloc quolity we have the Loron Floppy Disk. Used by professionals becouse Ihey con rely on Loron Disks to store
important data and progroms wittiout feor of toss! Eoch Loron disk is )00% certified (an exclusive process) plus each disk corries on
exclusive FREE REPLACEMENT LIFETIME WARRANTY. With Loron disks you can hove the peoce of mind without the Jrustrotion of
program loss after hours spent in progrom development.

100% CERTIFICATION TEST

Some floppy disk manufactures only sample test on o botch basis the disks they sell, ond then claim they are certified. Each Loran disk is
individuolty checked so you will never experience data or progrom loss during your lifetime!

FREE REPLACEMENT LIFETIME WARRANTY

We are so sure of Loron Disks ihol we give you a free replocement warranty ogoinst failure to perlorm due to faulty materiofs or
workmanship foros long as you own your Loron disk.

AUTOMATIC DUST REMOVER

Just like a record needle, disk drive iieods must travel hundreds of miles over disk surfoces. Unlike other floppy disks the Loron smooth
surface finish soves disk drive heod wear during the life of the disk. (A rough surface will grind your disk drive heod like sondpoper).
The lint free automatic CLEANING LINER makes sure the disk-killers (dusi S dirt) are being constantly cleaned while the disk is being
operated. PLUS the Loran Disk hos the highest probability rote of any other disk in the industry for storing ond retaining doto without
loss for the life of the disk.

Loran is definitely the Cadillac disk in the world

Just to prove it even further, we ore offering tfiese super LOW INTRODUCTORY PRICES
List $4.99 ea. INTRODUCTORY SALE PRICE $2.49 ea. (Box of 10 only) Total price $24.90

$3,33 ea. (3 quantity) Total price $9,99

All LORAN disks come with hub rings and sleeves in on attractive pockage.

DISK DRIVE CLEANER $19.95

Everyone Needs A Disk Drive Doctor
FACTS

• 60% of all drive downtinne is directly related to poorly maintained drives.

• Drives should be cleoned each week regardless of use.

• Drives are sensitive to smoke, dust and all micro particles.

• Systematic operotor performed mointenonce is the best way of ensuring error free use of your computer system.

The Veriftn disk drive cleaner can be used w/ith single or double sided 5%" disk drives. TheJ
Verifin is an easy to use fast inethod of maintaining efficient floppy diskette drive operation.
The Verifin cleaner comes with 2 disks and is packed in a protective plastic folder to prevent
contamination. ListS29.95. Sole $19.95. * Coupor} $14.95.

Add S3 00 lor shipping, handling ond miuronce. Illinoii fesidentj
plvoie add 6'/. 1o». Add S6.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII,
AtASKA. APO-FPO orders. Conodian orders must be In U.S. dollars
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES, EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Coshierj Check, Mone^ Order or Personal Check. Allow H
doyl for delivery, 2 to 7 doys tor phone orders, 1 dnyonpfoss moil!
VISA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D,

NoCO.D. (oConoda. APOFPO

We Love Our Customers

32292 N. Pepper Rd.. Barringlon, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Commodore 64

Commodore 64

CARDCO

Fulfill All Your Personal & Business Needs "NOW"

S'MORE Cartridae

Sale $49.95

57% More Memory For BASIC C128 Programming on your Commodore 64

For the first time, the Commodore 64 computer owners can moke use of tlie full memory that came inside
their Commodore 64 witfiout having to learn sophisticoted assembly or machine languoge programming. The new
S'more BASIC Cartridge allows BASIC programmers to use over 60K of RAM for BASIC programs. This 57% gain in
ovoilable memory is not restricted in any way, it con be used for arroys, variables and BASIC programs which
would over-load the capacity of an un-exponded Commodore 64. List $69.95 Sale $49.95

S'MORE (for Super Memory Optimized RAM/ROM Expansion} is a powerful cartridge-based program which provides...

* 61.183 bytes of C-6J RAM memory freed
for BAStC programming (57% more Ihon
the 38,91) now tree). This gain is no(
roslricted in any way, and con be used for
arrays, voriobles, and BASIC programs
which would overlood the un-exponded
C-64S capacity

Relative File Commands; DOPEN* & RECORD #. Print Using And Other Formatting Tools: PRINT USING, PUDEF idefineformat (or the PRINT
USING function), & PRINT AT (row, col.). Full Error Trapping: TEiAP, EL (returns error line (t), ER (returns error S), ERRI (returns error
description}, RESUME, & RESUME NEXT. Structured ProBramming Commands: DO, LOOP, EXIT, UNTIL, & WHILE, Formatted Input
Commands: GETKEY. INLINE, INPUT (Improved), INPUT AT (row, col.), INFORM t limits allowed response keys and length of response).
Peeks & Pokes Not Needed: Direct access to normally peeked/poked Items is provided with commands like BORDER, PAPER, INK, VID(x)
(x-screcn memory location), COL( XI ( x-color memory location), VIClx I, SIDIx), CI Alx), NORM, UPPER, i LOWER.

A BRIDGE TO THE C-13Si Commodore 64 owners got immediole memory expansion from SMOHE. S'MORE's commond structure is similor to the
CI 20, ollowing programmers to make use of advanced progromming techniques available on the C128'» new BASIC 7.0 so Ihat program's
written on S'MORE BASIC may be more easily convertt;d to run on theC-t28.

Over 60 new and enhanced BASIC
commands & functions
Full error tropping. and an outomotic
error help which lists the error line and
places a flashing cursor a) the beginning
ol the program statement containing the

No peeks or pokes because S'MORE
provides direct access to normally
peeked/poked items

Full up-down scrolling through progrom
listings lor eosier progrom editing

Sale $34.95

Easy To Use Cartridge Based Word Processor for the C-64, With Full 60 Colamn On-Screen In Color View Mode

The WRITE NOW! word processor provides you with the easiest to use, fostest to leorn format avoilable for your
Commodore 64 computer. It will give you all the fetures you would expect in a professionol word processor and
some features not found in any other Commodore 64 word processor,
(Cartridge) List S49,95. Sale $34.95. Coupon $29.95.

Program is on cartridge ond loads
instantly so there is no waste of time
loading from unrelioble topes or disks.
Built in 80 column display allows you to
see exactly what you will print including
heodors. footers, iuslilicolion, page
numbers ond page breoks.
Con send oil speciol codes to ony printer,
even in the middle of o line without losing
proper justification.

* Page numbering in standard numbers or
upper or lower case Roman numerols.

• Full string search ond search/replace
functions.

* Direct unlimited use of previously stored
text from tape or disk called from within
text during the print out so it uses no
memory space and allows creation of
unlimited length documents.

• Full scrolling up ond down through text.

No complicated editing modes or

commands.

Multiple line heoders and footers.

Justification and text centering.

B^ozk copy and delete commands.

Save text to tape or disk.

Eosy full screon editing.

Works with any printer,

Eosy to understand instruction booklet.

4 help screens included.

Spell Now

Soell Checker

"Spell Now" is o disk based professionol spelling checker that interfaces vi/ith
the C-64. Use "Spell Now" to check the spelling in your "Write Now" files,
expensive spelling checkers on the morket. (Disk) List $39.95. Sale S19.95.

Sale $19.95

the "Write Now" word processor for
It includes oil features of the most

Graph Now / Paint Now — Graohic/Loao Generator

Sale $19.95

A full graphics package capoble of generating line, bar grapfis and graphic art designs such as logos ond pictures to
be used with "Write Now" for the C-64, Sove your graph or logo in a "Write Now" compatible file and print it out
along with your "Write Now" text file. (Disk) List S39.95. Sale 519.95.

Add S3. 00 for shipping. Iiandling and injuronce. Illinois fcsidenit
pledge odd 6*1 lOii. Add S6.00 tor CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
ALASKA. APO-FPO orders. Conodion orders must be in U S dollori
WE DO HOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Encloio Cashiers Ctisck, Money Ordor or Penonol Ctiock. Allow 14
days for dellvory, 2 to 7day5 for phone ordsrs, 1 day enprait moill
VtSA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D.
No C. 0.0. toCooodo. APO-FPO

We Ltove Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Economy* to Arcade Quality

JOYSTICK

Low As

Low As

$8.95 SALE $8.95

Ultimate Arcade Quality Model

Cornmodore

VIC 20
PLUS All Ata
Machines

Coin Controls
5000

Rated No. 1

iditional
Warranty

List $24.95

Sale
$16.95

5200 Joystick

Allows keypad hook-up

List $29.95 Sale $24.95

Professional

Cadillac

Model

"Three Way Firing"
Options

^Single Button
Economy Model

List $12.95

Sole
$8.95

Add S3 00 lo( ihipping handling and m5u(anco. IHinois rciidonis
pleose add 6% ta^. Add S6.(J0 (or CANADA, PUERTO RICO. HAWAII,
ALA5KA APO FPO orders, Conadion orderi must be in U.S. dollors.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TOOTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA
Eticlaie Coihiers Check. Money Ofder or Penonol ChecV Allow U
doyl (Of delivery, I lo7 doys for phone orders, 1 dpy o»presi moiM
VISA -MASTER CARD COD

NoCO.D toConodo, APO FPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd.. Borrington. Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

SALE

SALE

• ■ • • •

AAaAA

• ■ • * •

AAAAA

IMajkes your Oomputer into st Fun (JlsLssroom

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Alphabet Circus. All the color and
excitement of the big top are here,
along with play-and-learn activities
that enhonce letter recognition,
olphabet order, and text creation.
The six games for one or two players
are: Alphabet Circus, Meet the
Circus, Alphabet Porode, Secret
letter. Juggler, and Marquee Moker.
(Disk) List S29.95. Sale ST7.95.

Commodore 64
Sale

Allen Addhlon. The fost action and
colorful graphics of arcade gomes
motivole players of all oges to learn
fundamental moth skills. Alien
addition provides practice in basic
addition focts using an "Alien
invosion" theme complete with
spaceships ond loser cannons. (Disk)
LisI $34.00. Sale Siq.95.

Spelling Wtz. A colorful wizard who
uses his mogic wand to zap missing
letters into words, assists ployers in
spelling more than 300 words
commonly misspelled. (Disk)
List S34.0O. Sale $19.95.

Early

Christmas

Sale

Alirgator Mix. Players build skills in
oddition ond subtraction as they feed
hungry alligotors. Very chollenging,
with great grophics. (Disk)
List $34.00. Sale $19.95.

Number Farm. Here's o bumper crop
of octivities design to develop
recognition of numbers and number
words and an understanding of the
concept of numbers. The six gomes
for one or two players are; Number
Farm, Old McDonald, Hen House,
Animal Quockers, Horseshoes, and
Crop Count. (Disk)
List $29.95. Sale ST7.95.

Commodore 64
Sale

Meteor Multiplication. Have fun
blasting meteors, while learning
basic multiplicotion facts. Requires
motivation as players practice and
are drilled in multiplication skills.
Fast action and colorful grophics keep
interest of all ages. (Disk)
List $34.00. Sale $19.95.

Add S3.00 for shipping, hondling ond insurcnce. Iltlnois residents
pleose odd b". tax. Add S6.00 lor CANADA. PUERTO RtCO. HAWAII
ALASKA. APOFPO ordHrs- Conadinn orderj must be in U S dollnrs
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Coshiors Check. Money Order or Porsonol Check. Ariow 14
doys for delivery, 2 to 7 doyj for phone ordari, 1 day eiprois mail !

VISA - MASTER CARD - C.O.D,
No C.O.D. to Conodo. APOFPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barringlon, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Coin mod ore 64

Computer Learning Pad

• Makes Graphic Tablets Obsolete

• Includes Special Printer Feature

^^1^95 Hi-Resolution!

Sale!

37

Now you get this Fantastic Tech Sketch
Computer Light Pen Program with a
Professional Light Pen Free! ($39.95
value) plus the Micro Illustrated
Graphics Pen Program that allows you to
draw on your T.V. or monitor screen (better
than Gibsons $99 light pen). Whatever you
con draw on the screen you can print on
your printer (A Tech Sketch Exclusive.)
(Disk) List $59.95 Sale $37.95.

Also available Is Lite Sprite, a light pen driven sprite builder (List $39.95 Sale $29.95).

JMUSIC PORT

The ultimate music synthesizer and multi-track recording system
for the Commodore 64. A Full-sired REAL Keyboord and all
software including preprogrammed songs ore included.
(Disk) List $149.95 Sale $99.00.

Fully Responshe
"MUSICIANS" Keyboard

Sale!

$99

00

^£1^3:

No

Extra

Software

Required

I- i 1 L

idkkU^

.Soafet-?--

Add $3 00 for shipping, hondling gnd iniuronce, Illinois residents
ptMie odd 6% 10X. Add S6,0O for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII,
ALASKA APO-FPO orders. Canodior orders musi be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES, EXCEPT CANADA.
Eneloso Coihisrs Check. Mono/ Order or Porsonol Check, Allow 14
doys lor dslivery. 2 to 7 doys for phone orders. 1 day express moil t
VISA — MASTIR CARD - C.O.D.

No C.O.D. toConoda. APOFPO

We Liove Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borringfon, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Commoclore 64

Epyx

Cornmodore 64

VALUE g ' - — VALUE

The Best Arcade Gaines Around

Winter Gomes ~ Experience the
challenge of six winter sporting
events. In the Bobsled, you're right in
the tube coreenirig along the wolls.
At the SkiJump, you control your
form in toke-off, flight and landing. In
Figure Skating, timing counts for the

transitions, the jumps and londings.

Choreograph your own routine in Free Style Skat
Dog Aerials push your agility to new heights. The
challenges your endurance in cross-country skiing
even an opening ceremony, complete with
anthems. One to Eight Ployers.
(Disk) List $39.95. Sale S22.95.

ng. Hot
Biathlon
. There's
national

The World's Greatest Football
Game — This one has it all —

strategy, oction, three views of the
field. It's in a class oil its own!
Finolly, a football gome that not only
puts you on the field, but also on the
sidelines in the cooch's shoes. Use

the "Playbook" or design your own

offensive and defensive ploys. Then, grab the joystick and
put your strategy to the test. You control key players to run
a sweep, make a tockle, throw a poss and even kick a
fieldgool. All the oction cin<i all the strotegy make this your I
fovorite football game. (Disk) List $39.95. Sale $22.95. f

Epyx.

JET c:aiviBAT

SIMLfL ATOn

^-..

'm:

Jet Combot Simulation. Flight simulation programs are the most requested in the

country. The key to a good one is realism, the sensation of being in the coclpit — guiding
the plane through take-offs, landings and air to air — air to ground combat. You are on Air
Force pilot and your mission is criticol. Your success in completing your orders depends on
how quickly ond accurately you reoct. Very Intense — Fantostic Grophics, animotion and
control elements. (Disk) List S39.95. Sale $22.95.

Borble — The biggest name in dolls. Browse through Borbie's closet full of beautiful
clothing and dress her for the party. You can cut her hair or make it longer and color it or
chonge the style. Buy new clothing at the boutique or any of the six other specrolty shops,
or even go to the dress shop and create Barbie's designer clothes with the help of the
computer. The combinations ore endless and so is the fun. One or two plovers
(Disk) List S39.95. Sale S24.95.

Bollblozer — Unique split-screen. 3-D graphics give you ond your opponent o first person
view of the field of ploy. You race ocross the ployfield in your Rotofoil trying to capture the
ball and fire it through the goal before your opponent. The winner is the ployer with the
most points at the end of the timed competition. Hold onto your joystick and keep that
tmger on the fire button, this is the type of two ployer heod-to-heod action you've been
waiting for. Two Players. (Disk) List $29.95. Sale $24.95.

Summer Games II ~ The original Summer Games was last Summer's No. t seller. Carry
on the tradition with another chance to "Go for the Gold!" Introducing Summer Gomes II
with B new Olympic events including Kayaking, cycling, fencing, diving, track & field,
gymnastics and equestrian. The excitement of Olympic competion is present in this new
version as it was in the original. Great graphics ond sound effects. This one's o winner' (I
to 8 players). (Disk) List $39.95. Sale $24.95.

M^%^

G.I. Joe — The best selling toy soldier is now available os an activity toy on the home
computer. Select the battle situation then choose the equipment you think you will need to
get the job done. Choose from a number of uniforms ond weapons in your well stock
orsenal and get ready for the oction. Ploy clone or with o friend, if you plan tfie right
strategy you will complete the mission if not you will have to try ogoin. One or two plovers
(Disk) List S39. 95. Sale $24.95. k r -

Rescue On Fractalus! — Your mission is to fly your Valkyrie Fighter through the Joggi
defenses and rescue the downed Ethercorps pilots. Sounds eosy. but don't let it fool you. It's
tough enough just to novigote the mountains and canyons of Fractalus, but try doing it
while destroying enemy gun emplacements or dodging suicide saucers. We supply the Long
Ronge Scanner, Dirac Mirror Shield and Anti-Motter Bubble Torpedoes ... YOU supply the
skill and guts ! One Player. (Disk) List $29.95. Sale $24,95.

lr'#rTfv4*»n >li-i*4-n— ^tfW*V^

LlKUSriLU i:iAMCS

Rescue on FfacUus!

Add S3.0O tor sFiipping. hoddling ond iniurorce. Illinois residents
please odd 6% tax. Adit S6.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA. APOFPO ordefi. Conodion orders musi be in U S dollars
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Coshiors Chock. Money Order or Persoool Check. Allow H
days tor delivery, 2 to 7 days tor phone orders, 1 day eicpresi moil !
VISA — MASTER CARD -- C.O.D.

No C.O.D. toCooodo. APO-FPO.

We Love Our CustOTners

22292 N. Pepper fid., Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Commodore 64

Weekly Reader

Commodore 64

Stickybear Bop

Rack up pointfby bopping all kinds of objects - planets, stars, ducks and more... F'^^*. y°" ^ *^P
boUs aro'n animated shooting gollery of whizzing targets thot °PP-°^- ^^f P^^,;^^"^^^^! °,'^, ^m7
more, score more!... To pile up points in succeeding rounds, you must bop the °«''^*^^ ^'''^/^'^'^r;
and ^rs. Stickybear are iuggling...dont get bopped by the sandbags ''<^,fvb-°; drops when he sa,|
across the top of the screen in his balloon... and watch out for a pa.r of silly b.rds ^^o will try to steol
the lilile balls you need to ploy with The gome continues «f .j^.^-.^.'^^ll^Sf ''^'^^ySs^'^'^^a'' °
bigger flock of silly birds, ond more of everything to be bopped. (Disk) List $3J.95. Sale W4.?5.

Stickybear Numbers

There ore colorful groups of big moving obiects, such os ducks, birds and bears, that reinforce
numbers ond counting skills. You can use the space bar to leorn to count up and down. The many
possible picture combinotions work to captivate youngsters with an endless yonety at picture stiows
ond give them plenty of hands on computer experience, (32 page book, disk, colorful St.ckybeor
poster, Stickybear stickers.) (Disk) List 534.95. Sale J24.«.

Stickybear Basketbounce

Your gool is to win OS many points as you can by catching colorful, bouncing, foiling objects —
Including bricks, donuts, and stars — before running out of baskets. While trying to occumulate points,
Stickybear must duck falling objects and dodge moving ground obstocles that try to trip you. Keep
score on the computer to see which player's on top.

New obstacles ond falling objects in each successive round require more and more skill in order to
scare. The rounds increose in difficulty as you progress through eoch level, making Stickybear
Bosketbounce o gome that is fun ond challenging for all oges. (Disk) List $34.95. Sole *24,9S.

Stickybear Op posit eS Award Wlnnerl

Stickybeor floots ocross the screen on unicycles. in cors, on hot air balloons and other delightful
vehicles to teach beginners obout opposites and build reasoning skills.

Such concepts as up/down, full/empty, in front/behind ond more soon become crystal cleof as
Stickybeor does his stuff with fun activities and eye-popping onimation, A colorful book and o poster
provide odditional opposites for 3- to 6-year-olds to leorn. (Disk) List S34.95. Sale S 24,95.

Outstanding So ft wars Award — Preschool Education — Creative Computing.

Stickybear ABC Award Wlnnerl

Beautifully animate'd pictures help children leorn their ABC's and become fomilior with computers.
Two full-screen, full-color pictures with sound represent each tetter in the alphabet.
Besides helping boys and girls become familiar with computers, Stickybeor ABC teaches younger
children to recognize ond name the letters. Older children begin to recognize words on sight. (Disk)
List $34,95, Sale $24.95.

Best Software of ffte Year — Learning Magazine Parents' Choice Award — Parents' Choice.

Stickybear Shapes

Three delightful, full-color games help 3- to 6-year-olds identify circles, squores, triongles, rectangles
and diamonds. When the youngster makes a correct choice, a big, bright picture comes alive with
colorful animation! Even older children who hove already learned these shopes will enjoy
experimenting with Stickybear Shapes !

A speciot book ond poster that accompany the disk provide additional activities for building shopes
recognition, on essential school skill. (Disk) List $34,95, Sale $24.95.

u

O

1

Add S3 00 tor ihippmg. hondling ond insurnnce. Illinois reiidcnli
picose odd 6% ton. Add S6.00 lor CANADA, PUERTO HICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA, APO-FPO ordors. Conodlpn orders must be in U.S. dollors.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Cosiiiers Check. Money Order or Personal Chech. Allow 14
doyi for delivery, 2 to 7 days tor phone orders. 1 doy express mdil f
VISA — MASTERCARD - C.O.D,

NoC.O.D. loConode. APO-FPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Sale

LOW AS

$29.95

List $39.95

Program Your Coitimociore 64
In Plain English

(No need to know Basic)

CodeWriter

New

Program

Generators!!

FtleWrlter— lets you control informofion :

itond chonge it, just the way vou'd irke'simKrn'L^«l!'"l!-;^'"1 R«portWrlter - Uts you moke 'dato' into iniormotion thot con
screen you won't to ha7dU yoor do,o '^^ °^ °"^ '''"^ °' ^^ reorgoniied ond presented to help yoo moke decisions. You

need invoices turned into

whether its informotion about bills, taxes,
recipes, club memberships, ' stomp
collections or your new home business. It
will cokulote Qutomoticolly, hold grand
tolols. test for bod information for one
form or hundreds. There is no need to
"progrom" or know anything about
computers. Most of the instructions you'll
need ore right on the screen for you (Disk)
Lisr $39.95. Sgle » 29.95. Coupon S24.95.

-H:

FileWriter

ReportWrlter

MenuWrftor — MenuWriter links

programs together so the user con select

the program he needs by pressing just one

key. Where good program design colls for

severol different files or reports to lood

smoothly and quickly, MenuWriter does

the job. You set up screen offer screen {up

to 21) of simple cleor menu formats to link

your programs together. Menus con coll

progroms to outo-lood or simply coll other

menus. You control the whole process

■from color selection to screen loyout, to

key choice. Whether you're working with

CodeWriter programs or your own.

MenuWriter will give you professional menu results the first time

[Disk) list S39.95. Sale S29.f5. Coupon $24.95.

MennV^iter

Speed
imter

commission
reports, customer leods tuned into
moiling labels, occounts receivobte
turned into letters to your customers.
ReportWriter con handle all of these
requests. You create your own report
ideas with ReportWriter. A report con be
simple columns of figures, o memo, o
check, o lobel. whatever you need. You
may create as mony reports as you like
from the some files: it will report lo the
computer screen or to your printer. (Disk)
List $39.95. Salel29.9S.
Coupon $24.95.

SpeedWrHer — What do you do with o
BASIC progrom thot you wrote (or
bought, or typed) that is nice, does wtiot
you wonted it to do, but is just too slow to
suit your needs? SpeedWriter mokes
BASIC FLY! A must for the sophisticated
programmer, yel easy enough for the
novice. Reduces program size up to 50%,
in oddition to speeding up your program
to run 10-30 times foster. Couldn't be
simpler! (Disk) list $^9.95. Sole »39.9S.
Coupon $34.95.

AdvenfureWriter — You think
ploying computer adventure
games is exciting? How about the
thrill of creating your own? It's oil
in this pockoge. Your own heroes
ond villions, monsters and
mogicians, castles and coffins. You
create complete adventure gomes
without progromming, which run
on your disks. As mony adventures
OS you con dream up ■ your
treasures, your own fiendish
riddles, and your treoche
rous plots for your friends to figure
out! You control locations,
treasures, hozards, chorocters, all
descriptions and the plot.
Computer odventures ore one of
the fastest growing hobbies
oround. Send them in for
evoluotion, we could market them
for you. ' graphics included in
Commodore. Com-64 Version
(Disk) list $49.95. Sole S39.9S.
Coupon $34.95. Atari Verilon
(Disk) list S39.95. Sole »29.95.

Dialog — You can create oil the EDUCATIONAl programs you
con imagine without progromming with the DIALOG program.

Dialog is o simple on-screen
process which ollows you to
create the first time you try,
programs to educote children,
inform adults, or just to entertain.
Everything from simple tests to
troining monuols to complete
novels. You control oil the text,
questions and answers. Any
presentation is mode more olive
with the humon give and take of
real questions and answers. The
Dialog system writes all the
computer code onto your disk -to
distribute ony way to like.
Graphics included. (Disk) List
$'19,95, Sole »39.fS.
Coupon $34.95

ELF System — Finally, a simple woy to ereote colculotion/print programs. These are NON-FILE
progroms which let you: (A) Collect information; (B) Number crunch with oil the conditional
calculations you need: (C) Display the results to the screen or printer any way you'd like. It's like
0 spreodsheet without rows ond columns on a super calculating word processor without the
hassle. (Disk) List $39.95, Sale S29.95. Coupon $24.95.

Programming MctdG Easy

Add S3. 00 for shipping, hordjing and insurance. lllinDis residents
ploose odd 6% (ok. Add S6.00 fof CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII.
ALASKA APO-FPO oidori. Canodian orders musi be in U.S. doliors.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CAtslADA.
Encloio Coshitrs CKeck. Money Order or Personol Ctiotk Allow 14
doys lor delivery. 2 to 7 doys lor phono orders, 1 day e)(press moflf
VISA - MASTER CARD - C.O.D.

Mo C.O.D. to Conoda. APOFPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

American Educational

$24.95 Computer $24.95

• Learn at home • Easy To Use • Colorful Graphics • Motivating and Fun » Teocher Designed

All programs were written by teachers and have been classroom
validated. These programs teach in a standard classroom format
with rewards as the user gets through the various lessons.

Atari & Commodore 64

EasyReader Series

There are three programs in this series designed and tested by teachers from the
appropriate grade levels for accurate content. Each disk keeps track of the students name,
ensuring that the user completes one lesson before starting a new one. Animation, Graphics
and sound are used in a successful way that keeps the child's interest as he learns each new
skill. Correct answers are rewarded and wrong answers are corrected. Very easy to use,
with most instructions appearing on the screen when needed.

a

Phonics. A program designed to
teoch beginning phonics: the sound of
vowels and consonants. Helps child to
develop skills for successful reoding.
The moteriol covered follows the
same guidelines ol most textbooks. 8
disk sides; for Kindergarten through
grade 4, (Disk)
List S39.95. Sale $24.95,

Leorn To Read. Provides v^ork with
structural word skills — controctions,
prefixes, suffixes, synonyms and
more. Prepares child for moteriol that
will be covered in the classroom as
well OS building on troditionol school
curriculum. Grades 1-4. (Disk) List
S39.95. Sale $24.95.

■ Atari & Commodore 64

Reading Comprehension, hielps
child to develop reading skills with on
accent on understanding the material
presented. Teaches cause ond effect,
similarities and differences,

predicting outcomes, main ideas ond
more. Grades 1 -8. (Disk)
List $39.95. SaleS24.95.

AEC Spelling — A series of seven educational software progroms for grades 2
through 8. It teaches the spelling of 4.000 words most commonly used in writing
(98% of most people's writing vocabulary). The word lists used are the result of
over 25 years of research into the writing/spelling needs of children and odults.
Eoch grode level consists of one two-sided disk with word lists on one side and
study activities on the other. The activities ore designed to develop mastery in
spelling utilizing a Test/Teach/Test approach. A pre-test is used to find out which
words a user cannot spell correctly. These are recorded on a "Words To Study"
list. The activities for learning these words ore provided. Finally, o post-test is
token by the learner to measure progress. The approach is simple and rewards
are built in. (Grodes 1 -8) List $39.95. Special Sale — 8 programs/4 disks S24.95.

(Disk)

Add S3. 00 lor shipping, handling ond insurcnce. IKfnois reiidents
please odd 6*. io». Add S4,00 (or CANADA. PUERTO RfCO. HAWAII.
ALASKA, APO-FPO orderi. Coi^adion orders muH be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Coshiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
doys lor delivery. 2 to 7 days for phono orders. I day cxproil mail I
VISA MASTERCARD C.O.O

NoC.O.D. to Canada, APO-FPO

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., BarringJon, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

Fantastic Sale!

HES Speciai Programs Far Yaur Computer

While They Last!!

$o

Call Today!!

*9

95

First Come Basis!!

Cell Defense — Quick. Deadly viruses ore rapidly multiplying. If you don'r oct fast they'll
infiltrate your entire bloodstream. And in seconds it'll be over. So blost the invaders with
interferon. And annihilate them with mocrophoges. With Cell Defense, you control your
own immune system. You'll discover bosic concepts in biology. And explore exciting
scientific strotegies. White at the same time, leoding an attack against a host of deadly
viruses. So gel yourself the science simulation gome Cell Defense. Your life may depend
on It. (Disk) List S34. 95. Early Christmas Sole 59.95.

Commodore &4

-^ - -

Super Zaxxon — Use the skills and tactics you learned in Zoxxon to master the new
patterns and dangers in Super Zoxxon. Floating foretresses but with deadlier weapons ond
tighter passageways. 3-dimensional perspective but with even more reolistic graphics, 3-
dimensionol flight but with a perilous tunnel requiring even more precise control. And a
tire-breathing dragon that mokes Zaxxon's robot look like o wimp. (Disk) List $29 95
EorlyChri»tmo$SaleS<.95.

Early

Typing Tutor — Give your children on educotion they'll never get in school. Just think how
much o child could learn if they had their very own private teocher at home. That kind of
specialized help is now ovailoble through educational softwore programs from HesWare
There s Type 'N' Write, for the Commodore 64, that introduces your children to keyboord
s. Touch typing. And even word processing, for creating ond editing up to eiqht paoes
k) List S29.95. Early Christmas Sale $9.95. a t-w

skills
(Dis

Christmas

Turtle Graphics II (LOCO) — An exciting and fun way to discover computer programming
concepts. Turtle Graphics II is on eosy-to-leorn computer language that enobles the beginning
progrommer to master the computer in just a few minutes. By telling an imaginary turtle how to
room abo.ut on the screen, the Turtle Graphics II programmer con creote colorful and artistic
pictures As one becomes more ond more adept at teaching the turtle to point, he or she is
painlessly leorning all of the basics of computer progromming. This not only develops computer
awareness but enriches one's moth, logic, communicotion and artistic skills as,
well. List $29.95. Early Christmas Sale $9.95.

Sate

POOL CHALLENGE— 6 Games in One • Endorsed by Minnesota Fats • Great Action

Now you con ploy pool on your Commodore-64. Sharpen your aiming accuracy and shooting finesse.
Using only o |oystick and o few keystrokes you choose where to aim ond how much power to use
Fontostic action. (Cartridge). List $29.95. Early Christmas Sale $9.95.

Pool Challenge

•M^f^

Add S300 for shipping, handling and insufonce. Illinois resident
please odd 6% lou. Add S6.(X) lor CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII,
ALASKA, APO-FPO orders. Conodian orders must be in U 5 dollars
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES, EXCEPT CANADA,
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personol Chack, Allow M
days for delivery. 3 lo 7 days (or phono orders, I day express moil I

VISA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D.
NoC,0,D, toCnnodo APO FPO

We Love Our CustorriGrs

22293 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 600)0

312/382-5244 to order

TRATEGIC

IMULATIONS HNC.

I

s

More Than Just A Game
It's An Experience

Commodoro 64 • Commodore 64 • Commodore 64 • Commodoro 64 • Commodore 64

Broadsides — A tacticol
simulation of ship-to-ship combat
between sailing ships of the
Napoleonic era. You will match
yourself agoinst another ship
commanded by the computer or by
a human opponent. To be
victorious you may use various
types of ammunition for your
cannons, or you may attempt to
board tfie otfier ship and engage
in close combat using swords and
muskets. (Disk)
List S39.9S. Sale $24.95.

Field of Fire — World War If
combat that ollows you to direct
fire, order assault and movement
of fireteams on a scrolling hi-res.
screen. Lead Easy Company of the
First Infontry Division through
eight historical bottles in North
Africa and Europe. (Disk),
ListS39.95, Sale $23.95.

Computer Baseball — Allows
you to monage some of baseball's
greotest teams, -and make key
monageriol decisions yourself.
AAanipulate pinch hitters, infield
positions, relief pitchers and base
runners, trying to obtain that
small statistical edge which can
mean the difference between
victory and defeat. (Disk)
List $39.95. Sale $24.95.

Add S3>D0 for shipping, hondling and msuranct. Illinois residents
pleoie add 6% ion. Add S4.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
ALASKA APO-f PO orders. Consdian orders musl be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA,
tncloiB Coshiers Cheek. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow \»
doys for d«liv»fy. 2 1o 7 doyi lor phone orders. I day ejtpress malt!
VISA — MASTER CARD - COD,

No COO. loConodo. APO.fPO

Computer Quarterback — This
gome offers true realism in a very
playoble format! Two players
compete by selecting plays and
then watching the animated
action of their teams clash on the
gridiron. The use of the game
paddles allows each team to enter
their ploys in secret (as if in their
respective huddles) until the
offense "hikes" the boll, Fontastic
Action. (Disk)
List $39.95. Sole $24.95.

Computer Ambush — A

simulation of squad versus
squad (man to man) combat in
France during World War II.
Uncertainty foctors ore applied
to all movement to create a
realism unsurpassed by other
wargames. By playing the gome
many tinnes, you will begin to
get a feel for what to expect,
but you will never know for
sure. Thus, we hove here a
game thot truly creates the "fog
or war". Fantastic Realism.
(Disk) List $59.95. Sale $39.95.

Imperium Galactum — You

design your own legion of
storships ranging from

explorers to bottleships. Your
goal is to conquer a universe, a
planet at a time, either by
negotiating on alliance or in
combat. Fontastic Graphics ond
Realistic Combat moke this a
must for everyone. (Disk). List
$39.95. Sale $26.95

We Liove Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 6CX)10

312/382-5244 to order

AT BELOW DEALER COST!

HOWELL Conimodore Compatible

Dot Matrix Computer Printers

PUBtrC NOTICE

INTENSE COMPETITION
IN COMPUTERS
AND PERIPHERALS
LEADS TO AN UNPROFIT-
ABLE LINE FOR
BELL & HOWELL
C.O.M.B. autfiorized to
liquidate current model
printers at BELOW
dealer cost!

« $-M Wl : ISIbl

Factory New.'
First Quality!

Bell & Howell

P-100

• It's very FAST!
Prints 100
characters per
second!

• It's a heavy-
duty model for
those BIG jobs!

• Ideal for office,
business use!

Mfftft selection of interface cables for use on Commodore Computers!

Save big on this hejvy-duiy Bell S Howell print-
er,. , compaiitile with your Commodore Com-
puter" Fits yoiir system [serlectly as ;i supple-
mentary printer (or everyday use . . . even il
you already have anollier dot matrix and/or
lelter quality printerl With ptupHr interlace, it
can also he used with IBM or Apple personal
computers.

Both the P- 100 a P-iao Printers are fasl and Irou-

ble-lree! Bolii liaveiiicmoiy huflers whicti allow
data storage WHILE printer is running, Variety
ol fonts, long-life ritjton. ciisp priming. With
purchase, you yet a TOLL-FREE phone number
to call for usehil lips and answers'

MODEL P-lOO SPECS.

Ctiaract«r Set; Full up [}uf And InwarcAJcf 96 char-
Hctor ASCII sat wilh descimilitri and uiidsi lining,
Softwafe seloclablQ single or double wide choraclw
rents. Graprilc^ High rQsolunon dot Addressabte
graphics.

Print Format: B'liitn length, aochai, puiliniiat 10
CPI; 13G char per liner a I 17 CPI.
Paper Slew (arivartce): 10 linus per lecond. siupptT
motor controlled Uaiur ^^rlijclabia [irDjitijrn roller or
tractor ror>d Input Power: 1 IB volls
Data Input: Piraliol, Cerilroiiici typu 7 brt ASCII
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P-150 PRrNTER Its even lasler (150 CPS).

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Liquidation
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P-150 Printer {ISO characters/second)
Mfr. List: 4,045'"'

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Paperback Writer 64

There are a number of word processors
for the 64 whicti are either too difficult
for the occasional user or too simplistic
for heavy users. Paperback Writer 64 is
in neither category. It's very easy to use,
but includes many advanced features as
well. Although the manual Is thorough
and well-written, you probably won't
need to consult it very often: The pro-
gram disk contains 38 different help
screens. If you need guidance or have a
problem, simply call up a help screen to
get the information you need, then go
right back to writing your document.

Another handy feature is the spell-
ing checker, which automatically
checks the spelling of every word in
your document. The spelling checker
builds up a dictionary on disk by read-
ing words from your documents {so the
more you use it, the more it knows).
When it finds a word it doesn't know,
you have the option of adding it to the
dictionary as a new word or immediate-
ly correcting the misspelHng in your
document file.

Paperback Writer works with many
popular printers and offers 40- or 80-
column screen display. 80-column
mode lets you see exactly what the fin-
ished document will look like as you
type it. However, this mode is (un-
avoidably) slower than 40 columns,
and while the 80-column display is ac-
ceptable with a monochrome monitor,
it's somewhat hard to read on a Com-
modore monitor. The authors are aware
of this and suggest writing in the fast
40-column mode, then previewing the
document format in 80 columns before
printing. A version for the Commodore
128 and 1541 disk drive is also
available.

Digital Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 345, Stn 'A'
Willow dak, Ontario
Canada M2N 559
64 version $39.95 tdiski
US version $49.95 (disk)

Super Bowl Sunday

If you're a pro football fan and have a
64, this game is a must for your soft-
ware library. Included are 20 of the
greatest all-time Super Bowl teams (op-
tional season disks are available). Each
team is a carefully detailed reproduc-
tton of the original team, with statistics
defining the strengths and weaknesses
of individual players. All 22 players are

graphically displayed, and each is ani-
mated as the play begins. By selecting
from dozens of available offensive and
defensive formations via menus, you
call the game. If you call a running play,
you choose who carries the ball. If you
suspect an end-run, you .decide which
linebacker blitzes. Statistics are avail-
able at all times to monitor player effec-
tiveness in any situation.

Game play is realistic — offsetting
penalties, timeouts, injuries, double-
teaming receivers, fatigue factors, and
so on — and up-to-the-minute individ-
ual team and game statistics are avail-
able at any time. Super Bowl Sunday also
offers three modes of play: You can
play against the computer or a human
opponent, or sit back and watch the
computer play against itself, (The latter
mode is an interesting way to see which
is really the best-ever Super Bowl
team,) Super Bmvi Sunday is a feature-
laden, yet easy-to-play game that will
please even the most avid pro football
fan.

The Avalon Hilt Game Company
4517 Hartford Rd.
Baltimore, MD 21224
$30 (disk)

Pbantasie

SSI has created an excellent fantasy
role-playing game which should keep
you glued to your 64 for a long time.
Very much in the tradition of the best of
this kind of adventure game, Phantasie
lets you put together a band of adven-
turers to search the Isle of Gelnor.
Overcoming the Black Knights and
their leader, the Dark Lord, is your
quest. You'll need to choose your band
of heroes well, since interaction among
them is crucial to your success. The
game employs a vertical split screen ap-
proach, showing you both the area in
which you're traveling and the party of
adventurers. You'll battle monsters,
collect treasure, wield magic, and ex-
plore wilderness and dark dungeons.
The graphics are excellent, and play-
ability is one of the game's strongest
features. If you're just getting started
with adventure gaming, this is a very
good first choice. If you're experienced,
you'll appreciate all of the attention to
detail.

. Strategic Simulations, Inc.
833 Stierlin Rd., Building A-200
Mountain View, CA 94043-1983
$39.95 (disk) ^

Davidson is
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For math, speed reading, spelling and vocabulary.
Davidson's award winning software outsells all others.
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Apple™. Macintosh'". IBM™,
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SPEED READER D can quadruple your reading
speed and improve your comprehension. Develop
, good reading habits, chart your
progress, and have fun! For high
school age through adult Apple
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j Commodore 64/128™. 69.95
i

WORD- ATTACK lets students ten through aduh
dtscovef the meanings and us^es of 675 new wotds.
Includes a hm. last-action arcade
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SFBl IT teaches ten year okte and older how to
spell a thousand and one of our most commonly

misspelled words. Vivid graphics,
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USR Joystick Reader

Tim Gerchmez

Programming the joystick in BASIC
may give disappointing results. It's
just too slow. This program offers
the speed of machine language for
use in BASIC programs. For the 64
and VIC-20.

One of the most important de-
cisions a computer manufacturer
makes when designing a new com-
puter is how many features to in-
clude. The more features, the
higher the cost. In order to keep the
price of the VIC and 64 competitive
while still maintaining superior
sound and graphics, Commodore
decided to take a few shortcuts with
the BASIC language, Simply read-
ing the joystick, for example, re-
quires a complex series of POKEs
and PEEKs. It's not only com-
plicated but also slow.

"USR Joystick Reader" makes
reading a joystick quicker and eas-
ier. It employs the USR function to
simulate the JOY function found in
the much larger versions of BASIC
included with the Plus/4, 16, and
128.

TKe Mysterious USR

USR (which stands for user) is not a
fitting name for this function. It's
hardly used at all because most peo-
ple don't know how to make it
work or what it does.

USR is like a cross between
SYS and FN. Instead of defining the
function in BASIC using the DEF
FN statement, the function is writ-
ten in machine language (ML).
First, you either POKE or load the
ML into memory. Then you tell the
computer where your ML routine is
by POKEing locations 785 and 786

94 COMPUTEIs Gazetta October 1985

(locations 1 and 2 on the VIC) with
the low- and high-byte of the start-
ing address.

Now that you've defined the
function, you're ready to put USR
in your BASIC program. As with
FN, USR is followed by a numeric
expression in parentheses. It can be
a number as in USR(6), a variable
like USR(X), or a complex ex-
pression such as USR(PEEK(X) +
256*PEEK(X-f 1)). When the USR
function is executed, the computer
evaluates the expression in paren-
theses and puts that value into
floating-point accumulator 1
(FACl). {For more information on
FACl and USR, refer to Program-
ming the 64 or Programming the VIC,
published by COMPUTE! Books.)

It then executes your ML rou-
tine, which takes the floating point
number in FACl, processes it in
some manner, and stores the result
back into FACl. If you end your
routine with an RTS instruction, the
computer returns to BASIC and
makes USR equal to the new value
in FACl, USR can then be treated
like any other value as in
Y = USR{X) or PRINT USR(3).

USR is easier to use than SYS
because you can pass values be-
tween BASIC and ML and you
don't have to specify an address.
It's faster than FN because the func-
tion is defined in ML, But it's more
difficult to set up than either one.

Putting USR To Work

Fortunately, you don't have to
know anything about USR to add
USR Joystick Reader to your own
programs. Just type in the appro-
priate version for your computer
and save it on tape or disk. Now
type RUN. The program is a BASIC
loader which POKEs an ML joy-
stick reader into memory and
points the USR vector to it. If
"DATA ERROR" is displayed,
you've made a typing error in the

DATA statements and you should
correct your mistake and resave the
program.

Now instead of typing a series
of PEEKS and POKEs, just use
A = USR(1) to read a joystick in port
1 or A=USR(2) to read port 2 (since
the VIC has only one joystick port,
use A=USR(1) only). The value of
A will be a number from 1 to 8
corresponding to the eight direc-
tions and 0 if the joystick is in the
center position (see the figure). To
read the fire button, use B = USR(3)
for port 1 or B=USR(4) for port 2
(on the VIC, B = USR(2) only). The
value of B will be 1 if the button is
pressed, and 0 if it's not.

» 2

Joystick directions

To use USR Joystick Reader in
your own program, include it at the
beginning. You can add the follow-
ing lines to the loader program, to
check if the joystick (port 1 on the
64) is pointing to the right;

200 A^USRdhlF A = 2 THEN PRINT

"RIGHT"
220 GOTO 200

You can also check for the fire but-
ton by adding this line (on the VIC,
use USR(2)):

210 B = USR(3):IF B = l THEN PRINT
'TIRE"

See program listings on page 126. m

POWERPLAN

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POWER & KNOWLEDGE
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PowerPlan - super spreadsheet
Start with an easy to learn spreadsheet,
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XPER - KNOWLEDGE BASE SOFTWARE

Ordinary data bases are good at memor-
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Call now for free software and book catalog and the name of your local dealer. If he is
out of stock, have your dealer order our quality products for you. To order by credit
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Software

P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510 For Fast Service Cad (616J 241-5510

X

BASIC

Kevin Martin, Editorial Programmer

This powerful BASIC extension for the Commo-
dore 64 focuses on two of the most complex areas
to program: graphics and sound. With 33 new
commands, it offers control of high-resolution
screens, character and screen display functions,
sprites, and sound.

Two of the most complex and te-
dious areas of programming on the
64 are graphics and sound. Even
some of the most elementary
graphics and sound routines re-
quire a lot of programming time
and long strings of POKEs. "X
BASIC" (extended BASIC) is a pro-
grammer's language that does
much of the difficult programming
for you, allowing you more time to
design and experiment.

Written entirely in machine
language, X BASIC adds 33 graph-
ics and sound commands to BASIC;
7 commands for hi- res; 7 for screen
and character functions; 6 for sprite
creation and manipulation; 10 for
sound; 2 for joystick control; and 1
for exiting the program.

Typing Instructions

X BASIC is written entirely in ma-
chine language and requires
"MLX" to type in. MLX appears fre-
quently in COMPUTEI's GAZETTE.
After loading MLX, run it. When
prompted for the starting and end-
ing addresses, enter 49152 and
52073, respectively, then enter X

96 COMPUTEI's Gazette October ISflS

BASIC, When finished typing in the
program, save a copy. To load X
BASIC, type LOAD "filename", 8,1
(disk) or LOAD "filename",!,!

(tape). To activate it, type SYS
49152.

All commands can be used in
direct mode as well as program
mode. Some commands need to be
followed by one or more parame-
ters consisting of numbers or
strings. The parameters can be vari-
ables (X or N$) or actual values (5 or
"HELLO"). Numeric parameters
must be within a specified range.
Attempting to use a number that's
outside the range of legal values re-
sults in an ILLEGAL QUANTITY
error. Also, if you try to use a num-
ber for a parameter which requires
a string, or vice versa, you'll receive
a TYPE MISMATCH ERROR.
(Note: All X BASIC commands are hi
boldface capital letters. Command pa-
rameters follow in boldface lowercase
letters.)

Hi-Res Graphics Commands

HIRES; Turns on the hi-res screen
and sets it to multicolor mode. (All
hi-res graphics in X BASIC are set

up for multicolor mode.) The hi-res
screen is located underneath the
Kernal ROM starting at $EO0O. You
can POKE directly to the screen, but
you can't PEEK the screen unless
you switch out the Kernal.
TEXT: Returns to normal text
mode. Always use TEXT to go from
hi-res mode to normal display. Da not
exit hi-res with RUN/STOP-
RESTORE.

CLEAR colorQ,colorl, color!,
colorS: Clears the hi-res screen and
lets you choose the colors for plot-
ting. ColorQ corresponds to the 01
bit pair, colorl the 10 bit pair, and
color! the 11 bit pair. Color3 is the
background color. The values for
the colors correspond to the POKE
values in the range 0-15.
COLR color #: Selects the color for
the PLOT and LINE commands on
the hi-res screen. Its parameter al-
lows you to select one of the four
colors (0-3) defined by the CLEAR
command.

PLOT x,y: Plots a point on the hi-
res screen in the current color. If the
color is 3 (the background color), it
effectively erases a point. The x-
coordinate is the distance from the
left edge of the screen and ranges
between 0-159. The y-coordinate is
the distance from the top of the
screen between 0-199,
LINE xtyl TO x2,tf2i Draws a line
between xl,yl and x2,y2 in the cur-
rent color (or erases like PLOT).
The x-coordinates range between
0-159, the y-coordinates between
0-199.

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HPRNT string: Prints a string on
the hi-res screen at the location set
by LOCATE (see below). When the
hi-res screen is in multicolor mode,
the characters will appear distorted.
Multicolor mode can be turned off
with the MULTL 0 command.
HPRNT defaults to the uppercase/
graphics character set. If you'd pre-
fer the upper/lowercase set, enter
this line; POKE 50819,216. To re-
turn to uppercase/graphics, POKE
50819,208. You can mix characters
from the two character sets on the
same screen.

Screen And Character
Commands

BRDR color #: Sets border color,
Color# must be a number from
0-15.

SCREEN color#: Sets screen color.
Color# must be a number from
0-15.

CENTER string: Centers a string of
characters on the current line of
text, then prints a RETURN. The
string must be 1-38 characters long.
LOCATE x,y: Positions the current
printing location on the text or hi-
res screen to x,y. X must be between
0-39, and Y between 0-24.
MULTI 0 or MULTI \,colorl,
color!'. MULTI 0 turns off multicol-
or mode. MULTI 1 (with the two
color parameters, between 0-15)
turns on multicolor mode. Colorl
corresponds to the 01 bit pair, and
colorl the 10 bit pair.
EXTND 0 or EXTND l,co/or7,
color2,color3: EXTND 0 turns off
extended background mode,
EXTND 1 (with background color
parameters, between 0-15) turns
on extended background mode.
Characters with a POKE value of
64-127 use colorl for the back-
ground, characters 128-191 use
colorl, and characters 192-255 use
color3. Note: extetided background
color mode cannot be used when the
hi-res screen is turned on.
CSET block: Copies the uppercase
character set from ROM to RAM at
block*1014. Block should be a num-
ber between 1-15. This command
is handy when using custom char-
acters. You may have to prevent
BASIC and the character set from
interfering with each other by mov-
ing the bottom (or top) of memory.
Here's a short program that
I demonstrates the use of some of the

98 COMPUTEfs Gazelle October 198S

hi-res and screen and character
commands above. After X BASIC is
activated, type in this program and
run it. You might try changing
some of the X BASIC command'pa-
ra meters for various effects.

100 BRDR0

110 HIRES

120 CLEAR 1,2,3,4

130 LOCATE 10,10

140 HPRNT "HELLO"

150 FORI=0TO3

160 COLRI

170 LINE 0,0TO159,1S9

1S0 LINE 0,199 TO 159,0

190 NEXT

200 GETA$!lFAS»""THEN150

210 TEXT

220 END

Sprite Commands

All of the sprite commands are for
use in text mode only. You cannot
use these commands for putting
sprites on a hi-res screen.

SPRITE sprite #,block,color: De-
fines a sprite. Sprite# is the sprite
number (0-7), block is the block
number of the sprite definition
(0-255), and color is the sprite color
(0-15). The sprite shapes can be put
in any free area of memory from
0-16383, You may have to move
the bottom or top of memory to
avoid memory conflicts,
SPRAT sprite #,xexp,yexp,priori-
ty,multi: Sets the sprite attributes
(characteristics). To turn an attri-
bute on, use 1; to turn it off, use 0.
Xexp expands in the x-direction,
yexp in the y-direcdon. The prioriti/
parameter determines whether the
sprite has priority over screen char-
acters. For example, if you want a
sprite to pass over a screen charac-
ter, the sprite has priority, thus a
parameter of 1. If the sprite is to
pass under a screen character, the
parameter should be 0. The multi
parameter makes the sprite multi-
colored. The colors are specified
with SPRMULT.

SPRMULT colorl, colorl:

SPRMULT sets the two additional
sprite colors used in multicolor
mode. The parameters must be
within 0-15.

ASPRITE sprite^: Activates a
sprite, Sprite# must be 0-7.
DSPRITE sprite #: Deactivates a
sprite. Sprite# must be 0-7,
MOVE sprite #,x,yt Moves a sprite
to the coordinates (x,y), based on
the upper lefthand corner of the
sprite. Sprite# must be 0-7. X must

be in the range 0-511, y in the
range 0-255. Note that the coordi-
nates do not correspond to the
screen coordinates; some locations
may cause sprites to be partially or
completely off the visible screen
area.

This short program is a basic
example of how to create and ani-
mate a sprite:

100 BRDR 0: SCREEN 11

110 SPRITE 1,123,7

120 SPRMULT 1,3

130 ASPRITE 1

140 PORJ=0TO1: SPRAT 1,J,J,J,J

150 FORI'-0TO350

160 MOVE 1,1,100

170 NEXTI,J

Sound Commands

SID: Clears the SID (sound) chip.
VOL volt{me#: Sets the volume
register. Volu!!ie# must be 0-15.
ENVELOPE voice i^M,srtpulse
width): Sets the attack, decay, sus-
tain, release, and optionally (paren-
theses indicate an optional
parameter) the pulse width. Voice*
must be 1-3. Ad (attack and decay)
and sr (sustain and release) each
must be in the range 0-255. Pulse
width must be in the range 0-4095,
WAVE voice # ,ivaveform(sync)
(ring): Sets the waveform. You
must specify the voice number fol-
lowed by T, S, P, or N for triangle,
sawtooth, pulse, and noise, respec-
tively. Optionally, you can add s for
synchronization, and r for ring
modulation. Here are some exam-
ples: WAVE 1,TSR (triangle wave-
form with synchronizadon and ring
modulation); WAVE 3, PR (pulse
waveform with ring modulation);
WAVE 2,SS (sawtooth waveform
with synchronizadon).
FRQ voice #,frequettctfi Sets the
frequency in the range 0-65535.
Voice# must be 1-3.

GATE voice #,oti /off: Gates a
voice on or off. Voice# must be 1-3
followed by 0 to turn the gate bit off
or 1 to turn it on.

The following sound com-
mands deal only with filters. Some
programmers may not be interested
in these, but if you have a serious
interest in 64 sound, you'll find
these handy,

FCUT cutoff: Sets the cutoff fre-
quency. Cutoff must be in the range
0-2047.

FRSN resonance: Sets the filter res-
onance. Resonance must be in the

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• Byte, Word, Intcf^er & Real types.

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• I'unctions and procedures with
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• Built-in 1/0 library.

• Control Statements; IP-IU.Sl', IP,
WHILE, FOR, CHOOSE, BREAK,
REPEAT, INCLUDE, etc.

• Compiler I/O iVom/to disk or
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Executive'

Command oriented with line
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Allows multiple user pro-
grams in memory at once

Function key redehnition.

Program abort or pause.

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I

range 0-15,

FMODE type: Selects the filter
type. Type can be H for high band
filters, L for low band, B for band-
pass, or a combination of these. For
example, FMODE HBL for all types;
FMODE HL for high and low.
FILTER voice #,ott/ off: Turns the
filter on or off. Voice# must be in
the range 1-3 followed by 0 to turn
off the filter or 1 to turn it on.

To demonstrate the sound
commands, type in this program.
By playing with the parameters,
you can produce some most unusu-
al effects.

100

SID

UD

VOL

L5

iia

FORI =

= 1T03

130

ENVELOPp I

15,240,2000

140

FILTER I,i

150

NEXT

1G0

FRSN

15

170

tT^ODE H

180

WAVE

1,TSR

190

VJAVE

2,SS

200

WAVE

3,P

210

GATE

1,1

220

GATE

2,1

2 30

GATE

3,1

240

FRO 1

,4000

250

FRO ;

,6000

260

F0RI=

10OTO2000

270

FCUT

Izt-RQ

3,20000-1*10

280

NEXT

290

SID

Joystick Commands

The parameters for these com-
mands require parentheses ( ). Note
the examples in the descriptions
below,

STICK joystick^: Reads the joy-
stick direction. JoysticM must be'l
to read port 1, or 2 for port 2. This
command returns a value in the
range 0-8, so it must bo used like a
function (X = 5TICK{1), for ex-
ample). Values 1-8 correspond to
the eight possible directions as
shown in the figure. The value is 0
if the joystick is centered.

3*

BTN joystick#: Returns a value of
1 if the firebutton is pressed, or 0 if
it's not. Joy5tick# must be 1 or 2. As
with STICK, this command is a
function. A good way to use it is
within an IF-THEN statement {IF
BTN(1)=1 THEN ...).

Reset Command

QUIT: Disengages X BASIC by re-
setting all vectors to normal.

Space doesn't permit a lengthy
discussion of hozii to program
graphics and sound on the 64, If
you've had experience in these areas,
you'll find this utility an efficient
tool. If you're a beginning program-
mer, you may wish to consult the
Programmer's Reference Guide for
specific information on program-
ming graphics and sound.

Quick Reference Chart for X
BASIC Commands

Hi-Res Graphics Commands

HIRES

TEXT

CLEAR colorO,eotorl,coloT2,cohr3

COLR colore

PLOT x,i/

LINE xl,ifl TO x2,if2

HPRNT string

Screen And Character Commands

BRDR eD;or#

SCREEN colorM

CENTER string

LOCATE x,t/

MULTI 0 or MULTI l,co/orl,e<j(or2

EXTND 0 or EXTND Uohrl,color2,cotor3

CSET block

Sprite Commands

SPRITE sprite n,block,cohT

SPRAT sprite #,xexp,yexp,priority,mu\ti

SPRMULT color 1, color!

ASPRITE sprite #

DSPRITEs;irr(e#

MOVEsp«/£'#,j:,y

Sound Commands
SID

VOL volume*

ENVELOPE voice »,ad,sr(,pulse width)

WAVE voice # ,ivm'eform(syncHring)

FRQ voice it, frequency

GATE voice #, on /off

FCUT cutoff

FRSN resonance

FMODE type

FILTER voice if, on /off

Joystick Commands

STICK /Oi^s/ic*)*

BTNjf'oysficit*

(Jot/stick it's must be in parenlheses)

Reset Command ' .'

QUIT y///////m

too COMPUTEfs Gazette October 19S5

See program listing on page 136.

Unless you learn to pro-
gram, your use of a com-
puter will always be
limited to entering or ex-
tracting information from "canned"
applications software. Commercial
software continues to become easi-
er to use while growing more pow-
erful and more flexible. But it's hard
to trace your family tree with a
database, plot a biorhythm with
your graphing utility, or manage
your paper route with a spread-
sheet. Programmers are not limited
by what programs they can buy^
but are free to design their own cus-
tom applications.

By programming, you gain full
control over your machine. The
simplest computer is a far more
powerful tool in the hands of the
programmer. Even beginning pro-
grammers have more control over
their machines than the sawiest
dBASE users.

BASIC was designed especially
for the beginner. The acronym (Be-
ginner's All-purpose Symbolic In-
struction Code) is a bit contrived,
but the language is indeed easily
picked up. There are about 50 com-
mands to memorize, but you don't
need to learn them all at once. Once
you're able to break down your
idea into a detailed recipe-like se-
quence of steps, you can translate
these steps into BASIC instructions.

BASIC is built into or available
for almost every computer, and is
the most popular general-purpose
programming language. However,
BASIC does not meet everyone's
needs. It's too slow for system func-
tions, games, heavy number
crunching, or intensive disk access.
BASIC programs can be unbearably
slow, though the language is fast
enough for many applications.

Designed for the beginner,
BASIC cramps the style of the more
advanced programmer. Its archaic
use of a line-number-based editor is
one example; today's modern lan-
guages (including special versions
of BASIC) use word-processor-style

Language Of
The Future

?

Charles Brannon
Program Editor

Although C has been a

popular mainframe and
minicomputer programming
language for several years, it
is now perceived as a hot
new language, demanding
attention as a unique
programming tool for
microcomputers. It's used as
the primary language for
applications programmers
on the IBM Pt:> Apple
Macintosh, Atari ST, and
Commodore Amiga^C is
: faster and more, flexible
than BASIC. As better C
.^-Compilers and interpreters
^tfj are becorri ing ayai lab! e,
;4^some suspect that C could
-■emerge as a new standard

, f 0 r m icrocomputers,
toppling even the long reign
of BASIC

..,.„„„

editors, GOTOs are replaced with
structures like WHiLE/WEND.
Meaningless line-number refer-
ences like GOSUB 10023 are re-
placed by meaningful statements
like DISPLAY.SCORE.

Modern language concepts
permit variables to be either
specific to a subroutine or shared
between all parts of a program.
Also, some languages are extensi-
ble: New functions can be written
in the language. Once you write a
function, it can become a new word
in the language, just like any com-
mand. Function libraries can be
built up and programs designed by
combining pretested routines.

Many of these beyond-BASIC
languages, including Pascal, C,
Ada, and Modula-2, are compiler
languages. You lose some of the
convenience of BASIC program-
ming when using a compiler. You
write your program in the editor,
submit it to the compiler, wait for
the program to compile, then link
the compiled program with other
subprograms and library routines
to create a runnable program.

You have to go through the en-
tire load editor/load program/edit
program/save program/load
compiler/compile program/load
linker/link program/execute pro-
gram sequence every time you
want to correct and test even a triv-
ial bug. This alone discourages
many beginners from even trying to
program in a compiled language.
The interactive, forgiving environ-
ment of BASIC is better to learn
with. However, there are C inter-
preters available for some ma-
chines. The interpreters are ideal
.'or learning the language or interac-
tively programming in C, although
they're slower and may not permit
all the options supported by a true
compiler. However, once the pro-
gram works, you can go through
the formal compile/link process to
produce a fast, efficient program
module.

COMPUTEfs Gaz«te Octotwr 19BS 101

The primary advantage of a
compiler is increased execution
speed. Instead of an interpreter ex-
amining and translating each state-
ment of a program while the
program runs, a compiler converts
the program to machine language
all at once. For the computer, it's
like the difference between under-
standing French by tediously trans-
lating it into English versus being
born and raised in France.

A compiler/linker also facili-
tates the sharing of prewritten/
pretested routines. Why constantly
reinvent the wheel when you can
pick and choose from a huge inven-
tory of subprograms?

While BASIC, Pascal, and ma-
chine language have been
vying for programmers' attention,
C quietly sneaked in and took over
applications programming in some
environments. C was used to write
a number of major software prod-
ucts, from Lotus 1-2-3 to the AT&T
Unix multitasking operating system
for minicomputers, C represents an
efficient mix of low- level, fast oper-
ations and high-level language con-
structs, such as arrays, record
structures, and user-defined vari-
able types.

C is also highly transportable,
so you can write long, complex pro-
grams that will run fairly quickly on
any other machine's C compiler.
Programmers can develop on their
favorite machine, then transport
most of their code to another com-
puter with few changes.

C is the inner language of the
Amiga. In fact, much of the operat-
ing system and nearly all the Amiga
applications are written in C. In
practice, C is the machine language
of the Amiga, with real machine
language used only for speed-critical
subroutines. The entire operating
system is designed to interface with
C, so, in effect, all of the Kernal is
part of your language. C is amaz-
ingly fast on the Amiga, even with
the advanced windowing and multi-
tasking features.

C code is terser and harder to
read than BASIC, but the compact
style of the code makes the compil-
er's job simpler. C is designed
around the concept of "smaller is
better." It has only a handful of
statements and operators, making it
a tiny language, but the language is

r02 COMPUTE! s Qazeao Oclobw 1986

effectively extended by subrou-
tines. For example, there are no
input/output statements like
PRINT built into C, but the printf
function, which works something
like PRINT USING, is always avail-
able in the standard library.

The best way to understand a
language is to follow an ex-
ample program. We'll assume that
you're familiar with BASIC, so we'll
compare a C program to the equiva-
ient BASIC. The example is a
simple bubble sort demo that
scrambles a list of 100 numbers,
then sorts it.

Both the BASIC and C pro-
grams are written in their respective
styles. The BASIC is standard Com-
modore 64 BASIC. The C program
was written with the Super C Lan-
guage Compile!' for the 64 from
Abacus Software.

The C program is formatted
with plenty of space to show nest-
ing. It's broken up into small, indi-
vidually testable modules. It uses
long, meaningful variable names,
and most commands are on a line of
their own. Nothing prevents you
from writing the program all
mashed together as one huge pro-
gram line, but since the compiler
throws out spaces, there's no rea-
son to compact a program to save
memory or make it run faster. Most
C programmers follow this "pretty-
printing" style when programming.
Some editors and compilers even
insert the indentadon for you.

The BASIC program is written
compactly to conserve memory,
which makes an interpreter run
faster. Commodore BASIC does not
safely permit long variable names
or named subroutines, so GOSUB is
needed. There is no repeat com-
mand, so GOTO is substituted. The
BASIC program is harder to read. It
could have been written with one
statement per line with plenty of
extraneous REMarks to identify the
meaning of the GOSUBs, and with
indenting. Few BASIC program-
mers do so.

Finally, some readers might
conclude that the benchmark
makes BASIC look bad or find the
C code inefficient, but no bench-
mark can accurately compare such
different languages. These pro-
grams are intended to be illustrative
rather than ideal.

The C program starts out with
commands preceded by #'s.
These are commands to the compil-
er's preprocessor, not actual C com-
mands. The #iticlude command
tells the compiler to include the li-
brary functions from a library
"stdio" standard to all C languages.
The standard input/output (stdio)
library permits the use of printf . The
ndefine commands effectively sub-
sdtute the constant for the all -caps
macro names. This is not the same
as using a variable, since this sub-
stitution is done during the compi-
lation, not during the program run.
The #define's permit us to use
meaningful constants v^'ithout the
speed or memory constraints of
variables.

Line 5 of the C program is the
equivalent of DIMensioning an
integer array. The prefix static
causes the array to be inidalized to
zero and unsigned makes the range
of the integers from 0-65535 in-
stead of from -32768-32767.

The mainO loop is like a "wish
list" of the program recipe. It does
not perform the actual functions,
but choreographs the execution of
the program. The program flows
like this: (1) Scramble the list; (2)
Display the list to see that all the
numbers are scrambled; (3) Sort the
list; (4) Display the list to see that
the list is sorted. Notice how each
statement ends with a semicolon.
Statements are not terminated at
the end of a line as in BASIC, but
only by semicolons. The semico-
lons let you write long, extended
sections of code. Open and closed
braces are used to define a block of
code which will be seen as a single
entity.

The function scramble— list de-
fines a variable for its own use in
line 14. Variables are defined as
needed, then discarded after use,
saving memory and preventing
variable name conflicts between
subroutines. You can also define
variables to be global, available at
all times to all parts of a program.
The C equivalent of FOR-
NEXT includes the starting value of
the index, the ending condition of
the loop, and a statement to change
the value of the index. The ++ op-
erator increments the index
through the loop. You could alter-
nately multiply I by two, decrement
it, change it from a list, skip by

four—whatever it takes to iterate
your loop. Eitlter a single statement
or a block of code set off with braces
can be repeated. The C FOR state-
ment is more flexible than the sim-
ple BASIC counterpart.

We need to define our own
random function, since C does not
include one. The formula is
straightforward with * for multipli-
cation, + for addition, and % for

modulo (the remainder after an
integer division). As you can see,
functions can live up to their name
by returning a value. This is rough-
ly like using DEF FN in BASIC,

The display—list function
dumps the integer array to the
screen. The /or loop works the same
as before, and the %u (unsigned
display of an integer) option of
prinil displays our 16-bit integers

:w/// ■ '/imm'.w/f-W-'w,

-BubbJe Sort Demo

BASIC Version-

10 DIH L%{100) '^M/M//^

20 GOSUB 100!GOSUB 200^^»'

30 PRINT : PEI NT "SORTINGVVf *tGOSUB300;<

40 PRIMT"FINISHED.";GOSUB 200

50 END

100 FORI=flT09'3:l,«(I) = 3276«*!WD(l) :NEXT:BETUKN

"im PORI=0TO99!PRINTL%(I); tNEXT;PRINT:RETURN '

|00 EX=0:FORI'=0TO98

^10 IFL% ( I ) > L'i ( i> 1 )THENH=L% { I ) : L%( I ) = L% ( .1+1 ) :!■% { I-i-l

W''- H;EX=1

320 NEXTiIFEX=lTHEN300

av330 RETURN -■W^y^f^^WW-

ttincluda "atdiD.c'

»dBflnB SI;:E IQC''^:

»def ins TRUE 1 ■':

ttdefine FflLSE Q

static unsigned listCSIZEH;

mainC 3

C screnvblEilistt 3; displaL|.„lJ

printFC"\nSortinH. . .\n"3 :

sort,.liat< 3;

printf C "NnFintsnsd . Nn'

d i sp 1 ay _1 i 3t fci!j*/»

acramble_i ^atC )

{ int i;

for Ci-0u<SI2E;;:
, 5

int rndC)

I c static unsigned saod" .,„ ,, ,

I return sBBd~Csead*5S7*3l4lS7^eSS3B';

I >
display. ..listC 3,^^^^^

I c i nt i ; 'wMmm/m,,.,.. , „,„,,

I For Ci-0; i<SI2E;i+-»-3 printfC'^u ".listCt.

i sort_liStC3

i C int l.Bxchanged.nold.

' do %

,„ty, exchanged- FALSE; ">
""mar <:i"Oii<SIZE-l; i + + 3
"X if Clisti:i3>listCi-H3 3:i;

1

C hDld-listCi]

listCi3-listCi*13,j
|li3t;Ci+13-hDld;
iBXchanQBd-TRUE ;

without interpreting some numbers
as negative. As you can see, the
^riHf/ function works like the
PRINT USING found in some
BASICS.

The sorting program is com-
pletely parallel to the BASIC
program. A bubble sort works by
comparing adjacent items in a list,
and switching the pair if they're out
of order. By repeated passes
through the list, the lower numbers
are swapped towards the tup of the
list ("bubbling" to the top) while
the higher numbers move toward
the bottom of the list. When no pair
has been exchanged after a pass
through the list, we know the list is
in order.

Our C bubble sort repeats the
loop as long as the exchange flag is
TRUE (nonzero). Each time we start
a pass through the array, we set the
exchange flag to FALSE. The in-
dexed item and its successor are
compared with the IF statement,
which works similarly to BASIC'S
IF, Notice that = = is used for a test
for equality; the = symbol assigns
values.

The C program took 1 minute
and 35 seconds to sort the list (the
time taken to scramble and display
the list are not counted), with
BASIC clocking in at 2 minutes
even.

This is not the kind of differ-
ence in performance that makes
you want to abandon BASIC and
embrace C. However, with relative-
ly simple changes, the sort module
can sort any array of any size, mak-
ing it a useful language command,
not just a subroutine. The #define's
let us easily change the size of the
array throughout the program. In
practice, C programmers first write
their application in C and then re-
place time-critical sections with
pure machine language, just as
many BASIC programmers do.

Unless you're using C on other
machines, it may not be worth your
while to use C on the 64. However,
using a C compiler on the 64 is a
great way to learn C, to prepare
yourself for programming another
machine, like the Amiga. Also, the
convenience of using an extensible,
powerful language is more appar-
ent when you design large, com-
plex programs. V

COMPU rcrs GazefW Octnbef 19B5 103

Automatic Syntax Checker

Phili|) I. Nelson, Assistant Editor

How many times have you typed PRNIT instead
of PRINT, or LIT instead of LIST? When it
comes to typing, none of us is perfect. This auto-
matic utility for the Commodore 64 can save you
a lot of time by catching such mistakes before
they're added to your programs.

Unlike some other computers, ttie
Commodore 64 doesn't ctiecl«;
BASIC lines for errors as you type
tliem in. We all know a line like 010
M0NK!;Y(BiZ)*5-DOGA$# is non-
sense, but in many ways ttie com-
puter treats it as normnl BASIC.
You can type in ttiat line, list it, re-
number it, even save it as a program
and load it back into memory with-
out any protest from your 64.

When a line starts with a num-
ber, the computer simply stores it in
BASIC memory — no questions
asked. The 64, like all other Com-
modore computers, can't find mis-
takes until it's running a program.
As a result, after spending hours
writing a program, you may spend
hours more watching it crash until
you've corrected all the typing
errors.

"Automatic Syntax Checker"
eliminates that headache by adding
automatic error checking to vour
Commodore 64 's BASIC. Once the
Syntax Checker is installed, the
computer automatically checks
every BASIC line you type in. If the
line is free of typing errors, it's
added to your program as usual. If
not, the Syntax Checker prints an
error message and lets you try
again. Since the lino isn't correct,
the Syntax Checker doesn't add it

104 COMPurers Gaioae October 1985

to your program.

Getting Started

Automatic Syntax Checker is writ-
ten entirely in machine language,
so you'll need to use MLX, the ma-
chine language entry program pub-
lished frequently in the GAZCTTE.
Though it's written in machine lan-
guage, you can use this program
without understanding machine
language at all. If you're using tape,
change POKE782',l to POKE782,0
in line 763 of MLX before running
MLX, Here's the information you
need to type in Automatic Syntax
Checker with MLX:

Starting address: 19152
Ending address: 50109

Once you've saved the pro-
gram, load and run it as vnu would
any BASIC program. Do not tnj to
start this progratii icith SYS. Because
it handles like BASIC, it's easy to
make new copies of the Syntax
Checker as well. Simply save it on a
new disk or tape as you would a
BASIC program.

When you run the Syntax
Checker, it moves itself from
BASIC program space to a safe
memory location at 49152. After a
brief preparation, it performs a
NEW to let you type in your own
programs. When you see the mes-

sage CHECKER ON, you know the
Checker is ready to go, Since this
utility does NEW after installing it-
self, you should always run it before
you load or type in any other
program.

Although you can run BASIC
programs while the Syntax Checker
is active, some programs may
POKE into the same memory space
at 49152 or disrupt it in other ways.
Thus, it's wise to turn the Syntax
Checker off before you run any
BASIC program. Type SYS 49152
and press RETURN: The message
CHECKER OFF tells you the sys-
tem is back to normal. To turn the
Checker back on, enter SYS 49152
again (it won't do a NEW this time).
Once the Syntax Checker is in-
stalled, SYS 49152 turns it on or off
safely, whenever you want, with-
out disturbing the BASIC program
in memory.

Automatic Error Checking

When the Syntax Checker is active,
it analyzes every line you type into
the computer. If you type a com-
mand in direct mode (without a line
number), the Syntax Checker sim-
ply passes it along to the computer
(Commodore BASIC can find direct
mode errors by itself). Thus, you
can use direct commands as usual
to load and save programs, and so
on.

However, when you put a
number at the beginning of the line,
the Syntax Checker scans every-
thing in the line to make sure it's
correct BASIC. If no error message
appears, then you know the line is
correct— that is, it's all BASIC that
the computer can understand. To

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demonstrnte, run the Syntax
Checker, then type in the following
line:

10 PRINT "HI"

Since this line has no errors,
the 64 behaves normally. After you
press RETURN, the blinking cursor
goes to the next line on the screen.
You can list this program to confirm
that it's there, or run it to see if it
works. Now let's force an error.
Move the cursor up and type over
line 10 so it looks like this;
10 PNIRT "HI"

Because PNIRT isn't a BASIC
word, the Syntax Checker prints
SYNTAX ERROR. List the program
again to see whether the computer
replaced the good line with a bad
one. As you'll see, the first (correct)
version of line 10 is still there. The
Syntax Checker won't let you add
or changi' any lines in a program un-
less they're free of typing errors.
This feature makes it handy for
editing existing programs as well as
writing new ones.

For instance, say that you get a
program from a friend or enter one
from the GAZtiTTE and decide to add
an improvement. Even if you origi-
nally typed the program in with the
"Automatic Proofreader," the
Proofreader can't help when you
add new lines. By catching errors
before it adds anything to a pro-
gram, the Syntax Checker prevents
you from unintentionally "disen-
hancing" a program that already
works.

Phantom BASIC

The Syntax Checker does far more
than check BASIC keywords like
PRINT for correct spelling. It passes
judgment on everything else in the
BASIC line as well. Using a modi-
fied version of BASIC, it performs a
pftatitoiit execution of each new line,
performing most of the same error
checks BASIC would use if you ran
the line in a program.

To do this, the Syntax Checker
switches out the computer's BASIC
and switches in a special, modified
BASIC which it prepared when you
started it up. The phantom BASIC
"runs" the line to perform normal
error checks, but stops short of ac-
tually completing the commands.
This method can flush out a multi-
tude of errors, including missing

106 COMPUTBS Gazette October 1985

colons in multistatement lines,
misplaced commas and parenthe-
ses, type mismatches {putting a
string where a number belongs, and
vice versa), missing parameters, il-
legal operations (like A$ = B$-C$)
and many illegal quantity errors as
well.

Runtime Errors

But there are certain things the Syn-
tax Checker cannot do. A program
can contain innumerable flaws
even when each of its lines is syn-
tacticaliif correct. To illustrate, type
NEW and press RETURN, then
type in the following line and enter
RUN.
1000 NEXT

The NEXT statement in line
1000 is perfectly good BASIC— the
64 understands exactly what it
means— but NEXT only makes
sense when it's preceded with a
matching FOR statement. This is a
runtime error, so called because it
can't possibly be detected without
running the program. When you
type in this line by itself, the Syntax
Checker can tell that NEXT is a
word from the BASIC language, but
there's no way it can tell whether
it's logical to put NEXT at that par-
ticular point in the program. There
are many runtime errors (DEVICE
NOT PRESENT, OUT OF DATA,
etc.) which can't be found until a
program is finished and running.

Thus, while the Syntax Check-
er looks after the fundamentals,
catching obvious mistakes, it's up
to you, the programmer, to make
sure your creation makes sense as a
whole. It can't read your mind to
figure out what you really meant
the program to do. Though it eases
the burden of programming, the
Syntax Checker can't perform mag-
ic; There's no way it can turn a bad-
ly structured, illogical program into
something that works, and certain
errors are simply beyond its scope.

Quirks And Compatibility

You should also keep in mind that
ordinary BASIC lets you do some
very odd things without signalling
an error. LIST 10-30ABCDEF looks
very strange, but doesn't cause an
error, DIM A(5.001,26.3) is silly
(you can't dimension a fractional
number of array elements), but
there's no "illegal fraction" error

message to tell you about it.

In short, BASIC has some
built-in limitations when it comes
to error checking. Fortunately, most
of its quirk.s are rarely encountered,
and the ones shown above don't
cause any real harm. But because
the Syntax Checker uses existing
BASIC routines, it's subject to the
same quirks and anomalies. It
doesn't sense errors that BASIC it-
self can't detect.

You may already have won-
dered whether the Syntax Checker
can be used along with other pro-
grams like the Automatic Proof-
reader or "MetaBASIC." Though
the Syntax Checker and the Proof-
reader work together just fine,
they're designed for different pur-
poses, so you'd rarely have reason
to use them together. The Proof-
reader verifies the checksums in
published programs that have al-
ready been tested for errors. The
Syntax Checker is for use when
you're writing your own original
programs (for which no checksums
exist).

The Syntax Checker also
works with MetaBASIC. However,
MetaBASIC's QUIT command
turns off the Syntax Checker, too.
So unless you want to turn off both
programs at once, you must restart
the Checker with SYS 49152 when-
ever you QUIT MetaBASIC. As you
may know already, the more utili-
ties concurrently active, the more
fragile the system is likely to be-
come. No matter what other pro-
grams you're using at the time, it's
always best to disable the Syntax
Checker with SYS 49152 before
you run a BASIC program.

Space doesn't permit a detailed
explanadon of how this program
works, but here's a brief synopsis.
When the Syntax Checker sets up,
it copies BASIC and the computer's
operating system (OS) from their
normal places in ROM (Read -Only
Memory) into underlying free
memory, then modifies them exten-
sively. When you enter a numbered
line, the program turns off the com-
puter's ROM and uses the modified
BASIC and OS. After it scans the in-
put line, the Syntax Checker either
adds it to the program or signals an
error. In both cases, ROM is turned
back on before the blinking cursor
reappears.
See program listing on page 124. ■

Sam Bowne

Remember your fascination as a child
looking through a kaleidoscope? This
electronic version entertains the same
way — but you have control. Orig-
inally written for the 64, we've added
versions for the unexpanded VIQ
Plus/4, and Commodore 16.

Here's a program that lets your Commodore computer
show off. "Kaleidoscope" displays a multicolored, con-
stantly changing but symmetrical pattern which might re-
mind some of a Persian rug, but is most like a
kaleidoscope.

But unlike the kaleidoscopes that children (and some
adults) enjoy, this one lets you control the speed,
complexity, and a number of other things.

Simple Operation

After typing in the correct version for your computer, save
it to disk or tape and run it. After a few seconds, you'll see
either the title screen or an error message. If the program
says ERROR IN DATA STATEMENTS, check the DATA
statements in the last section of the program. {To help en-
sure a correct typing entry the first time, I recommend us-
ing the "Automatic Proofreader," published frequently in
the GAZETTE.)

The first time running, don't worry about the screen
instructions. Just press RETURN twice after you see the ti-
tle page, and you'll see the kaleidoscope in action. Next,
type H (for Help) to get to the menu, (H may be pressed
any time during the running of the program.) Here's the
menu with comments on how to use it:

fl-f8: The eight function keys control the complexity of

the pattern; fl is the most complex and f8 the simplest.

(On the Plus/4, note that f8 is equivalent to the HELP

function key.)

0-9: The ten digits 0-9 control the speed with which the

pattern changes. Zero is the fastest, and 9 causes a delay

of about five seconds between pattern changes.

B: Displays black and white only. This is for purists or

people with black and white TV sets.

C: Returns to color mode.

SPACE: Freezes the display until another key is pressed.

SHIFT-CLR: Clears the screen momentarily. (At high

speed, the pause is almost unnoticeable).

H: Help. Returns to the menu.

Q: Quit. Ends the program.

See program listing on page 126, "

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HIT nwu «lW, r,().,ilflB ,, , ^ ^^

iiiiiiiiailili!

IHe! HALEJCiiSUII'l

liiiiiu

iii^

Press H to see the Help screen (64
version).

A less complex pattern (VIQ gives you
larger colored areas . . .

. . . ivhile increased complexity creates a
splash of colors— up to 121 on the
Plus/4 and 16.

COMPUTEI's GazBttB October 1985 107

Taking Center Stage With Screen Titles

Michael S. Tomczyk

Michnel S Tt.micz\ik is n formt^r Commodore
mnrkffiug rxrctilivf imd pwituct iicsigiic<:
His •■ccfut hook, The Home Computer
Wars, describes Ihe rise of Commodore mid
is published by COMPUTE! Books.

This month, we'll explore some sim-
ple techniques for crpiiting and cen-
tering screen titles, which you can
miv and match lo customize your
opening program "headlines."

These programs are designed
to work on the Commodore 64,
VIC-20, P!us/4, 16, and 128 (64
mode). All programs are written for
40-column displays. To adjust any
program for use on the VIC, substi'-
tute the number 22 in place of the
number 40 wherever it appears in
our examples and in the text.

Displaying A One-Line Title

To display a title at the top of your
screen, begin by clearing the screen,
which puts the cursor at the upper
left corner, then print your title. The
title can include words, numbers,
graphics, and different colors. Your
title doesn't have to extend all the
way across the top of the screen;
but if you print it in reverse charac-
ters, it'll look much nicer with
enough spaces to make the line ex-
tend all the way across. Here are a
few quick examples:

10 PRINT CHR${147V'BLAND OPENING
TITLE"

Type RUN and press the RE-
TURN key. (Pretty boring title-
more like no title at all.) All we did
was clear the screen and print some
words. When you PRINT
CHR${147) it's the same as clearing
the screen. Now try this:

10 PRINT CFiRS(]47) CHR$(18)
"REVERSE OPENING TITLE"

Run this program. As you can
see, most titles look nicer when
they're printed in reverse charac-
ters. In this example, we begin by
clearing the screen, then using

108 COMPUTE! s GazmiB Odober 1985

CHR$(18), which is the same as
CONTROL-RVS ON. Now any-
thing that follows in this PRINT
line will be displayed in reverse.
But this simple title is still a little
sloppy. To create a more profes-
sional-looking title, we need to ex-
tend the reverse bar all the way to
the right edge of the screen. Try
this:

10 PRINT CHR$(147) CMR$(18)
"REVERSE OPENING TITLE '19
SPACES}"

All we did here was add 19
blank spaces at the end of the line.
To add the spaces, press the space
bar 19 times after the title and
before the final quotation marks.
(VIC users should type only one
space after the title.)

If your title is longer or shorter
than our example, just count the
characters and spaces in your title,
subtract from 40 (22 for' the VIC)
and that's how many spaces you
need at the end. For instance, in a
title like "FACTS ABOUT HAL-
LEY'S COMET" there are 26 char-
acters including spaces. Subtract 26
from 40, take the result (14), and
put 14 spaces after the title to make
the reverse bar extend across the
screen. An even easier way to print
a full line is to notice the location of
the first quote mark and space over,
until the last space in the line is di-
rectly underneath the quotation
mark. If you use this technique,
make allowances for non-printing
characters like CTRL-RVS ON or
color changes.

Centering

Most good screen titles are cen-
tered—so let's try that with the
HALLEY'S COMET example (VIC
users type 4 spaces instead of 13);

10 PRINT CHRS(147)";i3 SPACES;
HALLEY'S COMET"

or move it doivn one line:

10 PRINT CHR$(I47):PIUNT"jl3
SI'ACESIHALLEY'S COMET"

or print it in reverse and cen-
tered at the top of the screen:

10 PRINT CHR${147) CHR$(I8)";i3
spaces; HALLEY'S COMET '13
SPACES!"

or print it in reverse and cen-
tered one line down on the screen:

10 PRINT CHRSa47):PRINT CHRS(18)
"il3 spaces; HALLEY'S COMETjIS
SPACES}"

KblVlI jit our "lop of the screen"

examples, the differeiice between put-
liug the title an the tap line and put-
ting It on the second line involves the
use of separate PRINT commands.

Every PRINT statement atito-
matically nioves down to Ihe next line
in BASIC, unless you "glue" them to-
gether with a semicolon (;).

If you type:
P!US'r'X'-:PRI\'T ■'Y":rR!NT"Z"

and press RETURN, these three letters
will appear on different lines. But if
you type:

PRINV'X";:PRINT"Y";:PRINT-Z"

they IV ill appear on the same line be-
cause the semicolons "glue" them
together.

In our first screen title examples,
the title appears on the first line be-
cause loe put the clear screen com-
mand and the title in one PRINT
statement.

In some of the exatnples, we in-
serted a blank line by using two sepa-
rate PRINT statements instead of one
to print the clear command ami then
print the title. The computer sees tzvo
separate PRINT commands and puts
each one on a different line—first it
clears the screen, then moves one line
down to print the title.

Getting A Little Fancier

We can vary our titles by making
them "deeper" — using two or three
lines instead of one:

10 PRINT CHR$(147) ; :FOH 51' « 1

TO 40:PRINT CHR5(18)" ";:N

EXT
12 PRINT CURS (18) "(13 SPACES}

HALLEY'S C0METU3 SPACES)":
14 FOS SP = 1 TO 40:PRINT CHR?

( 18) " "; jNEXT

Line 10 clears the screen and
uses a semicolon to stay on the top
line (otherwise the computer would
skip one line down). Then we use a
FOR-NEXT loop to repeat an ac-
tion. In this case, we print one
reverse space, and the FOR-NEXT
loop causes it to be repeated 40
times. A reverse space appears on
your screen as a solid block. Finally,
the NEXT command ends the loop
(see the REM note below).

Line 12 prints the "ReVerSe
ON" command (remember, print-
ing a CHR$(18) is the same as print-
ing a RVS ON), Then we have 13
spaces (press the space bar 13
times), the title, and 13 more
spaces. The semicolon at the end of
this line is like glue. (Try running
the program without the semicolon
and see what happens).

Line 14 is similar to line 10 ex-
cept we don't have to clear the
screen.

Kt/\Al To repeat au action, we use
FOR-NEXT hops. The FOR part of
the loop specifies how many times tJie
action will occur. For example, "FOR
SP=j 70 40" tells the computer to
"count" from 1 to 40 which is how we
get 40 repetitions. Whatever comes
between the FOR and NEXT in the
program is the action, or actions,
which will repeat. While the loop is
active, the variable SP is counting
from 1 to 40 one number at a time.

In BASIC programming you can
start the FOR part of the command on
one line, include several lines of com-
mands you want to repeal, and end
the loop with the NEXT command.
This is wh\j in some programs i/ou
mai/ see a FOR, then a number of pro-
gram lines, then a NEXT all by itself
These are very long FOR-NEXT
loops.

Automatic Centering

So far, we've centered our titles
manually. Now we can make the
computer center the titles automati-
callv — here's how:

5 PRINT CHRS{147)

10 H? = "HALLEY'S COMET" : GO SUB

1000
20 FOR L = 1 TO 40:PRINT CHR?{

96}; :NEXT
30 PRINTiPRINTlPRINT "E!ALr:EY'S

COMET IS COMING IN 19861"

999 END

1000 FOR C = 1 TO {40-LF,N(H?) )
/25PR1NT " "; :NEXT!PaiNT

[ SPACE IHS: RETURN

Line 5 clears the screen. Line
10 defines your title as the string
variable "H$." From now on, HS is
the same as the title. The COSUB
command means "GO TO SUB-
ROUTINE" so GOSUB 1000 means
GO TO THE SUBROUTINE AT
LINE 1000. The computer now
jumps to line 1000 and executes
that line.

Line 1000 looks more compli-
cated than it is. The first part begins
a FOR-NEXT loop. Look inside the
parentheses first. LEN{H$) means
the LENgth of the title represented
bv the variable HS. In this program,
HS represents "HALLEY'S
COMET," and since there are 14
characters including spaces in
"HALLEY'S COMET," LEN(H$)
equals 14. Using LEN(H$) is the
same as using the number 14.

Now look a little farther.
40-LEN(H$) is the same as
40 — 14, which is the same as 26.
Thus, the calculation inside the pa-
rentheses represents the number
26. Next, we go outside the paren-
theses to divide that number by 2.
The result is 26/2 or 13.

So the first part of line 1000
means FOR C equals 1 to 13, print a
space. The semicolon glues the
spaces together on the same line.
NEXT closes the loop after the 13
spaces have been printed.

Now that we are properly cen-
tered on the screen, we print HS,
which is the same as printing our
title. The RETURN command sends
the computer back to the end of line
10 It now continues on to line 20.
Line 20 uses a FOR-NEXT loop
to print a horizontal line across the
screen using the graphics character
represented by CHR$(96).

Line 30 uses PRINT com-
mands all alone to insert two blank
lines, then prints a message. This is
\vhcre our program — a quiz, test, or
list of facts about H alley's Comet-
would continue.

Line 999 contains an END
command— you should always in-
clude an END command just before

the GOSUB routine.

To print and center the title in
reverse characters, add the follow-
ing lines to the program.

1000 TOR C - 1 TO (40-LEN{H?))

/2: PRINT C[iR$(18}" "fsNHX

T: PRINT HS;
1010 FOR C = 1 TO 40-(LEN{HS)+

INT( (40-LEN(H5) ),/2)) :PRIN

T CHR5( IB)" " ,-
1021) NEXT: RETURN

This new subroutine displays
the title in reverse and centers it on
the screen. Our new line 1000 in-
cludes CHR$(I8) to print the spaces
and title in reverse.

Line 1010 adds together the to-
tal number of spaces on the left side
of the title and the number of char-
acters in the title (H$), then sub-
tracts that number from 40 to give
the number of reverse spaces that
have to be printed on the right side
of the title. This is necessary be-
cause if you have a title with an un-
even number of characters, you
won't get the same number of
spaces on each side of the title — •
one side will be one off. So we take
the left side spaces and the number
of title characters, add them togeth-
er, and ."Subtract them from 40. The
remainder is how many reverse
spaces we need on the right side of
the title to fill up the rest of the line,

Next month, we'll continue
with this topic and look at some
slightly more sophisticated
techniques. ®

Copies of articles from this
publication are now available from
the U.MI Article Clearinghouse.

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COMPU TE! s GazelW October 1985 1 09

1?,

In Search Of
The Computer Sandbox

Part 2

Fred D'Ignazio
Associate Editor

In this month's column, we'll see
how you ran turn your computer
into a sandbox using software you
may already own. And I've pre-
pared a checklist you can use to
evaluate software and computer ac-
tivities to see if they are up to
"sandbox" standards.

You don't need to purchase
commercial "problem-solving"
programs in order to turn your
computer into a problem-solving
environment. Much of the software
you already own can be used to
help children develop skills in
problem solving, communication,
and critical thinking. The key is to
turn your staid and stuffy machine
into a computer sandbox. The im-
portant thing is not the software but
hoto you use it.

Recipe For Sandbox Activities

Here's a quick checklist of charac-
teristics that all good sandbox acdv-
ides should have;

First, create activities that are
playful, that encourage children to
experiment with different ideas and
styles of thought. In some cases,
there may be only one right answer,
but the activities should let the
child approach that answer on
many different paths.

Second, look for activities (and
software) that teach the child real-
world skills, even in the context of a
make-believe world. Facts are
something that a child may or may
not remember, but skills are thing's
a child can practice and use the rest
of her life.

Third, look for software (and
create activities) that encourages
your child to be thoughtful. The ac-
tivities should not push a child to
press a button or look for a quick
fix. Instead they should challenge
her to turn something over in her
mind before she makes a choice

110 COMPUTErs GazeltB Octotoer 1985

and presses a key.

Most of all, sandbox activities
should mimic a real sandbox and
attract the child, like a magnet. Like
a real sandbox they should offer
your child:

• Freedom. A "sandbox" is a
world where adults are welcome
but where children make the big
decisions,

• Fantasy. A child should be
encouraged to soar to the outer
reaches of her imagination.

• Props. There should be a rich
array of props for the child to wheel
onto her make-believe "sandbox"
stage and incorporate into her
world's drama,

• Plot. Storymaking and story-
telling give meaning to this make-
believe world. Decisions and events
can have life-or-doath significance,

• Heroics. A child enters a new
world when she climbs into a sand-
box^and she becomes an argo-
naut, adventurer, voyager,
explorer, discoverer. Her stage is
tiny, but she is at its center and in
control,

• Sand in the hands. One of
sand's great joys is its infinite mal-
leability. It can be shaped into any-
thing a child can imagine.
Computer software should have
this same attribute.

• Sandy revisions. Sand can be
"edited" effortlessly, A child can
edit a structure by lopping off a
tower or by adding a new moat,
tunnel, or bridge. Or if she wants to
start over, she can erase it instantly.

• The perfect medium . Sand is a
medium that's just right for small
hands. It doesn't fetter a child or
dampen her limited motor skills.
Instead it enhances and amplifies
her abilities. Most important of all,
it stimulates confidence and self-
esteem, two primary ingredients for
intelligence and later academic
success.

Pu22les And Clouds

When we use a computer, we need
to let it do what it does best, and it
should help us do what wc do best.
One of the things we do much bet-
ter than computers is create and
recognize patterns. Our ability to
solve problems is a direct result of
our skill in recognizing patterns and
creating new patterns out of a rich
association of memories, ideas, and
experiences.

Playing in a sandbox is a good
example of pattern creation and
recognition. Out of the amorphous
sand come villains, heroes, trucks,
dragons, and crocodiles. It's a bit
like watching the play of clouds in
the sky — only much more dynamic
because we can interact with the
patterns that we create and
reshape.

According to Hans Moravec, a
roboticist and artificial intelligence
scientist at Carnegie-Mellon, pat-
terns are like pieces in a puzzle.
And there are puzzles inside of oth-
er puzzles {patterns inside pat-
terns). We go through life like
scavengers searching for new
pieces of these larger puzzles.
Gradually more of the missing
pieces are filled in, and the really
big puzzles, or patterns, begin to
make sense.

The computer can help us in
this lifelong quest if it helps us dis-
cover new pieces for our puzzles, if
it encourages us to become active
seekers, and if it equips us with
skills to make our search more effi-
cient, fruitful, and joyous.

If you have any thoughts about
sandbox activities, write Fred
D'Ignazio, c/o computer's gazette,
P. O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC
27403. 4B

MM\o)

mms(m

Tom R. Halfhiil, Staff Editor

i^© ©(o)Dm][anl(o)[fD {o][ia©©toCi]:

Each month. COMPUTEI's GAZETTE
lacklcs some questions commonly
asked by Commodore users and by
people shopping for their first home
computer. If you have a question
you'd like to see answered here, send
it to this column, c/o coMPUTEi's
GAZETTE, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro,
NC 27405.

\J« I see that Commodore's
new Amiga and the Atari ST are
being described as 16-bit comput-
ers. Can you explain the differ-
ence between an 8-bit and 16-bit
computer and why 16-bit is
better?

/\« Describing a computer as an
8-bit or 16-bit machine refers to the
microprocessor chip which is its
central processing unit, or CPU. The
CPU is a silicon chip— about the
size of a fingernail — which is the
computer's main brain. It's respon-
sible for fetching program instruc-
tions from memory, carrying out
the instructions, and storing the re-
sults of calculations back into mem-
ory. Basically, it controls or
supervises everything that happens
in the computer, much as your
brain controls your body.

At the chip level, all infor-
mation is coded in electrical signals
which represent binary numbers.
The binary numbering system con-
sists of only two digits: 0 and 1.
Since electrical signals can be either
on or off, they're ideal for repre-
senting binary digits. An off-signal
equals 0; an on-signal equals 1. The
term bit is an abbreviation of binary
digit. Thus, a bit is either a 0 or 1, By
stringing bits together in various
patterns, numbers larger than 1 can
be represented.

Some CPU chips are designed
to handle larger strings of bits than
others. Many pocket calculators are
driven by four-bit chips; they can
accept and manipulate information

CPU Chip

6S02
6502B

6502C

65C02

6510

7501

8502

6809

ZSO

Type

8-bit
8-bit
S-bit
3-blt
8-bit
8-blt
S-blt
8-bit
6-bit

Computers

VIC- 20, PET, Apple II/II+, Atari 4(W/6()0/XL

Apple lie (6502-compatible)'

Atari 130XE (6 50 2 -compatible)

Apple He (low-power 6502- compatible)

Commodore 64 (6502-compatible) ;^

Commodore Plu9/4, 16 (6502-coinpatible) '

Commodore 128t (6S02-compatible)

TRS-80 Color Computer

Commodore t28t, Coleco Adam, Sinclair ZX80/ZX81,

Timex TSIOOO, TRS-80 I/II/III, MSX, Mattel Aquarius,

Osborne CP/M, Kaypro CP/M, other CP/M computers

TRS-80 Model lOO (low-power 8085-compalibie) //^

IBM PC, PCjr, XT, Tandy 1000

Compaq, most IBM PC compatibles

IBM AT

TI-99/4A _,_._,,,,_,_,,,.

Amiga, Atari ST seriesi'Macthibsli

80C85 6-bit

8088 •',,..-, . 8/16-bit
8086 y//////.\i>-hVi

B0286' ' '■' ' 16-bit
TMS9900 16-bit
69000 16/3Z-bit

•For increased compatibility, Apple recently replaced the 6S02B in tiie Apple Ue

witli the same low-power 65C02 chip found in llie Apple He.
tThe Commodore 128 contains two independent CPUs, an 8502 and ZSO, Tlie 8502

is for the 64/128 modes, and the 280 is for CP/M mode.

which is fed to them in strings of
only four bits at a time. Most home
computers have CPU chips which
can handle eight bits. Higher-end
personal computers usually can
process data in strings of 16 bits.
Some CPUs are hybrids and are
referred to as 8/16-bit or 16/32-bit
chips. As computer technology ad-
vances, engineers are able to design
chips which can process larger and
larger chunks of information. {The
accompanying table lists the com-
mon CPU chips found in home and
personal computers,)

What makes a 16-bit computer
better than an 8-bit computer? As a
general rule, a CPU which handles
larger strings of bits can process
data faster. Naturally, that means
the computer runs your programs
faster. There are exceptions, how-
ever. For instance, the Texas Instru-
ments TI-99/4A home computer
(discontinued in 1983) has a 16-bit
CPU, but other design factors make
it run slower than most 8-bit home
computers such as the Commodore
64 and VIC-20.

Also, a CPU that can process
larger strings of bits usually can
access more memory as well. Most

8-bit computers can directly ad-
dress only 64K of memory without
special tricks such as bank-switching.
Most 16-bit computers can address
at least a megabyte (1,024K) and
sometimes as much as 16
megabytes.

There are many other consid-
erations when judging a computer,
of course, including cost, software
availability, and suitability to the
task at hand. So a 16-bit computer
isn't necessarily "better" than an 8-
bit computer. But it is potentially
more powerful.

When reading about CPUs you
may also see a phrase like "the
microprocessor is clocked at 1
MHz." This refers to the speed of
the chip.

A higher CPU clock speed
usually means a faster computer,
but too many other design factors
also affect performance to make
this a hard and fast nile. It's not
unusual for a program on a 1 MHz
computer to outrun the same pro-
gram on a 2 MHz computer. Raw
specifications are useful guides for
comparisons, but balancing the val-
ue of one computer against another
involves many more variables. 0

COMPUTEI's Gazette October 1935 111

IB

mmmm

The Operating System

Charles Brannon
Program Editor

Computer terminology is filled
with flavorful terms — byte, floppy,
nybble — as well as muridane — file-
spec, CPU, and raster-scan. These
terms are used to tersely communi-
cate complicated concepts, but are
too often spoken without a solid
understanding of their meaning.
Novices and even experienced
users may find themselves with a
mental mishmash of how comput-
ers work. A prime example is the
concept of an operating system.

The most important distinction
to make is- that the operating sys-
tem, although often stored in per-
manent read-only memory (ROM),
is not part of the hardware of your
computer. ROM is simply an uneras-
able form of RAM, The memory
chips that store your programs are
part of the hardware, but the infor-
mation in them is ethereal, com-
prised of the state of thousands of
tiny switches, A switch is hardware,
the position of a svi^itch is not.

It's also incorrect to describe a
function of a video chip as being
performed by "the operating sys-
tem," The operating system can
only control video indirectly via the
video hardware, A video chip is a
hard-wired maze of intricately in-
terconnected switches. It's not ap-
propriate to think of a video chip as
a program. Software describes a
process; hardware performs the
process.

The operating system (OS) of a
computer is made of programs and
routines, the same kind of program-
ming that makes up a game, a word
processor, or the BASIC language.
The operating system is the under-
lying programming of a computer,
the routines that create the person-
ality of your computer. It provides a
host of useful sub-programs that
can be used by other programs. The
operating system makes a com-
puter system a coherent environ-

112 COMPUTEI's GazBlta October 19B5

ment rather than just a bunch of
chips.

Nuts And Bolts

If you designed your own com-
puter, you would start with a mi-
croprocessor, then add RAM and
ROM. This minimal computer is be-
reft of communication. You'd have
to add some matrix-scanning chips
and circuitry to support a keyboard
{or go all the way and put a micro-
processor in the keyboard as well).
Next, you would add video circuit-
ry to support screen output, from a
simple character display to full
color high-resolution bitmapped
graphics.

The computer is still not very
useful without some input/output
chips to support printer output,
tape or disk input/ output, and the
use of modems. Finally, you'd add
the optional extensions such as joy-
stick, paddle, and lightpen ports, an
expansion port for extra memory
and/or ROM cartridges, and spe-
cialized chips for floating point
math and sound synthesis.

You have a computer now—
but it's still useless without an oper-
ating system. The smallest ROM
operating system is a bootstrap rou-
tine to load a complete operating
system from disk into RAM, This
technique is used on some CP/M
computers, as well as the new Atari
520ST and Commodore Amiga,

Few programmers want to re-
invent the wheel every time they
program. Even printing text to the
screen is tedious without an operat-
ing system; you have to POKE the
byte representing each character
into the proper cell of screen mem-
ory. Getting input from the key-
board involves scanning the
keyboard yourself, converting the
keycode to ASCII, echoing the
character to the screen, permitting
corrections, and storing the charac-
ters in a buffer (block of memory).

It's much easier if common
routines like character printing and

keyboard input are built into the
computer. In fact, there are hun-
dreds of subprograms that are gen-
eral enough to be used by a
majority of programs. For text
printing, a good operating system
supports funcdons such as setdng
the cursor position, printing a char-
acter, printing a string of text, 'sup-
porting carriage return/linefeed or
clear-screen, as well as supplying
graphics functions to change colors,
draw a pixel, line, circle, rectangle,
and perform area fills.

Similar detail is supported for
screen-oriented input, peripheral
programming, direct memory ac-
cess (DMA) for high-speed disk
data buffering, memory manage-
ment, interrupt and event process-
ing (such as cursor flash and
keyboard type-ahead), object man-
agement {support for the windows,
menus, and dialog boxes found on
the Macintosh, 5205T, and Amiga),
even multitasking (simultaneous
execution of multiple programs).

An extension of the operating
system, the disk operating system
(DOS, pronounced "doss"), is also
stored in RAM, excepting the rare
case of Commodore's disk drives. A
DOS may carry the entire operadng
system with it, but it's especially
concerned with disk-specific rou-
dnes to read or write a disk block,
allocate/de-allocate disk blocks,
support named files, rename and
delete files, create nested directo-
ries and multiple volumes (simulat-
ing multiple disk drives within a
single unit as in a hard disk), and
much more.

The operating system is rarely
explained because It's taken for
granted. Although you may never
actually see or use the operating
system, it comes alive when you
turn the power on, hums quietly to
itself in the background, and or-
chestrates every function of the ma-
chine. An almost invisible endty,
the operating system is the most
important part of your computer, •

M\m

Problem Solvers

// you've discovered a clever iime-
savmg technique or a brief hut effec-
tive programming shortcut, send it to
"Hints & Tips," c/o computei's
GAZETTE. If zve use it, we'll pay you
$35.

Escape From Quote Mode

Joseph R. Charnetski
Quote mode Is both a handy and a
frustrating feature of Commodore
computers. If you've programmed
at all, you know how convenient it
is to control actions such as clearing
the screen or cursor movements
from quotes within a PRINT state-
ment. But you also know how
sticky matters can get when you
edit while locked into quote mode.
There are occasions when it needs
to be turned off. Here are a few
solutions:

• Pressing RETURN always
turns off quote mode, insert mode,
and reverse characters. Insert mode
is similar to quote mode, except that
DELete shows up as a reverse-T
(turn insert mode on by pressing
SHIFT-IN5T/DEL).

• A sometimes unwelcome side
effect of pressing RETURN is that
the current program line is either
added to the program or executed
immediately. SHIFT-RETURN
functions like a regular RETURN,
but the program line is not put into
memory. You can then cursor up
and make corrections.

• Both kinds of RETURNs bring
you to the beginning of the next
line. To cancel quote mode while
staying in place, just typo SHIFT-2
(to get out of quote mode) and then
DELete, to erase the quotation
mark.

These three ideas work fine
when you're writing or editing a
program, but what about when a
program is running? You might be
GETting information from the user
of the program or reading a sequen-

tial file. Anytime the computer
prints quotation marks, quote mode
is toggled on or off. To make sure
it's off, you can POKE 212,0 (on a
VIC or 64) or POKE 203,0 (on a
Plus/4 or 16).

Default INPUTS

Norman E. Hovis, Jr.
The INPUT statement is an excel-
lent way to get information from a
person using your program. But
what happens if the user just press-
es RETURN without entering any-
thing? What does INPUT default
to?

If a numeric variable in an IN-
PUT statement has not previously
appeared in the program, the de-
fault value is zero. A string variable
not yet used defaults to a null
string — an empty string with a
length of zero.

But if the INPUT variable al-
ready has a value and the user
presses RETURN, the variable
keeps its old value. For example,
say your program asks for a last
name with INPUT'XAST NAME";
A$ and then later on INPUT"Z1P
CODE";A$, The user enters
"Swanson" for the last name, but
doesn't know the zip code and
presses return. Since A$ was de-
fined as "Swanson" earlier in the
program, the zip code becomes
"Swanson."

There's a way to solve the
problem: by building default values
into INPUT statements. {VIC own-
ers should delete the first semi-
colon. There's a bug in the way
VlCs handle prompts longer than
22 characters before an INPUT.)

100 PRINT"LEVEL 1-9 (1 = EASIE
ST)"; : INPUT" [3 RIGHT) 5
{3 LEFT]";X

This line might be used, for ex-
ample, at the beginning of a game
with nine levels. The key to this
technique is the cursor movement.
A prompt is printed, followed by
three cursor rights, the number 5,

and three cursor lefts. Moving three
spaces right puts the cursor just
past INPUT'S question mark. The
lefts then move the cursor back to
the usual space. When the program
gets to this line, the cursor is blink-
ing on top of the number 5, and the
user only has to press RETURN to
get this default value. If you want
more characters, add the appropri-
ate number of cursor lefts after the
last character.

This idea can also be used to
change the way the cursor blinks.
In the example above, change the 5
to a graphics character. The left
graphics characters on B, 1, and -1-
seem to work well (hold down the
Commodore key to get the graphics
on the left side of the keys).

Stop And Co Printing

Thomas R. Jansen

Let's create a programming prob-
lem. In the middle of a debugging
session, you find you need to exam-
ine the values in an array contain-
ing 100 elements. So you press
STOP and enter FOR J = 0 TO 100:
PRINT J,A(J): NEXT. The numbers
fly across the screen, scrolling off
the top before you can look at them.

Within a program, you can cre-
ate a pause with a GET statement.
But if you try to GET a character in
direct mode, you'll see ILLEGAL
DIRECT ERROR. GET and INPUT
work only within a program. And
you can't add a program line with-
out erasing the current values of all
variables, variables you need to
look at.

You could cursor to the bottom
of the screen, type the line again,
and quickly press CTRL to slow
things down. But the CTRL key
only slows a VIC or 64 down a little
(use the Commodore key to slow
down a Plus/4 or 16).

Another idea is to insert a de-
lay loop that counts to 1000. Again,
it only slows things a bit. Is it possi-
ble to start and stop the printing?

COMPUTEn Gazette Oclober 1985 113

The answft- is WAIT, a com-
mand which may be unfamiliar to
many Commodore programmers.
Enter this line, in direct mode (on
the Plus/4 and 16, use 239 instead
of 198):

FOR J = 0 TO 100: PRINTJ,A(J); POKE
198,0: WAIT 199,15: NEXT

Memory location 198 (239 on
the Plus/4 and 16) keeps track of
how many characters are in the
keyboard buffer. First, POKE a 0 to
this location to tell the computer
that no (0) keys have been pressed.
The computer then executes the
WAIT command, which stops
everything until a certain memory
location— 198 in this case — con-
tains a certain pattern.

The screen displays the first
number. It then stops until you
press a key. Since the space bar re-
peats, hold it down to scroll rapidly
through the numbers, and release it
to stop things again.

The opposite effect can also be
achieved with WAIT (change the
198 to 239 on the Plus/4 and 16);

FOR J = 0 TO 100: PRINT J,A(J): WAIT
198,1,1: POKE 198,0: NEXT

The numbers print and scroll

normally until you press a key,
which stops everything until you
press a key again. It may sound
strange, but the second number 1
makes the computer wait until an
even number of keys has been
pressed. Since zero is an even num-
ber, the computer stops waiting — it
continues on — as long as no keys
have been pressed. When you press
one key {an odd number), it starts
waiting until you press a second
key.

These techniques are very
helpful for creating pauses when
you're looking through an array or
PEEKing a large block of memory.
You can also put them inside a pro-
gram when you need a pause
feature. S

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Kfflil©|jDto

The Creature In Its Cage

Richard Mansfield
Senior Editor

The author wrestled with this pro-
gram. Most of us wrestle with most
programs. If you find yourself go-
ing up blind alleys, surrounded by
bugs, rewriting your ML a dozen
times — you're in good company.
No matter how much advance
planning you do, you'll sdll have to
subdue the creature in its cage.

Programming is rarely a
straight line from concept to fin-
ished product and I've never met
anyone who could predict in ad-
vance precisely how he or she was
going to write a routine of any
sophistication.

Please, as we describe how the
example program below was con-
structed, also be reminded that this
is only one of many ways to accom-
plish the task set forth. Starting
from scratch, you might well ar-
range things differently, use differ-
ent techniques. If your program
works, that's what matters. Differ-
ent methods can be every bit as ef-
fective as the ones outlined here.

Housekeeping Preliminaries

Last month we described the labels
in Program 1, a short utility which
is designed to transform an ML pro-
gram into a "BASIC loader," (a se-
ries of DATA statements that can be
POKEd into RAM to form the run-
nable ML program.) Now let's fin-
ish our examination of this program
by exploring its structure, its logic.

As usual, there are a few
housekeeping preliminaries before
the action starts. First off, we set up
some important pointers and regis-
ters. In line 270 we put the two-
byte address of the start of BASIC
(where programs are stored in
RAM) into the pointer, PF, which
will keep track of where we are as
the BASIC program is built.

In line 280 we set up 50000 as I
116 COMPUTBrs Gaiene October 1985

the first line number for our BASIC
program. How do $50 and $C3
combine to make 50000? It's a bit
confusing at first. You can use
either hexadecimal numbers
(which are signified by a $ in front
of them) or ordinary decimal num-
bers when writing ML programs.
Some people find hex easier to use
because it represents numbers
somewhat the way the computer
sees them. Break a four-digit hex
number in half and you've got two
byte-size numbers.

Large numbers are always
stored in two consecutive bytes.
The byte which is higher in memo-
ry is called the "high byte," and the
byte lower in memory the "low
byte." The computer will multiply
the high byte by 256, and then add
the low byte to form the final
amount. So, if you put 80 into the
lower byte and 195 into the higher
byte, the resulting amount will be
50000. (195 * 256 = 49920, then
add the 80 to get 50000.) $50 is hex
for 80 and $C3 is hex for 195.
Here's how the number 50000
would look if you could see com-
puter memory:' $50 $C3.

Special Tricks

Fortunately, there's a simpler way
to set up two-byte numbers. Let the
assembler do it. If you're just start-
ing out with ML, the easiest way to
handle the problem of setting up
registers or pointers which are larg-
er than 255 is to define a label and
use the #< pseudo-op. Here's how.
First add a label to hold 50000; put
it up in the label definition area:
230 FIFTYTHOU = SOOOO

Now you've told the assembler
that the word FIFTYTHOU stands
for 50000. Then to break up the
number into two bytes so the com-
puter can understand it, change line
280 to read:

280 LDA #<FIFTYTHOU:STA
LINENUM:LDA #>FIFTYTHOU:STA
LlNENUM + 1

Special tricks and techniques
that your assembler can do to help
you program in ML are called
pseudo-ops. They're not machine
language operations the computer
can execute, they're instructions to
the assembler. When you use the
#< pseudo-op, it will extract the
lower byte from a label (< means
lesser); the #> extracts the greater
byte. So you don't need to figure
out how to split 50000 into two
bytes, you can let the assembler do
it for you. Notice that we did just
that when we wanted to set up a
pointer to the start of BASIC in line
270.

Another convenience offered
by labels is that you could easily
change the starting line number by
simplv changing the label in line
230:

230 FIFTYTHOU ~ 900
and your first line number in the re-
sulting program would then be 900
instead of 50000.

We also need to put a zero into
the counter that will keep track of
how many numbers appear in each
DATA statement as the BASIC pro-
gram builds. So we load a 0 into the
accumulator and store it in
COUNTER. Then we set the Y reg-
ister to zero by transferring the 0
from the accumulator to Y (TAY)
and store the zero into the lowest
byte in BASIC RAM memory. All
BASIC programs start with this
zero.

Inside BASIC

Now we raise the pointer to BASIC
RAM by INC PF and we're ready to
start transforming our ML program
into BASIC. We've come to the
main loop.

Take a look at the figure below:
It shows what a BASIC program
looks like inside the computer. This
is what we've got to build for the
computer to recognize it and be
able to run it. There are several
component parts to each BASIC

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line. First there is a two-byte "line
link" which is a pointer to the RAM
address where the next BASIC line
starts. Then a two-byte line num-
ber. Note that in both the line link
and the line number, the low byte
comes first. Then the actual meat of
the line (in our case it will be num-
bers separated by commas to make
up a DATA statement). Finally the
line concludes with a 0 and the next
line starts over with line link, line
number, etc.

When A Number Isn't A
Number

Now we pick off the first byte of the
ML program we're translating into
BASIC (450) and store it in the
place where the ROM routine will
expect to find it. The first byte in the
ML program might be 25. We've
got to change it, now, into the two
characters "2 5" so we can put it
into BASIC. A BASIC DATA state-
ment is filled with characters. They

A BASIC Program's Structure

Nothing Is Pointed To Now

1 . il i

0

POINTER

LINE #

BASIC CODE

0 POINTER LINE #

2Nt> BASIC LINE 0

0

0

)

1

' '

Sun of
BASIC

10 PRINT"Hl"
20 END

End of Line

Program

End*

(address in RAIHJ 0800 DSOB 0811

(aetual byt»») 00 OB 08 OA OO 99 22 48 49 22 00 11 08 14 00 80 00 OO 00

Ota* of BASIC) UNE 7 " H I " LINE END

10 20

Each time through our main
loop we start off by raising the Y
register twice to get us past the line
link. We don't yet know where the
following line will start, so we'll
POKE the link in after we find out
where it should point to. Then we
load and store the line number
(360-370) and add 10 to it
(380-390) so it will be ready the
next time through the loop. Then
we store $83, which is BASIC'S
symbol for the word DATA. So far
we've built this in BASIC:
50000 DATA

Notice that as we move up
through the BASIC RAM, building
the program, we keep raising the Y
register. Y is added to whatever ad-
dress is held in PF when we use the
Indirect Y addressing mode: STA
(PF),Y.

Now we come to the hardest
part of the program and we're go-
ing to Set the computer do the dirty
work. We save our Y register be-
cause we'll need it again. When we
jSR into BASIC ROM, the Y register
wil! be altered by the routines in
ROM. We have set aside a byte be-
yond our program proper to hold Y
(see line 780). We put Y up there
I temporarily by STY Y.

118 COMPUTEI's Gazotte Oclaber 1985

are, to be sure, the characters we
recognize as 2 and 5, but that's the
ASCII code.

To turn the number 25 into the
characters 2 and 5 so we can POKE
them into our DATA statement,
we've got to go through two steps.
First we put the number into the Y
register after getting it into the Ac-
cumulator (TAY transfers it from A
to Y in line 450). Then we put a 0
into the Accumulator. The ROM
routine we've called INTAFP wants
us to give it the high byte of our
number in the Accumulator and the
low byte in the Y register. We will
never have a high byte because, al-
though the ROM routine wil] work
on two-byte-large numbers, all of
our numbers are going to be one
byte large: They're the individual
bytes which make up the ML
program.

Then we JSR to the routine in
line 470, To find out what precon-
ditions are expected by ROM rou-
tines, you use books like Tool Kit:
BASIC, Mapping the 64, and Map-
ping the VIC (COMPUTE! Books).
These authors have carefully stud-
ied the ROM routines and tell you
what you need to do before calling
on a BASIC ROM routine.

We're not home free yet. Our
25 has been changed from an inte-
ger (25) into a floating point num-
ber (five bytes which represent
25,0000000), but there's one more
JSR which changes it from floating
point into ASCII characters. We JSR
INTASCII and, now, the characters
"2 5" are sitting at address $100
where we pick them off and store
them into the BASIC program we're
building (line 480), That INTASCII
routine is considerate enough to put
a 0 at the end of the characters it
stores at $100. That's how we know
when we've reached the end of the
string and can BEQ. After all, we're
dealing with numbers ranging be-
tween one and three characters,
0-255.

Things are pretty straightfor-
ward from here on. We raise the
counter and check to see if we've
yet put ten numbers on our DATA
line. If not, we store a comma (530),
raise the pointer into the ML pro-
gram, and go back up again
through the LOAD-TRANSFORM-
-STORE loop for nine more bytes
from our ML program. By now,
we've built this much BASIC:
50000 DATA 25,

and we quickly loop through the
entire line undl COUNTER counts
up to ten (550) when we are forced
to branch down to NEWLINE
(590).

Because we've been storing
commas after each number, there
will be a comma at the end of our
line;

50000 DATA 25,172,13,12,0,0,155,169,10,38,

and we want to get rid of it. That's
why we DEY at the start of NEW-
LINE (590). The Y register has been
keeping track of our position on
each line and will soon be used to
calculate where in memory we
should put the 0 end-of-line indica-
tor. By lowering Y, we force the
computer to store that 0 right on top
of the last character in the line, on
top of that unwanted comma. Then,
after storing the 0 at the end of the
old line, we reset the counter.

)ust What We've Been
Waiting For

We do a little juggling here. PF is
still pointing to the location of the
link bytes within the first line, so
we save that address in a special

location we've given the name LINE-
LINK (160). We wrant to now adjust
the PF pointer so that it knows the
location of the start (the link bytes)
of the second line. Since the Y regis-
ter has been raised each tinve we
POKEd something into the BASIC
line we were building, Y now holds
the distance between the previous
and the new line. All we need to do
is add Y to PF (610) and we're all
set. Now PF points to the second
line. This is what we've been wait-
ing for. Now we know where the
second line starts so we are pre-

pared to POKE in the line link back
at the start of the first line. We do
just that in line 660 and the first line
is complete.

All that's left is to see if we've
reached the ending address of the
ML program we're translating
(700). If not, we branch to BACK,
which just bounces us up to NEXT-
LINE, and we start the main loop
all over again and build another
BASIC line.

If we have finished, we store
three zeros at the end of the BASIC
program to tell BASIC emphatically

that this is where the program ends.
We add Y to PF again to get the ac-
tual ending address and store that
into VARS, a location in RAM
where the computer checks to see
where a BASIC program ends (and,
thus, where it can start storing vari-
ables during a BASIC program
RUN). Finally we slip quietly back
to BASIC mode through a gentle
entryway in the ROM chips which
doesn't erase the BASIC program or
do anything else destructive.

Program 1: Datastuffer— Source Code

100
110
120
130
140

ise

160

170

180

200

210

215
220

225

230
240
250

270

280

290
300

310

320
330
340
350

360

370

380

390

400

410
420

430
440

*= $c000; ($5000 VIC)

.0

- 64 VERSION DATASTUFFER

' LABEL DEFINITIONS — —

PP H $A3; CURRENT POSITION WITHIN BAS

IC PROGRAM BEING CREATED

LINELINK " SA5; HOLDER FOR POllTTER

[SPACE) IN BASIC ADDRESS

PC = 9A7; CURRENT POSITION WITHIN T

HE ML, TO BE FIXED

EADDR = 5A9; HOLDER FOR TOP OF ML PRO

GRAM BEING CONVERTED

INTAFP = SB391; TRANSLATES INTEGER TO

FP FORMAT (5D391 VIC)
INTASCII " SBDDD; TRANSLATES FP TO ASC
II FORMAT {$DDDD VIC)
VJARM - 5E37Bf {$E467 VIC)
BASIC - 50800; WHERE BASIC STARTS I
N RAM (51200 EXPANDED VIC)
VARS = 45: WHERE BASIC TEXT ENDS.

PRELIMINARIES-

LDA #< BASIC tSTA PFiLDA #>BASIC!STA PF
+1; SET UP START OF BASIC
LDA #550:STA LINENUMsLDR #?C3iSTA LIN
ENUM+1; START AT LINE 50000
LDA ia-.Srh COUNTER

TAYsSTA (PF),Yr PUT ZERO BYTE (AT STA
RT OF BASIC)

INC PF? ADJUST POINTER TO JUST PAST 0
BYTE

J

!* STORE LINE NUMBER AND DATA TOKEN

NEXTLINE INYiINY; RAISE PF BY 2 TO GO

PAST LINK
LDA LINENUM:STA (PF),Yr STORE LINE NU
MBER LOW BYTE

INYiLDA LINENUM+1:STA {PF),Y; STORE L
INE NUMBER HIGH BYTE

CLCiLDA LINENUMtADC #10: STA LINENUM;
[SPACEjRAISE LINE NUMBER BY 10
LDA LINENUM+1 iADC #0:STA LINENUM+1
INYiLDA »?B3tSTA {PF),Y:INY; STORE DA
TA TOKEN

.* TRANSLATE ML PROG
I CHARS,

;

DOMORE STY Y; SAVE Y

BYTE INTO ASCI

450

460
470

480

490

500

510
520
530

540

550

560
570
580
590

600

610
620

630
640

650

660

670
680
690
700

710

720
725

730

740

750
760
770

780

790

LDY la.LDA {PC),YiTAY; GET BYTE OF M

L

LDA #0; SET UP FOR ROM ROUTINES

JSR INTAFP I JSR INTASCII; TURN ML # IN

TO ASCII

LDX #1:LDY YsLOOP LDA 5100,XtBEQ MORE

jSTA (PF),YiINY:INX!JMP LOOP

r* STORE COMMA, RAISE ML PROG. POINT
ER

MOKE INC COUNTER

LDA #52C)STA (PF),y!lMV; STORE A COMM

A

INC PCsBNE GOON; I NO PC+1; RAISE ML PO

INTER

GOON LDA COUNTER! CMP #10:BEQ tJElVLINE:

JMP IWMORE; ONLY ALLOW 10 DATA ITEMS

;* PREPARE FOR A NEW LINE OF DATA

NEWLINE DEY:LDA #0:STA {PF},Y:STA COU
NTER; STORE END OF LINE 0/FIX COUNTER
LDA PFtSTA LINELINK :LDA PF+1:STA LINE
LINK+1; SAVE LINK ADDR
INYtSTY Y:CLC!LDA PFiADC Y:STA PF
LDA #0:ADC PF+l? ADD Y OFFSET TO

CURRENT BASIC PROG POINTER
STA PF+1
. *PF HOW POINTS TO THE LINE LINK OF

FOLLOWING LINE
; *S0 PUNCH LINELINK POINTER INTO BA
SIC

LDY #1:STA (LINELINK) , Y :DEy tLDR PFsST
A (LINELINK), y

I* SEE IF WE'RE AT THE TOP OF THE ML

;

SEC: LDA EADDR i SBC PC t STA 2: LDA EADDR+

1 :SBC PC+1 sORA 2

BCS BACK: LDA #0!DEYtSTA tPF),Y
IKYiSTA (PF),YiINY!STA (PF),Y
SECtTYA:ADC PF:STA VARS ! LDA #0iADC PP
+ltSTA VABS+ltJMP WARM; END PROG.
BACK JMP NEXTLINE; CON'^'-NUE WITH NE
XT LINE OF BASIC

J STORAGE & DATA TABLES-

LINENUM .BYTE 0 0; HOLDS CURRENT LINE

NUMBER
Y .BYTE 0; TEMPORARY HOLDING PLACE F
OR Y

COUNTER .BYTE 0; KEEPS COUNT OF DAT
A STATEMENTS PER BASIC LINE •

COMPUTEfs Gazette October 1985 119

How To Type In
COMPUTErs GAZETTE Programs

Each month, COMPUTE!'s GAZETTE
publishes programs for the VIC-20,
Commodore 64, Pius 4, and 16.
Each program is clearly marked by
title and version. Be sure to type in
the correct version for your ma-
chine. Also, carefully read the
instructions in the corresponding
article. This can save time and
eliminate any questions which
might arise after you begin typing.
We publish two programs,
appearing in alternating months,
designed to make your typing effort
easier: The Automatic Proofreader,
and MLX, designed for entering
machine language programs.

When entering a BASIC pro-
gram, be especially careful with
DATA statements as they are ex-
tremely sensitive to errors. A
mistyped number in a DATA state-
ment can cause your machine to
"lock up" {you'll have no control
over the computer). If this happens,
the only recourse is to turn your
computer off then back on, erasing
whatever was in memory. So be
sure to save a copy of your program
before you run it. If your computer
crashes, you can always reload the
program and look for the error.

When You Read:

Press:

See:

{CLRJ

{HOME!

{UP(

{DOWN)

{LEFT}

{RIGHT)

iRVS)

!OFF) /J,

{BLK}

{WHT}

{RED}

(CYNI

\mn] [diuHOME

[oR/HOMlJ

shiftI}— C^R-*

I*— QiSR— ^

ctrLI I 0

aRi")[" 1 j

CTRL i'~\

n

Special Characters

Most of the programs listed in each
issue contain special control charac-
ters. To facilitate typing in any pro-
grams from the GAZETTE, use the
following listing conventions.

The most common type of con-
trol characters in our listings appear
as words within braces: {DOWN}
means to press the cursor down
key; {5 SPACES} means to press
the space bar five times.

To indicate that a key should
be shifted (hold down the SHIFT
key while pressing another key),
the character is underlined. For ex-
ample, A means hold down the
SHIFT key and press A. You may
see strange characters on your
screen, but that's to be expected. If
you find a number followed by an
underlined key enclosed in braces
(for example, {8 A}), type the key
as many times as indicated (in our
example, enter eight SHIFTed A's).

If a key is enclosed in special
brackets, B %, hold down the
Commodore key (at the lower left
corner of the keyboard) and press
the indicated character.

Rarely, you'll see a single letter
of the alphabet enclosed in braces.

This can be entered on the Com-
modore 64 by pressing the CTRL
key while typing the letter in
braces. For example, {A} means to
press CTRL-A.

When You Read:
{PUR I

(CRN)
[BLU)
(VEL)
{ Fl (
{ K t
( F3 }
( R (
{ F5 )
{ ¥6 I

{ F7 \

{ F8 )

Press:

See:

The Quote Mode

Although you can move the cursor
around the screen with the CRSR
keys, often a programmer will want
to move the cursor under program
control. This is seen in examples
such as {LEFT} and {HOME} in
the program listings. The only way
the computer can tell the difference
between direct and programmed
cursor control is the ijuote mode.

Once you press the quote key,
you're in quote mode. This mode
can be confusing if you mistype a
character and cursor left to change
it. You'll see a reverse video charac-
ter (a graphics symbol for cursor
left). In this case, you can use the
DELete key to back up and edit the
line. Type another quote and you're
out of quote mode. If things really
get confusing, you can exit quote
mode simply by pressing RETURN.
Then just cursor up to the mistyped
line and fix it.

CTRL

I CTRL I

CTRL

CTRL

[ID

SHIFT

smrrj | » |

SHiFT

(5

(7

SHIFT

V

When You Read:

r

Press:

u

For Commodore 64 Only

§13

[COMMODORE

^lEa

[COMMODORE j | 2 | R

.commodore] \'i] n

COMMODORtj [T] RJ

[commodore] [Tj E

[commodgire] I' 6 J H

[cOMMobb'RE] [?"[ n

IcommodoreI f's'l f'S

120 COMPUTErs Gazelto October 19B5

w^

7/

V.

The Automatic Proofreader

"The Automatic Proofreader" will help
you type in program listings from COM-
PUTEl's GAZETTE without typing mis-
takes. It is a short error-checking
program that hides itself in memory.
When activated, it lets you know imme-
diately after typing a line from a pro-
gram listing if you have made a
mistake. Please read these instructions
carefully before typing any programs in
COMPUTE !*s GAZETTE.

Preparing The Proofreader

1, Using the listing below, type in
the Proofreader. The same program
works on both the VIC-20 and Commo-
dore 64. Be very careful when entering
the DATA statements — don't type an 1
instead of a 1, an O instead of a 0, extra
commas, etc.

2. Save the Proofreader on tape or
disk at least twice hclore mmm% it firr
the first time. This is very important be-
cause the Proofreader erases this part of
itself when you first type RUN.

3, After the Proofreader is saved,
type RUN. It will check itself for typing
errors in the DATA statements and
warn you if, there's a mistake. Correct
any errors and save the corrected ver-
sion. Keep a copy in a safe place —
you'll need it again and again, every
time you enter a program from com-
pute's GAZETTE.

4. When a correct version of the
Proofreader is run, it activates itself.
You are now ready to enter a program
listing. If you press RUN/STOP-
RESTORE, the Proofreader is disabled.
To reactivate it, just type the command
SYS 886 and press RETURN.

Using The Proofreader

All VIC and '64 listings in computeIs
GAZETTE now have a checksum number
appended to the end of each line, for
example ":rem 123", Don't enter this
statemefU when typing in a program. It is
just for your information. The rem
makes the number harmless if someone
does type it in. It will, however, use up
memory if you enter it, and it will con-
fuse the Proofreader, even if you en-
tered the rest of the line correctly.

When you type in a line from a
program listing and press RETURN, the
Proofreader displays a number at the
top of your screen. This checksum num-
ber must match the checksum number in
the printed iisting. If it doesn't, it means
you typed the line differently than the

way it is listed. Immediately recheck
your typing. Remember, don't type the
rem statement with the checksum num-
ber; it is published only so you can
check it against the number which ap-
pears on your screen.

The Proofreader is not picky with
spaces. It will not notice extra spaces or
missing ones. This is for your conven-
ience, since spacing is generally not im-
portant. But occasionally proper
spacing is important, so be extra careful
with spaces, since the Proofreader will
catch practically everything else that
can go wrong.

There's another thing to watch out
for: if you enter the line by using abbre-
viations for commands, the checksum
will not match up. But there is a way to
make the Proofreader check it. After
entering the tine, LIST it. This elimi-
nates the abbreviations. Then move the
cursor up to the line and press RE-
TURN, It should now match the check-
sum. You can check whole groups of
lines this way.

Special Tape SAVE Instructions

When you're done typing a listing, you
must disable the Proofreader before
saving the program on tape. Disable the
Proofreader by pressing RUN/STOP-
RESTORE (hold down the RUN/STOP
■ key and sharply hit the RESTORE key).
This procedure is not necessary for disk
SAVEs, but you must disable the Proof-
reader this way before a tape SAVE.

SAVE to" tape erases the Proof-
reader from memory, so you'll have to
load and run it again if you want to type
another listing. SAVE to disk does not
erase the Proofreader.

Since the Proofreader is a machine
language program stored in the cassette
buffer, it will be erased during a tape
SAVE or LOAD, If you intend to type in
a program in more than one sitting or
wish to make a safety SAVE, follow this
procedure:

1. Load and run the Proofreader.

2. Disable it by pressing RUN/STOP-
RESTORE.

3. Type the following two lines in
direct mode (without line numbers):

Afa "PROOF READER. f'sfOBX '■I T040: AS-
A5+" ":NEXT

PORX='886TO1018:AS=A?+CHR5(PEEK(X)
JtNEXT!OPENl,l,L,AS!CLOSEl

After you type the last line, you
will be asked to press RECORD and
PLAY, We recommend you start at the
] beginning of a new tape.

You now have a new version of the
Proofreader (PROOFREADER.T, as re-
named in the above code). Turn your
computer off and on, then load the pro-
gram you were working on. Put the cas-
sette containing PROOFREADER.T
into the tape unit and type: ,
OPENl;CLOSEl

You can now get into the Proof-
reader by typing SYS 886, To test this,
PRINT PEEK (886) should return the
number 173. If it does not, repeat the
steps above, making sure that A$
(PROOFREADER.T) contains 13
characters.

The new version of Automatic
Proofreader will load itself into the cas-
sette buffer whenever you type OPENl;
CLOSE 1 and PROOFREADER.T is the
next program on your tape. It will not
disturb the contents of BASIC memory.

The above code converts the ma-
chine language program into characters
that are concatenated into a string.
When you open a tape file, using the
string as the name of the file, the tape
header contains the machine language
program (disguised as pari of the file-
name). Opening and closing the tape
file loads the header into the cassette
buffer, but does not disturb BASIC pro-
grams already in memory.

Automatic Proofreader For
VIC And 64

10 print"(clk|please wait . . . " ! por

I=886TO101Q I REAUA : CK=CK+A ! POKE
I,AsNEXT
20 IF CKO 17 539 THEN PRINT " {DOWN 1
YOU MADE AN ERROR": PRINT "IN DA
TA STATEMENTS. " 5 END
30 SYS886:PRINT-ICLaHZ DOWNJPROO

FREADER ACTIVATED. ";KEH
4a DATA 17 3,036,003,201,150,208
50 DATA 001,096,141,151,003,173
60 DATA 037,003,141,152,003,169
70 DATA 150,141,036,003,169,003
80 DATA 141,037,003,169,000,133
90 DATA 254,096,032,087,241,133
100 DATA 251, 134, 2S2, 132, 253, 008
110 DATA 201,013,240,017,201,032
120 DATA 240,005,024,101,254,133
130 DATA 254,165,251,166,252,164
140 DATA 253,040,096,169,013,032
150 DATA 210,255,165,214,141,251
160 DATA 003,206,251,003,169,000
170 DATA 133,216,169,019,032,210
180 DATA 255,169,018,032,210,255
190 DATA 169,0513,032,210,255,106
200 DATA 2 54,169,000,133,254,17 2
210 DATA 151,003,192,087,208,006
220 DATA 032,205,189,076,235,003
230 DATA 032,205,221,169,032,032
240 DATA 210,255,032,210,255,173
250 DATA 251,003,133,214,076,173
260 DATA 003 Q

COMPUTE rs Ga/etfe October 1985 121

MIX

mm//////////.

Program Editor

MLX is a labor-saving utility that
allows almost fail-safe entry of
machine language programs pub-
lished in COMPUTEI's GAZETTE.
You need to know nothing about
machine language to use MLX— it
was designed for everyone.

MLX is a new way to enter long ma-
chine language (ML) programs with
a minimum of fuss. MLX lets you
enter the numbers from a special
list that looks similar to BASIC
DATA statements. It checks your
typing on a line-by-line basis. It
won't let you enter illegal charac-
ters when you should be typing
numbers. It won't let you enter
numbers greater than 255 (forbid-
den in ML). It won't let you enter
the wrong numbers on the wrong
line. In addition, MLX creates a
ready-to-use tape or disk file. You
can then use the LOAD command
to read the program into the com-
puter, as with any program:

LOAD "filename", 1,1 (for tape)
LOAD "filename",8,l (for disk)

To start the program, you enter
a SYS command that transfers con-
trol from BASIC to machine
language.The starting SYS number
always appears in the appropriate
article.

Using MLX

Type in and save MLX (you'll want
to use it in the future). When you're
ready to type in an ML program,
run MLX, MLX asks you for two
numbers: the starting address and
the ending address. These numbers
are given in the article accompany-
ing the ML program.

You'll see a prompt correspond-
ing to the starting address. The
prompt is the current line you are
entering from the listing. It in-
creases by six each time you enter a
line. That's because each line has
seven numbers — six actual data
numbers plus a checksum number.

The checksum verifies that you
typed the previous six numbers cor-
rectly. If you enter any of the six
numbers wrong, or enter the
checksum wrong, the computer
rings a buzzer and prompts you to
reenter the line. If you enter it cor-
rectly, a bel! tone sounds and you
continue to the next line.

MLX accepts only numbers as
input. If you make a typing error,
press the INST/DEL key; the entire
number is deleted. You can press it
as many times as necessary' back to
the start of the line. If you enter
three-digit numbers as listed, the
computer automatically prints the
comma and goes on to accept the
next number. If you enter less than
three digits, you can press either the
SPACE bar or RETURN key to ad-
vance to the next number. The
checksum automatically appears in
inverse video for emphasis.

To simplify your typing, MLX
redefines part of the keyboard as a
numeric keypad:

U I o 7 8 9

H J K L become 0 4 5 6
M , . 12 3

MLX Commands

When you finish typing an ML list-
ing (assuming you type it all in one
session) you can then save the com-
pleted program on tape or disk. Fol-
low the screen instructions. If you
get any errors while saving, you
probably have a bad disk, or the
disk is full, or you've made a typo
when entering the MLX program
itselL

You don't have to enter the
whole ML program in one sitting.
MLX lets you enter as much as you
want, save it, and then reload the
file from tape or disk later.

MLX recognizes these
commands:

SHIFT-S: Save SHIFT-N: New Address
SHIFT-L: Load SHIFT-D: Display

When you enter a command,
MLX jumps out of the line you've
been typing, so we recommend you
do it at a new prompt. Use the Save
command to save what you've been
working on. It will save on tape or
disk, as if you've finished, but the
tape or disk won't work, of course,
until you finish the typing. Remem-
ber what address you stop at. The
next time you run MLX, answer all
the prompts as you did before, then
insert the disk or tape. When you
get to the entry prompt, press
SHIFT-L to reload the partly com-
pleted fiie into memory. Then use
the New Address command to re-
sume typing.

To use the New Address com-
mand, press SHIFT-N and enter the
address where you previously
stopped. The prompt will change,
and you can then continue typing.
Always enter a New Address that
matches up with one of the line
numbers in the special listing, or
else the checksum won't work. The
Display command lets you display
a section of your typing. After you
press SHIFT-D, enter two addresses
within the line number range of the
listing. You can abort the listing by
pressing any key.

What if you forgot where you
stopped typing? Use the Display
command to scan memory from the
beginning to the end of the pro-
gram. When you reach the end of
your typing, the lines will contain a
random pattern of numbers. When
you see the end of your typing,
press any key to stop the listing.
Use the New Address command to
continue typing from the proper
location.
See program listing on page 123, m

lea COMPUTE! s Gazcuo Odober 19B5

MLX: 64 Version

(Article on page 122.)

BEFORE TYPING . . .
Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTEl's GAZEnE Programs,"
which appears before the Program
Listings.

10 REM LINES CHANGED FROM MLX
(SPACEJvERSION 2.00 ARE 750
,765,770 AND 860 i rem 50

20 REM LINE CHANGED FROM MLX V
ERSION 2.01 IS 300 irera 147

100 PRIKT"{CLR)|63";CHRS(142>;
CHR?(8)s iPOKE532ei,l:POKE5
3280,1 I rem 67

101 POKE 788,52 I REM DISABLE RU
N/STOP irem 119

110 PRINT"lRVSH39 SPACES)"?

! rem 17 6
120 PRINT"(RVS}(14 SPACES]
{RIGHT) (OFF)i*|££RVS)
{right} (RIGHT5T2 SPACES)
g*H0FFlg*3£ERVSU(RVS)
(14 SPACES)"^; ""irem 250
130 PRINT" {RVS) (14 SPACES)
(RIGHT) EGiJRIGHT)
(2 RIGHT) (OFF)£tRVS)£
B*S(OFF)g*MRVsT
(14 SPACES)"! irem 35
140 PRINT" (RVS) (41 SPACES)"

J rem 120
200 PRINT" (2 DOWN) (PUR) (BLK) M
ACHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR VER
SION 2.02(5 DOWN)"! rem 238
210 PRINT" 151(2 UP) STARTING AD
DRESSPtB SPACES) (9 LEFT)";
I rem 143
215 INPUTS;F='1-FjCS3CHRS(31+V1
g*F} 1 rem 166

220 IFS<256OR(S>40960RNDS<4915
2 )ORS> 53247THENGOSUB3000 jG
OTO210 Item 235

225 PRINT: PRINT I PRINT trem 180
230 PRINT"E5|(2 UP) ENDING ADDR
ESS? (a SPACES) (9 LEFT)"; t I
NPUTEtF-l-FtC5-CHR5( 31+119
*F) I rem 20

240 IFE<2S6OR(E>40960ANDE<4915
2)ORE>53Z47THENGOSUB3000!G
OTO230 irem 183

250 IFE<STHENPRINTC5;"{RVS)END
ING < START (2 SPACES )" jGOS
UB1000!GOTO 230 irem 176
260 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT :rem 179
300 PRINT" tCLR)";CHRS( 14) :AD"S

J rem 56
310 A=-1:PRINTRIGHTS("0000"+MID
$(STR5(ftD),2),5);"r';

: rem 33
315 F0RJ=AT06 :rem 33

320 GOSUB570:IFN=-1THENJ='J+N:G
OTO320 >rem 228

390 IFN=-211THEN 710 : rem 52
400 IFN— 204THEN 790 : rem 64
410 IFN—206THEKPRINT: INPUT"

(DOWN) ENTER NEW ADDRESS" ;Z
2 trem 44

415 IFN=-206THENIFZZ<SORZ2>ETH
ENPRINT"(RVS)OUT OF RANGE"
!GOSUB1000:GOTO410:rem 225
417 IFN=-206THENAD=ZZ: PRINT :GO
TO310 trem 238

420 IF No-196 THEN 480

; rem 133
4 30 PRINT: INPUT "DISPLAY; FROM";

F ! PRINT, "TO- f jINPUTT

: rem 234
440 IFF<SORF>EORT<SORT)-ETHENPR
INT "AT LEAST " ; S ; " ( LEFT ) , N
OT MORE THAN";EiGOTO430

irem 159

450 F0RI=»FT0TSTEP6:PRINT:PRINT
RIGHT? ("0000"+MIDS{STRS( I)
,2) ,5) ;"t"; s rem 30

451 FORK=0TO5:N«=PEEK(I + K) iPRIN
TRIGHT5("00"+MID5(STR5(N),
2), 3);","; : rem 66

460 GETA5:IFA5>""THENPRINT:PRI
NT1GOTO310 :rem 25

470 NEXTK:PRINTCHR5(20) ; iNEXTI
1 PRINT! PRINT !G0T03 10

irem 50

480 IFN<0 THEN PRINTiGOTO310

: rem 168

490 A{J)=N:NEXTJ i rein 199

500 CKSUM=AD-INT(AD/256)*256:F
0RI = 1T06 t CKSUM= ( CKSUM+A ( I )
)AND255iNEXT : rem 200

510 PRINTCHR5(18); :GOSUB570:PR
INTCHRS(146) ; irem 94

511 IFN-'-lTHENA'-eiGOTOSlS

trem 254

515 PRINTCHR$(20):IFN-CKSUMTHE

N530 irem 122

520 PRINT: PRINT "LINE ENTERED W

RONG : RE-ENTER": PRINT: GOS

UB1000:GOTO310 irem 176

530 GOSUB2000 trem 213

540 F0RI=lTO6tP0KEAD+I-l,A(I) t

NEXT:POKE5427 2,0iPOKE54 27 3

,a trejn 2 27

550 AD=AD+6:IF AD<E THEN 310

irem 212
560 GOTO 710 irem 108

570 N=0:Z=0 sreni 88

580 PRINT"i£i"r :rem 81

581 GETA5;IFAS=""THENS81

trem 95

582 AV=-(AS="M"]-2*(AS=",")-3*
(A5-".")-4*(A5="J">-5*(A5»
"K"}-6*(A5 = "L") irein 41

583 AV-AV-7* (A5="U" >-a* (A5="I"
)_9*(A5 = "0") :IFAS''"H"THENA
5»"0" irero 134

584 IFAV>0THENA?=CHR5(48+AV)

trem 134

585 PR1NTCHR5(20); :A=»ASC{A5) il
FA=13ORA=44ORA=32THEN670

: rem 229
590 lFA>12aTHENN=-A:RETURN

trem 137
600 I FA* > 20 THEN 630 irem 10
610 GOSUB690iIFI=lANDT=44THENN
= -1 1 PRINT" (OFF) (left)
(LEFT)"; :GOTO690 :reiii 62

620 GOTO570 trem 109

630 IFA<48ORA>S7THEN580

trem 105
640 PRIHTA5; iN=N*10+A-4a

trem 106

650 IFN>2 55 THEN A"20 tGOSUB100

0:GOTO600 trem 2 29

660 Z=Z+l:IFZ<3THEN5e0 trem 71

670 IFZ=0THENGOSUB1000 :GOTO570

trem 114
680 PRINT","; :RETURN : rem 240

690 S%=PEEK(209) + 2S6*PEEK(21.0)
+PEEK(211) :rem 149

691 F0RI=lT03jT=PEEK(S%-I)

trem 67
695 IFTO44ANDTO58THENP0KES*-

I,32:NEXT : rem 205

700 PRINTLEFT?t "(3 LEFT) ",1-1}

; : RETURN 1 rem 7

710 PRINT"(CLR) (RVS)*** SAVE *

**(3 DOWN J" irem 236

715 PRINT" (2 DOWN ((PRESS (RVS)
RETURN (OFF) ALONE TO CANCE

L SAVE) (DOWN}" trem 106

7 20 FS="": INPUT" [DOWN) FILENAM
E" ; F? iIFF5=""THENPRINT;PRI
NTtGOTO310 :rem 71

730 PRINT: PRINT" (2 DOWN) ( RVS }T
(off) APE OR (RVS}D(OFFjISK
t (T/D)" "trem 228

740 GETA5 ! IFA5 < > "T"ANDAS<> "D"T
HEN740 :rem 36

7 50 DV=1-7*(A$="D") tIFDV=8THEN
F$ = "0:"+FS:OPENl.S,a,15, "S"
+F5:CL0SE1S irem 212

760 T5=F?:ZK=PEEK(53)+2 56*PEEK
(S4)-LEN(T5) tPOKE782,ZK/25
6 t rem 3

762 POKE781,ZK-PEEK{7B2)*256:P
OKE780,LEN(T5) :SYS65469

trem 109

763 POKE780,1:POKE781,DV:POKE7
82,1:SYS65466 :rera 69

765 K=StPOKE254,K/256tPOKE253,
K-PEEK(254)*256iPOKE7B0,25
3 1 rem 17

766 K=E+ltPOKE782,K/256:POKE78
1,K-PEEK( 782 )*2S6tSYS6 5496

trem 235

770 IF{PEEK(783)RND1)08(191AND
ST>THEN780 trem 111

77 5 PRINT" ( DOVW (DONE. (DOWN)" iG
OTO310 trem 113

780 PRINT" (DOWN) ERROR ON SAVE.
(2 SPACES (TRY AGAIN. "lIFDV
=1THEN720 trem 171

731 OPEN15,8,15iINPUT#13,El$,E
2SlPRINTElSfE2SlCLOSE15lGO
TO 7 2 0 t re ra 1 0 3

790 PRINT" (CLR) (RVS)*** LOAD *
**{2 down)" trem 212

795 PRINT" (2 DOWN) (PRESS ( RVS )
RETURN (OFF) ALONE TO CANCE
L LOAD)" irem 82

800 FS=""sINPUT"{2 U0\{U] FILEH
MAE' 1 F$ t IFF$=" "THENPRINT tG
OTO310 trem 144

810 PRINT: PRINT" (2 D0WN)(RVS]T
(OFF) APE OR (RVS)D(0FF)ISK
1 (T/D)" :rem 227

820 GETA5TIFAS<>"T"ANDA5<>"D"T
HEN820 irem 34

830 DV=1-7*(AS="D") :IFDV=8THEN
F?="0:"+F$ :rem 157

840 TS=F5:ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK
(54)-LEN(T$) tPOKE782,ZK/25
6 t rem 2

841 POKE781,ZK-PEEK(7e2)*256:P
OKE780,LEN(T5) tSYS65469

: rem 107
845 POKE7B0,l:POKE781,DViPOKE7
82,l!SYS65466 irem 70
850 POKE780,0:SYS65493 trem 11
860 IF(PEEK(7a3)ANDl)OR(191AND
ST}THEN870 trem 111
865 PRINT"(DOWN)pONE. "tGOTO310

1 rem 96
870 PRINT "(DOWN) ERROR ON LOAD.
(2 SPACES) TRY AGAIN .( DOVJN)
" t IFDV-1THEN800 trem 172
880 OPENlS,8,15iINPUTI15,ElS,E
2?tPRINTE15;E25tCLOSE15:GO
TO800 : rem 102

1000 REM BUZZER trem 135

1001 POKE54296,15:POKES4277,45
iPOKE542 78,165 irem 207

1002 POKE54276,33:POKE 54273,6
tPOKE54272,5 : rem 42

1003 FORT=lTO200iNEXTtPOKE542 7
6 , 32 t POKE54273 ,0 : POKE5427
2,0tRETURN irem 202

2000 REM BELL SOUND irem 78

2001 POKE54296,15iPOKE54277,0:
POKE54278,247 trem 152

2002 POKE 54276,17 tPOKE54273, 4
0iPOKES4272,0 irem 86

COMPUTEI's Gazette October 198S 123

2003 FORT=lTO100:NEXTrPOKE5427
6, i6: RETURN s rem 57

3000 PRINTCS;" [RVsJnOT ZERO PA
GE OR ROH":GOTO1000

rrern 89

Automatic Syntax
Checker

(See instructions in article on page
104 before typing in.)

2049 : 047 , 00Q , 000 , H00 ,159,050, 008
2055 :048,057,055,050, 143,034, 146
2061 :020, 020, 020, 020, 020, 034, 147
2067 : 020, 032, 018, 067, 072, 069, 041
207 3 : 067, 075, 069, 082,03 2, 086, 180
2079 ! 049, 032, 080, 072. 07 3, 076, 157
2005 : 073, 080, 032, 078, 069, 076, 189
2091 ! 083, 079, 0 78, 000, 000, 000, 027
2097 : 169, 079, 13 3, 095, 169, 008, 190
2103 ; 133, 096, 169,191,133,090,099
2109 : 169, 01 1,1 3 3, 091, 169, 112, 234
2115 ! 133, 088, 169,195,133,089,106
2121 : 032, 191, 163, 076,000, 192, 21 5
2127 : 173, 002, 003, 201, 07 1,208, 225
2133 !022, 162,009, 189, 101, 195,231
2139 : 157, 002,003, 202,016, 247, 206
2145 t 169, 084, 160, 195, 032, 030,255
2151 !l71, 032, 015, 195, 096, 162, 006
2157 : 009, 189, 002, 003, 157, 101, 058
2163 ! 195, 202, 016, 247, 169, 071, 247
2169 : 141, 002, 003, 169, 194, 14 1,003
2175 : 003, 003, 169, 000, 133, 251, 174
2181 : 133, 2 53, 169, 160, 13 3, 252, 209
2187 ! 169,224, 133, 2 54, 160,000,055
2193 : 177, 251, 145, 251, 177, 253, 119
2199 ! 145, 253, 200, 208, 245, 165, 087
2205 : 252, 201, 192, 176, 007, 2 30, 191
2211 ! 252, 230, 254, 076, 064, 192,207
2217 :169,071,160,195,032,030,05a
2 223 ;171, 169,054,162,171,141,019
2229 : 01 2, 160, 142, 01 3, 160, 141,041
2 235 ;036, 160,142,037, 160, 141,095
2241 ! 040, 160, 142, 041, 160, 14 1,109
2247 !044, 160, 142, 045, 160,141, 123
2253 =064,160,142,06 5,160,141,169
2259 :06a, 160, 142,069, 160, 141,183
2265 ! 080,160, 142, 081, 160, 16 2, 2 34
2271 : 000, 169, 088, 157, 082,160, 111
227 7 : 169, 188,15 7,083,160,23 2,194
2283 :232,2 24,028,20a, 240, 169,056
2289 : 173, 141, 112, 160, 141, 118, 062
2295 : 160. 169, 183, 14 1,1 13, 160,149
2301 : 141, I 19, 160, 169, 036, 141, 251
2307 ! 018, 187, 169, 169, 141, 083, 002
2313 ! 184, 169, 000, 14 1,084, 184, 003
2319 J 169, 13 3, 141, 085, 184, 169, 128
2325 ! 097, 141, 086, 184, 169, 096, 026
2331 : 141, 087, 184, 169, 044, 141, 025
2337 i071, 171, 169, 240, 141, 113, 170
2343 : 168, 169, 003, 141, 114, 168, 034
2349 : 169, 03 2, 141, 11 5, 168, 169, 071
235 5 : 107, 141, 116, 168, 169, 169, 153
2361 ! 141, 117, 168,169,096, 14 L, 121
2367 =118,168,141,039,184,141,086
2373 : 163, 168, 141, 045, 225, 141, 184
2379 :187, 166,141,060,184,141,186
2385 : 131, 170, 141, 193,225,141,058
2391 :202, 225, 141, 111, 225, 141, 108
2397 =089,225,169,076,141,131,156
2403 : 168, 169,160,141,132, 168,013
2409 =169,168, 141, 13 3, 168, 169, 029
2415 =158,141,088,160,169,179,238
2421 : 14 1 ,089,160,169,18 3, 141,232
24 27 =093,169,169, 194,141,094,215
2433 :169, 169,076, 141 ,055,169,140
24 39 :169,064, 141,056, 169, 169, 135
2445 =169,141 ,05 7,169,169,183,005
24 51 =141,073,169,169,194,141,010
24 5 7 =074,169,169,076,141,076,090
2463 =167, 169,087,141,077, 167,199
2469 =169,167,141,078,167,169,032
2475 =076,141,120,167,169,146,222
2481 : 141, 12 1,167, 169,167,141,059

124 COMPUTEI's Gazmta October 1985

2487 ! 122, 167, 169,076, 141, 159,249
2493 =16 7,169,132,141,160,167,101
2499 =169,194,141,161,167,169, 172
2505 =076, 141, 039, 17 3, 169, 12 5, 156
2511 =141,040,173,169,173,141,020
2517 =041,173,169,076,141,117,162
2 523 =173,169,132,141,118, 173,101
2 5 29 =169,194,141,119,17 3,169,166
2533 ! 076, 141,144, 170,169,151,058
2 541 =141,145,170,169,170,141,149
2547 =146,170,169,076,141,006,183

25 53 =172,169,021,141,007,17 2,163
2 5 59 =169,172,141,008,172,162,055
2565 =000, ,189, 04 2, 195, 201, 25 5, 119
2 571 :240,S06, 157,024, 17 2,23 2,074
2 577 =208,243,169,234,141,123,111
2583 =171,141,124,171,141,125,128
2589 =171,169,011,141,129,171,053
2 595 =169,076,141, 141,171,169,134
2601 =006,141,142,171,169,17 2,074
2607 =141,143,171, 169,182,141,226
2613 =207,171,16 9,163,141,208,088
2619 =171,169,076,141,209,171,228
2625 =169,006,141,210,171,169,163
2631 =172,141,211, 171,169,076,243

26 3 7 =141,173,171,169,006,141 ,110
2643 =174,171,169,172,141,17 5,061
2649 =171,169,076,141 ,252,178,0 52
2655 =169, 01 5, 141, 253, 178, 169, 2 52
2661 =179,141,254,178,169,036,034
2667 =141,075,183,169,044,141,092
2673 =18 2,179,162,000,189,063,120
2679 =195,201,255,240,007,157,150
2685 =247,179,2 3 2,0 76,038,194,067
2691 =173,097,195,208,008,169,213
2697 1001,141,097,195,03 2,068,159
2703 =166,032,096,166,076, 157,068
2709 =227,032,096,16 5,134,12 2,157
2715 =132,123,032, 115,000,170,215
2721 =240,243, 162, 255, 134,058, 229

27 27 ! 144, 009, 032, 01 5, 195, 03 2, 082
27 33 =121,165,076,228,167,032,194
27 39 =107,169,032,121,165,140,145
2745 =098,195,165,020,141,099,135
27 51 =195,165,021,141,100,195,240
2757 :03 2, 244, 194, 169, 2 55, 13 3, 200
2763 =122,169,001,133,123,076,059
27 69 =140,194,160,000,17 7,12 2,234
2775 =240,014,208,065,03 2,099,105
2781 =166,032,115,000,032,174,2 28
2787 =194,076,132,194,032,015,102
279 3 =195,17 3,099,195,13 3,020,024
2799 =173,100,195,13 3,021,03 2,125
2805 =096,166,172,098,195,076,024
2811 =162,164,201,000,240,026,020
2817 =201,058,240,214,056,233,235
2823 =128, 144,023,201,035,176,207
2829 =030,010,163,185,013,160,06 7
283 5 =072,185,012,160,072,076,084
2841 =115,000,096,201.058,240,223
2847 =187,03 2,015,195,076,008,032
2853 : 175, 032, 165, 169,076,132,018
2859 =194,201,075,208,009,032,2 50
286 5 =115,000,169,164,032,255,016
2871 =174,096,138,072,032,015,070

28 77 :195, 104,170,108,000,003, 129
2883 =120,169,140,141,008,003,136
2889 =169,194,141,009,003,169,246
2895 =234,141,000,003,169,194,052
2901 =141,001,003,169,053,13 3,073
2907 =001,088,096,120,169,2 28,025
2913 =141,008,003,169,167,141,214
2919 =009 , 003 ,169,139, 141 , 000 , 052
2925 =003,169,227,141,001,003,141
2931 =169,055,133,001,088,096,145

29 37 =032.121,000,240,008,201,211
2943 =058,240,004,201.044,240,146
2949 =001,096,03 2,115,000,076,197
2955 =021,172,255,032,241,174,010
2961 =032,141,173,096,255,018,092
2967 :067 , 072 , 069 , 067 , 075 ,069 ,058
2973 =082,032,079,078,032,000,204
2979 =018,067,072,069,067,075,019
2985 =069,082,03 2,079,070,070,059
2991 ! 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 ,131,050
2997 =164,124,165,026,157,228,031
3003 =167,134, 174,013,013,013,189

Turnabout

(See instructions in article on page
50 before typing in.)

49152 =169, 002, 14 1,178, 002, 169, 149

49158 =000,141,179,002,141,180,137

49164 =002,141 , 181,002, 169,001 ,252

49170 1 141, IS3, 002, 169, 003, 141, 145

49170 =182, 002, 032, 209, 200, 169, 050

49 182 =200,141,169,002,032,199,004

4918B =192,032,113,194,032,101,188

49194 =200,162,023,160,015,024,114

49200 =032,240,25 5,169,062 ,160, 198

49206 =201,032,030,171,173,000,149

49212 =220,041 ,016 ,200,249, 160, 186

4921B =018,169,032,153,194,005,125

492 24 =136,016,248,206,060,003,229
49230 =208,015,173,061,003,141, 167
49236 =060,003,032,161,193,03 2,053
49242 =157,192,032,101,200,206,210
49248 =168,002,208,012,17 3,169,060
49254 =002,141, 168, 002, 032. 135, 070
49260 =196,136,208,253,173,141,191
49266 =002,208, 251, 032, 225, 198, 006
49272 =174,202,002,202,203,25 3,137
49 278 =238,200,002,173,200,002, 17 3
49284 =201,015,209,012,201,008,009
49290 =208,008,17 3,126,192,073,150
49296 =032,141,126,192,173,200,240
49302 =002,141,008,212,076,075, 152
49308 =192,206,201,002,208,035,23 2
49314 : 169, 006, 141, 201, 002, 206, 119
49 320 =060,201,173,060,201,201,040

493 26 =2 55,209,020,206,061,201,101
4933 2 =201 ,2 55,208,013, 169,000,002
493 38 =141,061,201,141,060,201,223
49344 =169,050,141,202,002,096,084
49350 =169,100,141,202,002,169,213
49356 =006,141,201,002,169,14 7,102
49362 =032,210,255,169,030,032.170
49 368 =210,2 55,169,000,141,033,000
49 374 =208,141,032,208,169,021,233
49380 : 133, 002, 160, 000, 032, 067, 110
49 386 =193,160,039,032,067,193,150
4939 2 =198.002,016,242,169,021,120
49398 il33, 002, 160,000, 166,002,197
49404 =024,03 2,240,255,165,002,202
49410 =240,014,201,021,240,010,216
49416 =169,120,160,193,032,030,200
49422 =171,076,025,193,169,079,215
49428 =160,193,032,030,171,198,036
49434 ! 002 , 199 , 002 ,198,002,016,183
49440 :215,16a,022, 160,000,024, 103
49446 =032,240,255,162,040,169,168
49452 =160,032,210,25 5,202,208,087
49458 =250,162,022,160,000,024,156
49464 =032,240,255,169,028,160,172
49470 1 200 , 032 , 030 , 1 7 1 , 096 , 166 , 245
49476 =002,024,03 2,240,255,169,022
49482 =194,032,210,2 55,096,209,046
49488 =195,195,209,195,195,209,254
49494 =195,195,209,195,195,209,004
49500 : 195 , 195 , 209, 195 , 195 , 209 ,010
49506 =195,195,209,195,195,209,016
49512 =195,195,209,195,195,209,02 2
49518 =195,195,209,195,195,209,028
49524 =195,195,209,000,209,195,095
49530 =195,209,032,032,209,195,226
49536 -■195,209,032,03 2,209,195,23 2
49542 =195,209,032,032,209,195,2 33
49549 =195,209,032,03 2,209,195,244
49554 =195,209,032,032,209,195,250
49560 =195,209,032,032,209,195,000
49566 : 195 , 209, 000 , 165 , 249, 133 , 095
49572 =247,16 5,2 50,13 3,248,160,087

495 73 =082,173,000,220,041,031,205
49594 =201,031,208,003,076,076,003
49590 =194,169,032,145,005,173,132
49596 1000,220,074,176,012,198,100
49602 =248,169,001,133,2 52,13 3,106
49608 =144,16 2,040,209,064,074,124
49614 =176,012,230,2 48,169,000,017
49620 =133,2 52,133,144,162,040,052

496 26 1 20a , 034 , 074 , 1 76 , 014 , 1 98 , 1 54
4963 2 =247,169,002,13 3,144,169,064
496 39 =000,133,251,162,001,208,217
49644 =032,074,176,092,230,247,063
49650 =169,003,133,144,169,001,093
49656 =133,251,162,001,208,000,23 5
49662 1 1 38 , 024 , 1 01 , 005 , 1 33 , 003 , 1 46

49668 ! 165, 006, 105, 9*50,133,004, 161
49674 :a76 ,028 , 194 , 134 ,002 , 165 , 097
49680 5005 ,056 , 229 ,002 , 13 3 ,003 , 188
49686 1165,006,233,000,133,004,051
49692 1032,019,195,000,160,082,012
49690 ,040,176,039,165,003,133.078
49704 .005,16 5,004,13 3,006,165,006
49710 ,247,133,249,165,248,133,197
49716 ,250,166,144,189,109,194,080
49722 ,069,150,201,038,072,176,252
497 28 ,002,133,149,16 5, 150,07 3,224
49734 ,001,133,156,104,208,002,156
49740 : 16 5, 149, 072, 17 7, 005, 201,, 07 7
49746 1045,144,003,238,198,002,200
49752 ,104,145,005,165,005,024,024
49758 ,105,000,133,003,165,006,2 50
49764 ,105,212,133,004,169,001,212
49770 ,145,003,096,036,036,038,204
49776 ,040,169,084,133,005,169,200
49782 ,005,133,006,169,150,141,210
49788 ,060,003,141,061,003,169,049
49794 ,022,133,249,169,010,133,078
49800 ,250,174,178,002,202,189,107
49806 J003 , 195, 157 ,062 ,003 . 189 ,239
49812 ,009,195,157,002,003,189,015
49818 ,015,195,157,102,003,169,627
49024 ,600,157,142,003,133,150,233
49030 .157,182,003,157,162,003,062
49836 ,141,198,002,202,016,219,182
49842 1169,036,133,149,160,023,080
49848 ,169,006,153,000,212,136,086
49854 ,016,2 50,169,015,141,024,037
49860 : 212, 169, 068, 141, 003, 21 2, 17 3
49866 ,169,240,141,006,212,169,115
4987 2 ,255,141,012,212,169,240,213
49878 ,141,013,212,169,129,141,251
49804 ,611,212,169,010,141,200,195
49890 1002,169,000,141,060,201,031
49896 ,141,061,201,174,183,002,226
49902 1 173 , 060 , 201 , 024 , 105, 100, 133
49908 : 141 ,060 ,201, 173, 061, 201, 057
49914 1105,000,141,061,201,202,192
49920 1208,2 36,096,002,037,002,069
49926 ,037,620,020,001,001,019,104
49932 ,019, 001, 019, 001, 002, 003 ,057
49938 ,000,177,003,201,066,240,193
49944 ,003,076,162,195,160,042,150
49950 ,177,003,201,001,208,064,252
49956 ,165,251,208,031,160,161,244
49962 ,177,063,201,032,208,008,159
49968 : 160, 160, 17 7,003,201,03 2,013
49974 ,240,003,076,093,196,169,063
49980 ,067,162,161,145,003,03 2,118
49986 :10S, 196,076,045,196, 160,076
49992 ,163,177,603,201,032,208,088
49998 1008,160, 164,177,003,201,023
50064 ,032,240,063,076,693,196,212
50010 ! 169,067 , 162 , 163 ,032 , 105 ,020
50016 ,196,076,045,196,16 5,251,001
50022 ,208,029,166,001,177,003,168
50028 1201,032,208,008,166,000,205
50034 1177,003, 201 ,032,240,063,002
50040 ,076,09 3,196,169,667,16 2,115
50046 ! 001 , 032 , 1 05 , 1 96 , 076 , 057 , 081
50652 1 196,160 ,003 , 17 7 ,003 , 201 , 164
50058 ,032,208,008,160,004, 177,215
56064 ,003,201 ,032,240,003,076,187
50070 5093,1,96,169,067,162,003,672
50076 ,032,105,196,075,657,196,650
50082 i201 ,067 , 240 ,003 ,076 , 097 ,078
50608 ,196,166,601,17 7,003,201,218
56094 ,001,268,062,165,2 52,200,126
50100 ,029,160,124,177,003,201,106
50106 ,032 , 208,000 , 160 , 164 , 177 , 167
50112 ,003,261,032,240,003,076,235
50118 ,093,196,169,066,162,124,240
50124 5 032,105,196,676,069,196,110
50130 , 160 , 044 , 177 ,003,201, 032 ,659
50136 £200,008,166,064,17 7,003,008
50142 1261,032,240,003,076,693,099
50148 ,196,169,066,162,644,03 2,129
50154 1105,196,076,069,196,165,017
50160 ,252,260,029,160,120,17 7,162
50166 ,003,201 ,032,208,000, 160,090
5017 2 ,160,17 7,003,201,032,240,041
50178 ,003,076,093,196,169,066,093
50184 ,162,120,03 2,105,196,076,187
50190 ,081,196,160,046,177,003,159
50196 ,201,032,208,008,160.060,117
50262 ,177,003,201,032,240,003, 170
50208 ,076,093,196,169,066,162,026

50214 £040,032,165,196,076,081,056
50220 1196,160,082,169,032,145,066
50226 £003,160,122,145,003,208,179
5023 2 £038,160,682,169,032,145,170
56238 ,603,160,042,145,003,208,111
56244 ,026,160,082,169,03 2,145,170
50250 £003 , 160 ,083 , 145 ,003 , 208, 164
50256 ,014,160,082,169,032,145,170
56262 ,003 , 160 ,081 , 145 ,003 , 208, 174
50268 ,002,056,096,024,096,201,055
50274 ,032,240,002,056,096,024,036
50280 =096,14 5, 003, 072, 16 5, 003, 076
50286 ,024,105,000,133,253,165,022
50292 ,004,105,212,133,2 54,169,2 25
50298 £005,145,253,138,168.104,167
50304 £145,003,169,005,145,253,686
50310 ,096,174,178,002,202,189,207
50316 £10 2,003,246,063,076,216,692
50322 ,197 , 189,102,603,141 , 171 , 181
503 28 5002,189,062,003,133,247,020
50334 ,189,082,003,133,248,032,077
50340 ,2 23,197,165,249,056,229,603
50346 ,247,201,002,176,016,160,204
56352 ,000,165,250,197,248,144,156
50358 ,002,160,602,152,157,122,009
50364 ,003,016,023,165,250,056,189
50370 ,229,248,201,002,176,022,048
50376 ,160,003,165,249,197,247,197
50382 ,144,002,160,001,152,157,054
S0388 ,122,003,157,102,003,032,119
■ 50394 ,101,198,144,016,189,162,200
50400 ,603, 073, 002, 221, 122, 003, 136
50406 5240,008,189,122,003,032,056
50412 ,101,198,144,118,189,102,064
50418 ,003,032,101,198,144,110,062
50424 £032,691,198,041,603,073,174
50430 ,002,221,102,663,240,244,042
50436 ,157,102,003,222,102,003,081
50442 , 032 , 091 , 198 , 0 16 , 604 , 169 , 008
56448 52 22,200,002,169,2 54,141,244
50454 5029,197,169,003,141,170,219
50460 ,002,254,102,003,189,102,168
50466 , 003 , 016 . 002 , 169 , 003 , 201 , 17 2
50472 5004,208,005,169,000,15 7,671
50478 ,102,003,032,101,198,144,114
50484 5 049,206,170,002,048,002,017
50490 ,016,225,139,062,003,133,174
50496 ,247,189,082,003,133,248,198
50502 ,173,171,002,157,102,003,166
50508 ,2 54,162,003,189,162,003,081
50514 ,201,010,208,021,032,2 23,009
50520 5 197,169,001,157,182,003,029
50526 ,162,001,032,208,199,076,004
50532 5 216,197,169,000,15 7,162,233
50538 ,003,165,247,157,062,003,231
50544 ,16 5,248,157,082,003,032,031
50550 ,015,198,138,072,189,142,104
50556 5063,024,105,004,201,016,221
50562 5268,002,169,000,157,142,040
50568 ,003,170,16 5,195,024,105,030
50574 , 000 , 1 33 , 02 5 , 165 , 1 96 , 105 , 2 54
50580 5 212,133,026,189,059,198,197
50586 ,160,000,032,2 55,197 ,145,175
50592 ,195, 189, 075, 198, 145, 02 5, 2 19
50598 5 160 , 001 , 032 , 255 , 197 , 232 , 019
50604 5 109,059,198,145,195,189,123
50610 ,075,198,145,02 5,232,189,018
50616 5059,198,160,040,032,2 55,160
50622 ,197,145,195,189,075,198,165
50628 ,145,02 5,23 2,189,059,198,020
50634 1160,641,032,255,197,145,008
50640 ,195,189,07 5,198,145,025,011
50646 ,104,170,202,048,003,076,049
50652 ,139,196,096,032,015,198,123
506 58 5 032,255,197,169,032,145,032
50664 ,195,166,001,032,255,197,048
50670 ,145,195,160,040,032,2 55,041
50676 ,197,145,195,160,041,632,246
50682 ! 255 , 197 ,145 , 195 ,096,072 , 186
50688 ,177,195,261,036,144,007,248
56694 , 261 , 042 , 176 , 003 , 238 , 1 98 , 096
50700 1002,164,096,169,000,133,004
50706 5 195 , 169 , 004 , 1 33 , 1 96 , 164 , 1 1 1
50712 5 248,240,016,16 5,195,024,144
50718 ,105,040,133,195,165,196,096
50724 ,105,000,133,196,136,016,110
50730 5 238,165,195,024.101,247.244
50736 ,133,195,16 5,196,105,000,074
50742 ,133,196,160,600,096,079,206
50748 ,119,116,032,119,080,032,646
50 754 ,103,032,103,111,122,116,141

50760 ,032,676,111,002,607,068,052
50766 ,009,002,007,008,009,002,115
50772 ,007,008,009,002,007,008,125
50778 ,009,165,143,010,010,056,2 27
50784 ,101,143,133,143,096,07 2,016
50790 5 189,062,003,133,247,189,157
50796 ,082,003,133,248,104,208,118
50802 1009, 198 ,240 , 160 ,040 ,032 , 033
50800 ,17 3,198,144,066,201,002,136
50814 ,208,009,230,248,160,040,253
50820 ,032,159,198,144,053,201,151
50826 ,003,208,009,198,247,160,195
50832 ,001,03 2, 173, 198, 144, 040 ,'2 26
508 38 : 230 ,247 , 160 , 001 , 032 , 159 , 21 1
50844 5 198,144,031,152,024,101,038
50850 5 195 , 133 , 195 , 165 , 196 , 105 , 127
50856 ,000,13 3,196,024,096,13 2,2 37
50862 1002,165,195,056,2 29,002,055
50868 1133,195,16 5,196,2 33,000,078
50874 5] 33, 196, 024, 096, 032, 015, 170
50880 ,198,177,195,201,060,176,175
50886 ,025,166,001,177,195,201,109
50892 5660,176,017,166,040,177,066
50898 -195,201,060,176,069,160,243
56904 5 041,17 7,195,201,060,176,042
50910 5061,024,096,174,178,002,185
50916 ,202,189,182,003,240,126,146
50922 ,202,016,248,173,183,002,034
56928 ,010,170,032,208,199,238,073
50934 ,183,002,173,179,002,073,090
50940 ,061,141,179,602,208,017,03 2
50946 : 173, 182 ,002 , 201 ,003 , 240 , 035
50952 ,005, 238, 182, 002, 016, 005, 206
50958 ,162,005,032,208,199,173,025
50964 5 178,062,201,006,240,005,140
50970 ,238,178,002,016,009,173,130
50976 ,169,002,056,2 33,020,141,141
50982 5 169,002,169,030,141,199,236
50980 ,002,169,016,141 ,011,212,083
50994 ,173,180,002,024,169,060,086
51000 1 201 , 141 , 180,002 ,173,191, 166
51606 £002,109,061,201,141,181,245
51012 5002,169,067,141,004,212,151
51018 ,173,199,002,141,015,212,048
51624 5 141,033,208,03 2,180,200,106
51030 ,173,199,002,024,105,010,087
51036 ,141,199,002,261,060,208,135
51042 ,2 31,104,104,076,034,192,071
51048 ,173,190,002,240,663,169,181
51054 5067,141,004,212, 169,020,211
51060 ,141,199,002,169,016,141,016
51066 ,011,212,173,199,002,141,092
51072 ,015,212,632,180,200,17 3,172
51078 ,199,002,056,233,001,141,254
51084 ,199,002,201,615,208,2 34,231
51090 : 169 ,016 , 141 ,004 , 212 , 206, 126
51096 ,182,002,240,017,206,198,2 29
51102 ,002,032,101,200,162,026,163
51108 ,03 2,226,199,104,104,076,137
51114 5034,192,096,169,632,141,066
51120 ,199,067,03 2,101,200,16 2,109
51126 5 010,160,015,024,032,240,151
51132 ,255,16 9,249,160,199,03 2,228
51138 ,030,171,173,600,220,041,061
51144 ,016,208,249,104,104,076,189
51150 5000,192,173,180,002,024,009
51156 ,105,050,141,180,002,144,066
51162 ,003,238,181,062,202,200,620
51168 5 2 39,096,169,000,133,162,2 55
51174 5 138,197,162,268,2 52,696,003
51180 ,152,072,160,050,136,260,246
51186 ,2 53,202,208,250,104,168,147
51192 ,096,158,018,071,065,077,221
51198 ,669,632,079,686,069,082,159
51204 5 146,017,017,157,157,157,14 3
51210 ,157,157,157,157,157,157,184
51216 ,150,680,082,069,083,083,051
51222 ,032,670,073,082,669,000,092
51228 ,129,083,067,079,082,069,02 5
51234 5 166,160,160,160,160,160,226
51240 ,160,160,160,160,160,160,232
51246 ,160,160,160, 160,160,160,2 38
512 52 5 160,160,160,166,160,160,244
51258 ,066,079,078,085,083,013,206
51264 5013,159,076,073,086,669,028
51270 £083,032,032,032,032.032,057
51276 1032,032,032,032,032,032,012
51282 ,032,032,032,032,032,032,018
51208 ,032,032,032,632,032,032,024
51294 ,032,076,069,086,069,076,245
51300 ,000,169,129,032,210,255,127 |

COMPUTEfs Gazette October 1985 125

51306

51312

51318

51324

51330

51336

5134a

5I34B

51354

51360

S1366

S1372

51378

51384

51390

51396

51402

51408

51414

51420

51426

51432

51438

51444

51450

51456

51462

51458

51474

51480

51486

51492

51498

51504

51510

51516

51522

51529

51534

51540

51546

S1552

51553

51564

tl62

l240

!ie0

1022

:2 55

(201

:032

:210

1008

:202

:035

1000

= 189

:212

:200

:001

:199

!096

!l69

:169

!U3

il77

!249

!016

:201
:247
:169
1024
1036

!090

:04B
1048
:036
!094
:312
:100
I07B
1032
1 145
I MS
!l57
il57
1083
:000

,022,160
,255,173
,002,032
,160,035
.173,061
,032,205
.210,255
,255,174
,169,038
,208.250
,024,032
,174,183
,096.160
,162,006
,192,075
,212,162
,136.192
,120,169
.000,133
,056,133
,254.162
,253,145
,230,254
,242,160
,153,032
,169,055
,030,141
,060,024
, 102,024
,024,102
,028,122
,120,048
,020,012
024,100
,058,060
,000,153
,065,066
,032,145
,145,145
,145,157
,157,157
,150,080
,032,070
,002,255

,006,024

,181,002

,205,189

,024,032

,201,174

,189,169

,169,159

,182,002

,157,198

,162,024

.2 40,2 55

,002.032

,050,140

,032,236

,208.243

,006,032

,050,208

,051,133

,251,133

,252,169

, 008 , 1 60

,251,136

-230,252

,047,185

.057.136

,133,001

,024,208

,060,090

,060,024

,066,048

,024,038

,092,060

,030,012

,070,012

,024,036

,084,085

,079,085

,145,145

,145,145

,157,157

,157,157

,082,069

,0 73,082

,252,254

,032,000

.174,113

,162,120

,240,125

,060,030

,160,068

,032.231

,240,187

.007,219

,160,142

,169,153

,205.000

,001.046

,199,007

,140,224

,236,077

,243,306

.001,010

,253,129

,208,103

,000, 175

,200,122

,202,119

,012,138

,016,077

,088,131

,096,162

,024,038

,060,060

,120,218

,098,132

,024,172

,056,200

,030,122

,040,028

,082,052

,084,011

,145,204

,145,180

,157,234

,157,008

,083,205

,069,255

,000,103

Power BASIC: USR
Joystick Reader

(Article on pa^e 94.)

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTO's GAZETTE Programs,"
which appears before the Program
Listings,

Program 1: USR Joystick
Reader — 64 Version

10 FORA=6 79T0743!READBiCH"CH+B
I POKEA, B iNEXT i IFCH< > SS99THE
NP HI NT "DATA ERROR "j END

irem SB
20 POKE7B5, 167iPOKE786,2tPRINT
"{ CLR H DOWN ) ACTIVATED "

irera 175
30 DATA 32,247,183,165,20,201

:rem 136
40 DATA 3,176,26,73,3,170

irem 200
50 DATA 1789,255,219,41,15,133

iretn 151
60 DATA 2,169,15,56,229,2

:rein 206
70 DATA 170,199,221,2,168,169

I rem 157
S0 DATA 0,32,145,179,96,160

I rem 52
90 DATA 0,41,1,170,189,0

I rem 143

126 COMPUTEts Gezelte Oclobor 1985

100 DATA 220,41,16,208,1,200

srem 68
110 DATA 169,0,32,145,179,96

irem 103
120 DATA 0,1,3,0,4,8,7,0,2,5,6

:reiti 153

Program 2: USR loystick
Reader— VIC Version

10 F0RA=679TO766:READB!CH=CH+B
iP0KEA,BiNEXT:IFCH<>8799THE
HP RI NT "DATA ERROR": END

trem 57
20 POKEl,167iP0KE2,2;PRINT"
{ CLR ) ( DOWN ] ACT I VAT ED "

trem 201
30 DATA 32,247,215,165,20,74

!rem 92
40 DATA 144,53,169,0,141,19

:rem 43
50 DATA 145,169,127,141,34,145

trem 198
60 DATA 173,32,145,74,74,41

trem 49
70 DATA 32,133,251,173,17,145

:rem 142
80 DATA 41,20,5,251,74,74

i rem 208
90 DATA 41,15,133,251,169,15

:rem 95
100 DATA 56,229,251,170,189,24
^ srem 251

110 DATA 2,166,169,0,32,145

1 rem 4 0
120 DATA 211,169,255,141,34,14
S trem 240

130 DATA 96,160,0,173,17,145

: rem 93
140 DATA 41,32,208,1,200,169

:rem 82
150 DATA 0,32,145,211,96,0

trem 238
160 DATA 1,3,0,4,8,7,0,2,5,6

t rem 65

Kaleidoscope

(Article on page 107.)
Program 1: Kaleidoscope—
64 Version

10 FORI=0TO7jREADM(I) jNEXTsDAT
Al, 4, 25, 128, 2, 10, 60, 255

:rem 18
20 POKE53280,12iPOKE53281,12:P
RINT"{BLK)":GOSUB450:rem 11
30 REM * ML ROUTINE ADDRESSES

[SPACE]* :ren 248

40 KAL=49664!A=!49696:CHAR=>251;

X=253:Y=254 : rem 81

50 SEED=KAL+126:POKESEED,25S*R

ND(-TI>+1;REM * SEED RANDOM

# GEN • irem 135

60 POKESEED+l,256*RNDtl) iPOKEX

, 0 : POKEY, 0 ! POKECHAR, 160 :GOS

UB270 :rem 67

70 REM * INTRO PAGE * ! rem 72

80 PRINT"{CLR) [ 5 DOl«J)

(12 SPACEsiwELCOME TO
[2 DOVrtJ)": PRINT "(10 SPACES)
UCCCCCCCCCCCCI " I rem 191

90 PRINT" 110 SPACES]-KALEIDOSC
OPE-" sreri 103

100 PRINT" {10 SPACESJJ********
****K{4 DOim}": print"
TS SPACES J HIT ANY KEY TO C
ONTINUE" I rem 4

110 GOSUB290iPOKEA,25!GOTO330

trem 243

120 REM * MAIN LOOP • : rem 42
130 SYSKAL:FORI=lTODiNEXT:GETA
5:IFA?=""THEN130 : rem 148
140 V=VAL(A?) :IFA5="0"THEND=1

:rem 129
150 IFV>0THEND=2.4tV i rem 225
160 IFAS="0"THENEND : rem 99

170 FORI = 0TO7:IFA$ = CliRS( 133+1)
THENPOKEA,M{I> : rem 137

180 NEXTIiIFA5="Q"THENGOSUB250

:rem 88
190 IFA$="C"THENGOSUB270

:rem 154

200 IFA?=CHR5{147)THENPRINTCKR

5(147) !GOTO130 irem 98

210 IFA$="H"THEN3 30 : rem 21

220 IFAS=" "THENGOSUB290

; rem S3
230 GOTO130 ;rem 98

240 REM * BLACK AND WHITE *

:rem 127
250 P0KE49692,1 : RETURN : rem 7 5
260 REM * COLOR * : rem 79

2 70 P0KE49692, 15:RETURN

irem 130
280 REM * HIT ANY * trem 159

290 GETA5:IFAS<>""THEN290

1 rem 150
300 GETA5iIFA$=""THEN300

:rem 73
310 RETURN :rem 116

320 REM * HELP MESSAGE *

trem 251

330 PRINT"[CLR) (3 SPACESjTO CO

NTROL THE DISPLAY, TYPE TH

ESE" trem 156

340 PRINT"! 3 SPACES) CHARACTERS

WHILE THE KALEIDOSCOPE"

trem 21

350 PRINT" {14 SPACES] IS RUNNIN

G" I rem 38

360 PRINT"{2 DOWNjFl THROUGH F

8 : CONTROL COMPLEXITY
[DOWN}" irem 28

370 PRINT" 0 THROUGH [2 SPACES)

9 ! CONTROL SPEED(DOWN)"

380 PRINT" [6 SPACES ]B

{7 SPACES): BLACK AND WHIT
E(D0WN]" trem 170

390 PRINT" {6 SPACES )C

{7 SPACES): 16 COLORS" iPRI
NT"(D0V/N}[4 SPACES JSPACK
[5 SPACES): FREEZE DISPLAY
:rem IBB
400 PRINT" {DOWN) {5 SPACES )CLR
[6 SPACES): CLEAR SCREEN":
PRINT" {DOWN) (6 SPACES }H
(7 SPACES}: HELPl":rem 160
410 PRINT"[D0WN] [6 SPACESJQ

t7 SPACES): 0UIT[2 DOWN)"

trem 103

420 PRINT" HIT ANY KEY TO STAR

T THE KALEIDOSCOPE" :G0SUB2

90:PRINTCHR5(147) i rem 172

430 GOTO130 :rem 100

440 REM * LOAD ML ROUTINES *

1 rem 2
450 PRINTCHR$(147)". . .LOADING

[SPACE)ML" :rem 121

460 S=0:C=49664:FORI=CTOC+24et
READX:POKEI,X:S=>S+XjNEXT

1 rem 183

470 1FS<>33124THENPRINT"ERR0R

[SPACE} IN DATA STATEMENTS"

:END :rem 7 2

480 RETURN : rem 124

490 DATA 173,32,194,133,165,32

trem 201
500 DATA 33,194,32,90,194,3 2

: rem 96
510 DATA 33,194,32,90,194,198

trem 158

520 DATA 165,208,240,238,240,1

93 :rem 41

530 DATA 173,240,193,41,15,133

:rem 190
540 DATA 252,96,25,32,43,194

:reri 104
550 DATA 32,65,194.32,43,194

:rem 104
560 DATA 96,32,172,194,32,74

:rem 109
570 DATA 194,32,172,194,32,82

: rem 156
580 DATA 194,32,172,194,32,74

! rem 158
590 DATA 194,32,172,194,96,165

: rem 218
600 DATA 253,164,254,133,254,1
32 :rem 35

610 DATA 253,96,169,24,56,229

£ rem 164
620 DATA 253,133,253,96,169,24

; rem 206
630 DATA 56,229,254,133,254,96

; rem 211
640 DATA 32,109,194,144,7,32

:rein 9f)
650 DATA 109,194,144,28,176,3 5

jrera 210
660 DATA 32,109,194,144,43,176

: rem 205
670 DATA 50,14,127,194,46,126

! rem 152
680 DATA 194,144,8,173,127,194

:rein 214
690 DATA 73,45,141,127,194,96

ireni 16 5
700 DATA 109,12,198,253,16,4

! rem 97
710 DATA 169,24,133,253,96,230

:rem 201
720 DATA 253,165,253,201,25,20
6 ; rem 243

730 DATA 4,169,0,133,253,96

: rem 52
740 DATA 198,254,16,4,169,24

: rem 111
750 DATA 133,254,96,230,254,16
5 irem 255

760 DATA 254,201,25,208,4,169

: rem 150
770 DATA 0,133,254,96,32,193

:rem 103
780 DATA 194,165,251,160,0,145

:rem 200

790 DATA 163,169,212,24,101,16

4 : rem 24B

800 DATA 133,164,165,2 52,145,1

63 : rem 41
810 DATA 96,169,4,133,164,165

irem 160
820 DATA 253,24,105,7,133,163

;rem 142
830 DATA 166,254,160,0,32,230

:rem 138
840 DATA 194,32,230,194,32,230

: rem 194
850 DATA 194,32,237,194,32,230

:rem 202
860 DATA 194,32,230,194,32,237

:rem 203
870 DATA 194,96,136,10,170,152

:rera 207
880 DATA 42,168,96,24,138,101

:rem 158
890 DATA 163,133,163,152,101,1

64 :rem 39
900 DATA 133,164,96 : rem 172

Program 2: Kaleidoscope —
VIC Version

10 POKE56,28:CLR:FORI=0TO7:REA

DM(I) :NEXT!DATA1 ,4,25,128,2

,10,60,255 srem 151

20 P0KE36a79,25!pRINT"{BLK}"'G

OSUB450 ! rem 35

30 REM * ML ROUTINE ADDRESSES

(SPACE]* srera 24B

40 KAL-7169!A=7201iCHAR=2 51:X=
253:Y=254 : rem 211

50 SEED=KAL+126!POKESEED,255*R
ND(-TI>+1:REM * SEED RANDOM
# GEN * srem 135

613 POKESEED+l,256*RND(l):POKEX
,0iPOKEy,0iPOKECHAR,160£GOS
UQ270 srem 67

70 REM * INTRO PAGE * irem 72
80 PRINT'MCLR) (5 DOWN)
(6 SPACES) WELCOME TO
£2 D0HN)":PRINT"{4 SPACES)U
CCCCCCCCCCCCI" irem 191

90 PRINT'') 4 SPACES }-KALEID0SCO
PE-" irera 103

100 PRINT" (4 SPACES] J*********
**«Ki4 DOWN)": PRINT "HIT A
TSPACEjKEY TO CONTINUE"

irem 93
110 GOSUB290:POKEA,25iGOTO330

irera 243

120 REM * MAIN LOOP * : rem 42

130 SYSKAL: FORI =1T0D! NEXT :GETA

5iIFA5»""THEN130 i rem 148

140 V-VAL(AS)iIFAS-"0"THEND=l

trem 129
150 IF^»0THEND=2.4Tv srem 225
160 IFA$-"Q"THEEJEND irem 99

170 FORI=0TO7;IFA5=CHRS(133+I)
THENPOKEA,M{I) :reml37

180 NEXTl!lFA?="B"THENGOSUB250

irem 88
190 IFA$-"C''THENGOSUB270

irem 154

200 IFA5=CHRS(147)THENPRINTCHR

5(147) !GOTO130 : rem 98

210 IFA$="H"THEN3 30 irem 21

220 IFAS=" "THENGOSUB290

:rem 83
230 GOTO130 irem 98

240 REM * BLACK AND WHITE *

jrera 127
250 POKE7197,l!RETURN irem 21
260 REM * COLOR ♦ irem 79

270 POKE7197,7iRETURN irem 29
280 REM * HIT ANY * irem 159

290 GETA5iIFA5<>""THEN290

;rem 150
300 GETAS:IFA5=""THEN300

irem 73
310 RETURN irem 116

320 REM * HELP MESSAGE *

irem 251
330 PRINT" ICLR) TO CONTROL THE
{SPACE)DISPLAY,TYPE THESE
[ SPACE icHARACTERSWHILE THE
KALEIDOSCOPEIS "; irem 32
350 PRINT "RUNNING:" : rem 196

360 PRINT" (down) J RVS}F1-F8
E off): ALTER COMPLEXITY"

1 rem 1
3 70 PRINT" tRVS) 0-9 (OFF)

(2 SPACES) SALTER SPEED"

1 rem 200
380 PRINT" (DOWN) {RVS)b( OFF)

(4 SPACES):BLACK AND WHITE
" irem 78

390 PRINT" (DOWN) fRVS)c{OFF)

(4 spaces! iS COLORS" iPRINT
"(DOWN) (RVS) SPACE (OFF) ;FRE
EZE DISPLAY" irem 230

400 PRINT"{D0UN) (RVS3CLR{0FFi

(2 SPACES): CLEAR SCREEN" iP
RINT"(D0WN) (rvs)h(off)
{4 SPACES) 1 HELP 1" :rem 232
410 print"Edown) (rvs)q(off)

(4 SPACES) I QUIT (DOWN)"

:rem 250

420 PRINT" HIT ANY KEY TO STAR

t(4 spaces )THE KALEIDOSCOP

E"; iGOSUB290:PRINTCHR5(147

) srem 231

430 GOTO130 srem 100

440 REM * LOAD ML ROUTINES *

; rem 2
450 PRINTCHR5( 147)". ..LOADING

(SPACE) ML" irem 121

460 S-0:C=7169:FORI=CTOC+231:R
EADX I POKEl , X s S=S+X sNEXT

irem 121

470 IFS<>25910THENPRIN^"ERROR

(space) IN DATA STATEMENTS"

J END irem 76

480 RETURN irem 124

490 DATA 173,33,28,133,165,32

I re m 150
500 DATA 34,28,32,91,28,32

irem 250
510 DATA 34,28,32,91,28,198

srem 56
520 DATA 165,208,240,238,0,28

irem 144
530 DATA 173,0,28,41,7,133

irem 246
540 DATA 252,96,128,32,44,28

:rem 105
550 DATA 32,66,28,32,44,28

I rem 2
560 DATA 96,32,173,28,32,75

s rem 59
570 DATA 28,32,173.28,32,83

1 rem 54
580 DATA 28,32,173,28,32,75

irem 56
590 DATA 28,32,173,28,96,165

:rem 115
600 DATA 253,164,254,133,254,1
32 : rem 36

610 DATA 253,96,169,20,56,229

trem 160
620 DATA 253,133,253,96,169,20

:rem 202
630 DATA 56,229,254,133,254,96

srem 211
640 DATA 32,110,28,144,7,32

1 rem 38
650 DATA 110,28,144,28,176,35

:rem 150
660 DATA 32,110,28,144,43,176

irem 145
670 DATA 50,14,128,28,46,127

:rem 102
680 DATA 28,144,8,173,128,28

irem 111
690 DATA 73,45,141,128,28,96

irem 114
700 DATA 59,172,198,253,16,4

irem 108
710 DATA 169,20,133,253,96,230

trem 197
720, DATA 253,165,253,201,21,20
8 irem 239

730 DATA 4,169,0,133,2 53,96

trem 52
740 DATA 198,254,16,4,169,20

irem 107
750 DATA 133,254,96,230,254,16
5 : rem 255

760 DATA 254,201,21,208,4,169

irem 146
770 DATA 0,133,254,96,32,194

irem 104
780 DATA 23,165,251,160,0,145

srem 148

COMPUTEIs Gazette October 1985 127

790 DATA 163,169,120,24,101,16

4 jrem 246

800 DATA 133,164,165,252,145,1

63 irein 41

810 DATA 96,169,30,133,164,165

:rera 207
820 DATA 253,24,105,1,133,163

:rera 136
630 DATA 166,254,160,0,169,22

srem 148
840 DATA 133,2,32,221,28,198

srem 97
850 DATA 2,208,249,96,24,138

Item 111
860 DATA 101,163,133,163,152,1
01 :rem 27

870 DATA 164,133,164,96

jrern 121

Program 3: Kaleidoscope—
Plus/4 And 16 Version

10 POKE56,60!CLR:FORI=0TO7:REA

DM( I ) : NEXT: DATAl ,2,4,10,25,

60,128,255
20 FORIalTOB :KliYl,CHR5( 132+1 ) :

NEXT : COLOH0 ,2,3: C0LOR4 ,2,3:

PRINT " t DLK 5 " !G0SUB450
30 REM * ML ROUTINE ADDRESSES

( SPACE ) *
40 KAL=15617iA=15651 :CH=3tX=5i

Y=6
50 SEED=KAL+128tPOKESEED,25 5*R

ND(-TI)+1 iREM • SEED RAHDOM

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In NC 919-275-9809

# GEN *
60 POKESEED+l,256*RND(l) iPOKEX
,0 iPOKEY, 0 :POKECH , 160 tGOSUB
270

70 rem * intro page *
80 print"{clrH5 down)

tl2 SPACES }t/ELCOHE TO

{2 DOWN) ":PRINT"[10 SPACES]
UCCCCCCCCCCCCI"
90 PRINT "U0 SPACES 1-KALEIUOSC

OPE-"
100 PRINT "(10 SPACES}J********

****K(4 DOV/N)"; PRINT"

[5 SPACES) HIT ANY KEY TO C

ONTINUE"
110 GOSUB290tPOKEA,25:GOTO330
120 REM * MAIN LOOP *
130 SYSKALiFORI-ITODjNEXTsGETA

S!lFAS=""THEN130
140 V=VAL(A5) :IFA?="0"TriEND=l
150 1FV>0THEND=2.4TV
160 IFA5="Q"THENEND
170 FORI=0Tl)7iIFA5=CHRS( 133 + 1)

THENPOKEA,M(I)
180 NEXTliIFA5="B"THENGOSUB250
190 IFA5-"C"THENGOSUB270
200 IFAS-.CHR5{147)THENPRI.VTCHR

5(147) tGOTO130
210 IFA?="H"THEN33a
220 IFA5=" "THENGOSUB290
230 GOTO130

240 REM * BLACK AND WHITE *
250 POKE15645,240JPOKE15647,24

l! RETURN
260 REM * COLOR *
270 POKE15645,0:POKE15647,255:

RETURN
280 REM * HIT ANY *
290 GETA5:IFAS<>""THEN290
300 GETA?:IFA?=""THEN300
310 RETURN

320 REM * StELP MESSAGE *
330 PR1NT"(CLR) (3 SPACES )T0 CO

NTROL THE DISPLAY, TYPE TH

ESE"
340 PRINT" (3 SPACES JCHARACTERS

WHILE THE KALEIDOSCOPE"
350 PRINT" {14 SPACES) IS RUNNIN

G"
360 PRINT" {2 D0WN)F1 THROUGH F

8 : CONTROL COMPLEXITY
{DOWN)"

370 PRINT" 0 THR0UGH{2 SPACES)

9 i CONTROL SPEEDtDOWN)"

380 print" [6 spaces )b

(7 spaces); black and whit
e(down)"

390 PRINT" [6 SPACESjC

(7 SPACES): 120 COLORS": PR
INT"{IX3WNH4 spaces) SPACE
(5 SPACES): FREEZE DISPLAY

) (5 SPACES )CLR
CLEAR SCREEN":

) (6 SPACES)H
HELP I"

) (6 SPACES JQ
QUIT(2 down)"

ANY KEY TO STAR

DOSCOPE";GOSUB2

5(147)

400 PRINT" {lX3iflS

{6 SPACES):

PRINT "{DOWN

(7 SPACES) :
410 PR1NT"(DCWN

{7 SPACES) 1
420 PRINT" HIT

T THE KALE I

90tPRINTCHR
430 GOTO130

440 REM * IX3AD ML ROUTINES *
450 PRINTCHR$ (1 47 )".. .LOADING

(SPACE) ML"
460 S=0:C=15617 !FORI = CTOC-f2S0:

READX : POKEI ,X : S=S+X : NEXT
470 IFS<>23347THENPRINT"ERROR

(SPACE) IN DATA STATEMENTS"

SEND
480 RETURN
490 DATA 173,35,61,133,162,32

500

DATA

510

DATA

520

DATA

530

DATA

540

DATA

550

DATA

560

DATA

570

DATA

580

DATA

590

DATA

600

DATA

610

DATA

620

DATA

630

DATA

640

DATA

650

DATA

660

DATA

670

DATA

680

DATA

690

DATA

700

DATA

710

DATA

720

DATA

730

DATA

740

DATA

750

DATA

760

DATA

7 70

DATA

780

DATA

790

DATA

800

DATA

810

DATA

820

DATA

830

DATA

840

DATA

850

DATA

860

DATA

870

DATA

880

DATA

890

DATA

52

900

DATA

36,61,32,93,61,32

36,61,32,93,61,196

162,208,240,238,0,61

173,0,61,9,240,41

241,133,4,96,25,32

46,61,32,68,61,32

46,61,96,32,175,671

32,77,61,32,175,61

32,35,61,32,175,61

32,77,61,32,175,61

96,165,5,164,6,133

6,132,5,96,169,24

56,229,5,133,5,96

169,24,56,229,6,133

6,96,32,112,61,144

7,32,112,61,144,28

176,35,32,112,61,144

43,176,50,14,130,61

46,129,61,144,8,173

130,61,73,45,141,130

61,96,11,194,198,5

16,4,169,24.133,5

96,230,5, 165,5,201

25,208,4,169,0,133

5,96,198,6,16,4

169,24,133,6,96,230

6,165,6,201,25,208

4,169,0,133,6,96

32,196,61,165,3,160

0,145,160,169,252,24

101,161,133,161,165,4

145,160,96,169,12,133

161,165,5,24,105,7

133,160,166,6,160,0

32,233,61,32,233,61

32,233,61,32,240,61

32,233,61,32,233,61

32,240,61,96,136,10

170,152,42,168,96,24

138,101,160,133,160,1

101,161,133,161,96

Atom Shoot

(See instructions for Plus/ 4 and 16
version in article on page 52.)

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTEI's GAZETTE Programs,"
which appears before the Program
Listings.

Program 1: Atom SJioot — 64
Version

10 POKE53281,0!POKE53280,0!KB=
1 98 1 POKE6 50 , 1 28 : CLR : az= 1 700
:REM 64 SPECIFIC : rem 3

20 DIMA%(15, 10},B%(15,10),M(5O
),N(50) ;DN5=" (HOME) (6 DOtVN }
" :F0HA=1T033!DN5=DN$■^"
{RIGHT) ":NEXT ; rem 199

30 NS=25:GOSUB460:FORA=lTO15iM
(A)=>A*2-H:N(A) = 2:NEXTiFORA=
16T025:M(A)=32 i rem 241

40 N(A}=(A-15)*2+l:NEXT:FORA=2
6TO40:M(A}=31-(A-26}*2:N(A)
=22:NEXT :rem 131

50 FORA=41TO50:M(A)=2!NCA)=21-
(A-41 ) "2 :NEXT: FORA=0TO3 : REA
DDX(A) ,DY(A) :NEXT : rem 156

60 F0RA=1T07:READMR(A) jNEXTsDA
TA -1,0,1,0,0,-1,0,1,27,78,
27,78,177,57,147 t rem 199

70 FORA=1T04:READMS(A) :NEXTiOA

12a COMPUTEI's Gaielle October 1985

TAll 0,109, 110, 109 taOSUB420
1 rem 85
80 FORS=1TONS!S5=CHR5(64+S) :PR
INTDN5"nH0FF} WHAT
[2 SPACES) (2 DOWN) [6 LEFT}N
OW7{2 SPACES)":GOSUB590

irem 248

90 GETAS:0N-(AS="G")-2*(AS="S"

)-3*(AS="Q" )GOTO100,270,330

:GOTO90 i rem 130

100 PRINT" (HOME) fa RIGHT) {GRN}

"; !F0RA=65TO79:PRINTCHRS{A

)" ■■; :NEXT:POKEKB,0

! rem 230

110 PRINTDN5"i7l Vi"HICH(2 DOViN )

[5 LEFT] COLUMN" i rem 39

120 GETA$ ! I FA? < " A "ORA? > "0 "THEN

120 trem 9&

130 Xl=ASC(AS)-64sGOSUB550

I rem 211
140 PRINT" (home) (3 DOV™}[GRN)"
; !FOitA=0TO9:PRIWTRIGHT5(ST
RS(A),1};"{2 DOWN)[LEPD";
:NEXT!POKEKB,0 : rem 186

150 PRINTDN5"E7| WHICH (2 DOW }
JS LEFT) ROW (2 SPACES)"

! rem 65

160 GETA$«IFAS<"0"'ORA?>"9"THEN

160 :rera 65

170 PRINT" (HOME) {3 DOWN}";iFOR

A=1TO20:PRINT" (DOWN)

(LEFT)"; :NEXT:Yl=VAL(A5)-t-l

:W5="t" srem 182

180 PRINT" (HOME) (3 SPACES)"; :F

ORA=lT04!PRINTCHR5(MS(A) )"

"r :NEXT(Z=4iTl=XliT2=Yl:G

OSUB490 trem 10

190 X1=T1 :Yl=T2;GOSUB560!lFB%{

X1,Y1)<>0ANDMR(X)="A%(X1,Y1

)THENS=S-1 iNEXT ! rem 98

200 B=54-S*2:IFAS(X1,Y1)=MR(X)

THEMBi (XI ,Y1 )=1 :GOTO230

;rem 54
210 Xl=Xl*2+liYl=Yl*2+l:PRINT"
iSI"; :NS = "E + i" !GOSUB410

srem 224
220 PRINTDN9"E73 MISSED

[2 DOWN) (6 LEFT)-"B/2"
(LEFT) "? :SC=SC-B/2!GOT026
0 srem 180

230 SC=SC+B:GOSUB570:X1=X1*2+1
•YlsYl* 2+1: PRINT "§83"; jGOS
UB410 srem 117

240 PRINTDN$"|7i"B"[LEFT) PTS

(SPACE) (2 DOWN) [6 LEFT)
250 IFG='25THENSC=SC+200-S*5 :PR
INT" (HOME) (RVS)"SPC(15)"Y0
U SOLVED ITt "!GOSUBS90:GOT

0360 ! rem 66

260 FORTD=1TOZZ:NEXT:S=S-1:NEX
T ! rem 73

270 Z=50:WS=s5!GOSUB490:rem 65

280 NS=SS:M-INT((M(X)-l)/2)-(M
(X) = 2} jN<«INT(N(X)/2) + (N(X)
=22) irem 22

290 GOSUB390:GOSUB400iXl=M!Yl=
N:GOSUB390 :rem 247

300 ND=3*4TD:IFA%(X1,Y1)<>0THE
ND-{ (AI(X1,Y1)ANDND)/(4Td)
) : rem 1

310 X1=X1+DX(D) :Y1=Y1+DY(D) :IF
(X1>0)AND(X1<16)AND(Y1>0)A
ND(Y1<11)THEN300 ;rem 178

320 M=X1+DX(D) iN-Yl+DY(D) iPRIN
T"(RED)"; SGOSUB400: PRINT"
(YEL)"; :NEXT srem 189

330 PRINT"E7i":FORX=lT015:FORY
=1TOI0!X1=X:Y1=Y : rem 143

340 IFA1(X1,Y1) <>0ANDB%(X1,Y1)
=0THENGOSUB570:X1=X1*2+1 sY
I=Yl*2+liGOSUB410 srem 27

3S0 NEXTY,X I rem 180

360 PRINTDNS" PLAY (2 DOWN)
(S LEFT ) AGAIN? "tPOKEKB,0

irem 122

370 GETA?:ON-(A5="Y"}-2*(A?="N
")GOTO10,380sGOTO370

srem 239

380 POKE2025,0 ! PRINT" (CLR)"i EN
D srem 158

390 D--({X<'=50)RND(X>"41))-2*(
(X>25>AND(X<41))-3*((X>=1)
AND(X<=»15) ) sRETURNirem 104

400 X1=M*2-2*DX(D}+1 :Yl=N«2-2*
DY(D)+lsGOSUB410: RETURN

s rem 68

410 PRINT" (home) "; !F0RA=1T0Y1:
PRINT "(DOWN)" ! iNEXTi PRINTS
PC(Xl)N5i iRETURN srem 207

420 NH=25sFORA"lTONMiB='MR(INT(
RND(1)*4)+1) irem 232

430 C=INT!RND(1)*15)+1eD-INT(R
ND( 1)»10}+1 srem 233

440 IFA%(C,5) O0THEN430 srem 1

450 A%(C,D)=BiNEXTeRETURN

srem 21

460 PRINT"(CLR)i83":FORA=lTO10
sPRINTiPRINTsPRINT"
(2 RIGHT}"; iFORB^lTOlSsPRI
NT" (RVS) (OFF)"; i rem 6 3

470 NEXTB.A srem 137

480 PRINT DNS" (GRN) (6 DOWN)
(RIGHT) (RVS)G(OFF}UESS
(2 DOWN) (5 LEFT) ( RVS )S
i0FF)H00T(2 DOWN) (5 LEFT)

{rvs)o(off)uit(2 down)

(4 LEFTji7|sC0RE"i RETURN

srem 51

490 PRIMT"(YEL)"iX-l srem 12

500 X1=M(X) iYl=NtX) iN?=WS:GOSU

B410 srem 252

510 GETAS:ON-{AS=", ")-2*!AS=" .

" ) - 3 * ( A5=CHR? (13)) GOTO520 ,

530,550:GOTO510 srem 198

520 X"X-1-Z*(X=1) !GOTO540

:rem 182
530 X=X+1+Z*(X-Z> srem 208

540 N5=" "sGOSUB410!GOTO500

:rem 227
550 N?"" "!GOSUB410:RETURN

srem 246
560 PRINT" (HOME)"; !FORA=1TO40;
PRINT" "; sNEXTs RETURN

srem 106

570 F0RA=lT04sIFMR(A)»A«(Xl,Yl

)THENP«.A irera 51

580 NEXT!NS-.CHR$tMS(P)) ! RETURN

srem 114

590 POKEKB,0iXl=34tYl=20!N$-""

:QOSUB410!PRINTSC"(LEFT) "

sRETURN irem 84

Program 2: Atom Shoot— VIC
Version

lohn Kmuse, /Assistant Technical
Editor

10 A=RND(-TI) sPOKE0,99sPOKE371
54,127 srem 72

20 POKE36879,8:POKE36878,15!DI
MA%{9,9) :Z=128 srem 230

30 R=4:C=4sRl»4sCl=4!G=.87iH=Gs
E=77Z3sF=3a445 srem 217

40 F0RA=lTO5 srem 210

50 B=INT(RND<l)*8) + liO=INT(!?ND
(1)*8)+1 srem 106

60 IFA%(B,O)THEH50 srem 253

70 A*(B,0)=1bNEXTsPRINT"{CLR)D
EAMSs"V"{S SPACES) LOW: "PEEK
(13) srem 110

80 PRINT "(home) (down) (BLU)U*

Br|***************^r|*i

5 rem 20

90 PRINT"-{GRN}Z(BLU)-"TAB(18)

"-{GRNTz{BLUT- srem 143

100 PRINT "lQi*+********* ******

+*BW3 J rem 20

110 F0RA=lT08iPRINT"-{RIGHTj^f
W W W W H W W^J RIGHT) -

"■ ~ 1 r em 9 2

120 PRINT"- -"TAB (18) "-(RIGHT)
-"iNEXT " >rem 67

130 •pRIMT"(UPlgQ3*+***********
*««* + *ivJ3 srem 168

140 PRINT''- (GRN )Z(BLU} -"TAB (IB
)"-(GRN]a{BLU)- :rem 187

150 PRTHT"J*TEii******* ********
iEl_VK srem 252

160 IFLTHEN660 srem 61

170 PRINT" (PUR) (HVS) (OFF)

(BLU) HIT (2 SPACES) [RED}
(RVS) (OFF)(BLU} MISS
(2 SPACES} (YEL) (RVS) (OFF)
(BLU) REFL(HOME) srero 67

180 P=PEEK(37152)AND128:IFP=0T
HEtJC = C+l srem 224

190 P=PEEK(37151) srem 158

200 IF(PAND8) = 0THENR='R+1

srem 166

210 IF{PAND16)=0THENC=C-1

srem 166

220 IF(PAND4)=0THENRsR-l

srem 166
230 IFR<0THENR=0 srem 208
240 IFR>9THENR=9 srem 229
250 IFC<0THENC=0 srem 160
260 IFC>9THENC=9 srem 201
270 D=E+44*R+C+C irem 74
280 P0KEE+44*R1+C1+C1,G!P0KEF+

44*R1+C1+C1,H irem 160
290 Rl = RsCl = C:G"PEEK(D) sil=PEEK

{F+44*R+c+c) sretn 185
300 POKEE+44*R+C+C,43 3POKEF+44

*R+C+C,5 srem 128

310 IF(PAND32)THEN180 srem 19G
320 IFG=32THEN470 irem 215
330 IFG=61THEN78fl srem 224
340 IFGO87THEN180 irem 30
350 G-81iH"1bA=240sGOSUBB10

trem 2 2
360 I=H-l5lFA%(R,C)THENL=L+l

srem 101
370 POKED, 81 :POKED+30720,1

srem 211
380 IFK5THEN180 irem 172
390 IFL<5THEN660 srem 179
400 PRINT" (21 DOWN} (5 SPACES )Y

OU GOT ITl(5 SPACES} (UP}"
srem 0
410 FORA=-1TO10 irem 47

420 FORB=2 50TO2 40STEP-liPOKE3G

876,BsNEXT srem 196
430 FORB=240TO250iPOKE36876,B:

NEXT ! rem 43

440 NEXTsPOKE36Q76,0 s rem 170
450 IFPEEK(0)>VTHENPOKE0,V

irera 114
460 GOTO7S0 irem 111

470 A=225iGOSUB810 irem 5
480 P=RiQ=CsDR=0sDC=0sT=0!TIS=

"000000" !V=V+ll PRINT"

(HOME) (6 RIGHT}"V srem 41
490 IFR=0THENDR=1 srem 30
500 IFR=»9THENDR=-1 irem 7G
510 IFC'-OTHENDC^l irem 249
520 IFC=9THEKDC-'-l srem 48
530 GOTOS60 srem 108

540 IFP>0ANDP<9ANDQ>0ANDQ<9THE

N560 srem 115

550 Z=a+1 sG=Z3H=2iGOSUB640sU=4

4* P+Q+Q s POKEE+U , G : POKEF+U ,

nsGOTO2 80 irem 59

560 RR=P+DRsCC=Q+DC srem 141
570 IFA%(RR,CC) = lTHENGal60iH=i4

iGOSUB640iGOTO280 srem 68

COMPUTEt's Qazetts October 1985 129

580 I FDRTHKNN= 1 i M=«0 i GOTO60 0

irem 170
590 M»1:N=0 irem 78

600 S=0:IFA*(RR+M,CC+N)=1THEND

K=-M:DC=-N:S=1 : rem 123
610 IFAI(RR-M,CC-N)=lTHENDR=Mi

DC«N!S=S+1 :rein 170

620 IFS=2OR(SANDT=0)THENG=160i

B"! rGOSUB640 :GOTO280

J rem 99
630 P=»P+DRiQ=Q+DC!T=l!GOTO540

: rem 10
640 IFTK60THEK640 : rem 49
650 RETURN : rem 123

660 PRINT" [21 D0WNlt4 SPACES] Y

OU MISSED IT{4 SPACESHuPj

! rem 194

670 FORA=1TO20 : rem 56

680 FORB=220-ATO160-ASTEP-aiPO

KE36876,B:rjEXT j rem 173
690 FORB=160-ATO220-ASTEPa:POK

E36876,S:KEXT : rem 129
700 NEXT:POKE36876,0 : rem 169
710 FORR=1T08;FORC=1T08

jrem 199
720 C"a7!H=6iIFA%{R,CjTHENG=ai

!H=1 sreni 206

730 POKEE+44*R+C+C,GiPOKEF+44*

R+C+c,H :reiii 122

740 NEXTjNEXT :rem 83

750 PRINT" {3 SPACESlHIT FIRE B

UTTON[UPj" irem 229
760 IF(PEEK(37151)AND3 2)THEN7 6

0 irera 246

770 RUN20 :rem 245

780 G=87iH=6iA=235:GOSUB810

;rem 44
790 1=1-1 sIFA%(R,C)THENL=L-l

:rein 112
800 GOTO180 irem 106

810 POKE36876,A:FORA=0TO99!NEX

T!POKE36876,0: RETURN

ireni 141

The Farm Game

(Article on page 44.)

BEFORE TYPING . . ■

Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTE! 's GAZEHE Programs,"
which appears before the Program
Listings.

Program 1: The Farm Came— 64
Version

10 BO=7iBG=9iCH=liGOSUB3100iPO
KE53272,23 irem 77

20 CLRlGOSUa3110:FG=0!PRINT"
(4 DOWNlHOW LONG WILL YOU M
ANAGE YOUR FARM"; irem 113

30 INPUTQQSiQQ=VAL(QQ$) iIFQQ=0
THENGOSUB2930 irem 33

40 IFFGO0THEN20 : rem 187

50 FORZZ="lTOOQ:GOSUB2110iGOSUB
2150 :IFZZ=1THENGOSUB2190

irem 2 5

60 B0=7tBG-6iCH-l :GOSUB3100

srem 82

70 PRINT" {CLR) tRVS} YEARttOFF)
",-ZZ:PRINT"iRVS) PLAHTING S
EASON SELECTION: ToFF }

:rem 92

80 PRINTTAB(5)"t2 D0WN}F1 KEY.
..MARKET NEWS srem 1

90 PRrNTTAB(5)"F3 KEY. ..YOUR F

INANCIAL STATUS t rem 153

100 PRINTTAB(5)"F5 KEY... PLANT
ING irem 104

110 PRINTTAB(5}"F7 KEY .. .SELL
£SPACE)CROPS ON FUTURES

irem 144

120 PRINTTAB(8)"{2 DOWNlWHAT I
S YOUR SELECTION? i rem 72

130 GOSUB2950 : rem 228

140 IFASC(AS)<1330RASC{A$)>136
THEN130 irem 77

150 AA=ASC{A5)-132 lONAAGOSUBll
50,1370,1520,1890 : rem 46

160 IFAA=3THEN180 t rem 2 24

170 GOTO60 irem 55

180 BO=7!BG=7 tCH-6iGOSUB3100

irem 139

190 PRINT"£CLR3 {7 D0WN3"tPRINT
TAB (10) "YOUR CROPS ARE GRO
WING. I rem 96

200 F)C=0iFORJ=lTO3iFX=FX+(TS( J
)*INT( {BP{J)*FP( J) )*100+.5
)/100) iNEXT :rem 126

210 FX-INT(FX*100+.5)/100iSB=0

irem 141

220 FORJ=ilT03iSB=SRtJ) + SBiNEXT

irem 142

230 FORJ»lT03tSR(J) = SR( J)-TS{ J
) tNEXT irem 233

240 GOSUB2200!GOSUB2360!rem 95

250 GT=0iFORJ=lTO3;GT=«GT+(TY(J
)*INT(YP{J)*100+.5)/100) :N
EXT trem 23 5

260 PT=0!FORJ='lTO3iPT=tFU( J)*T
A (J) )+PTlNEXTiPT=INT(PT*GA
*100+.5)/100 srem 82

270 BO-2tDGa2iCHaliGOSUB3100

irem 124

280 PRINT"{CLR)"iPRINTTAB(5)"
(RVSl{3 SPACES}aARVEST TIM
E ON THE FARM? 3 SPACES)
iOFF) irem B8

290 GOSUB3020iPRINT"{RVS)CRDP
(OFF) {5 SPACES) [RVSjSELLIN
G PRICE{0FF){4 SPACES)
[RVS]YIELD{OFF) irem 97

300 FORJ=.lT03:RR=-TA{ J) iIFRR=0T
HENRR=1 irem 110

310 TM=yP( J) !GOSUB3030tYP$'«TM5
iYP(J)=VAL{TM5) irem 243

320 TM-Ty(J) :GOSUB3030iTY$=TMS
iTY(J)=VAL(TO5) trem 0

330 PRINTN5(J),-TAB(13)YPS;TAB(
33-LEN(TY5) >INT(TY(J) ) iNEX
T irem ia4

340 PRINT" (DOlffll^T IS NOW TIME
TO PAY YOUR BILLS AND TO
[SPACE)SELL YOUR CROPS. "iG
npnn-1010 trem 207

350 PRI NT "CURRENT BANK BALANCE
"; iTM=BA;GOSUB3030iBAS=TM5
iBA=-VAL(TM5) irem 58

360 PRINTTAB(33-LEH(BA?) )BA5

I rem 95

370 PRINT"FUTURES CROP CHECK";
:TM-FXiGOSUB30l0iFX'^=TM5 iP
RINTTAB(33~LEN(FXS) )FX$

irem 60

360 PRINT"TOTAL YIELD" ; iTM=GT!
GOSUB3030 ;GT9=TM5 :GT=VAL(T
M$) trem 219

390 PRINTTAB(33-LEN(GTS))GT5

1 rem 146

400 PRI NT "LOAN PAYMENT DUE"rtT
rt" INT (TlO/ 37* 1 00-^ ' 57/ 1 00 tG
OSUB3030 irera 113

410 PRINTTAB(3 3-LEN(TM5))TM?!L

P=INT{VAL(TM5)*100+.5)/100

trem 232

420 PRINT"HARVESTING COSTS"; iT
H=HV tGOSUB3030 J HV'?=TM5 iPRI
NTTAB ( 33-LEN ( HV? ) ) HVS

trem 147

430 HV>-INT(VAL(TMS}*100+.5}/10
0 irem 176

440 PRINT"COST FOR 200 ACRES";
iTM=INT(CE*100+.5)/T00*200
tGOSUB3 03 0:CES»'INS:rem 205

450 PRINTTAB(33-LEN(CES) )CE5

trem 105

460 PRINT"FUEL EXPENSE" ; :TM=PT
jGOSUB3030tPT$=>TM5iPT=INT{
VAL(TM$}*100+.5)/100

trem 131

470 PRINTTAB(33-LEN(PT5))PT?

trem 163

480 PRINT"OVERHEAD EXPENSE"? iT
M=OV tGOSUB3030 i OV5=TM5 iPRI
NTTAB(33-LEN(OV$) ) 0V$

irem 148

490 OV-INT(VAL(TM$)*100+.5)/10
0 trem 189

500 PRINT"CROP STORAGE FEES'-;t
TM=(12*SB*0.015) IGOSUB3030
iSB?=TM? irem 171

510 SB=INT(VAL{TMS)*100+.5 J/10
0 :rem 166

520 PRINTTAB(33-LEN(SBS))SB5 iG
OSUB3010 irera 255

530 PRINT" ERVS)T0TAL ASSETS-

{OFF)"; iTM=BA+FX+GTiG0SUB3
030iAA?=m5 trem 104

540 PR1NTTAB(33-LEN(AA5))AAS

t rem 93

550 PRINT" {RVS)T0TAL DEBIT S=
{OFF}"; irem 198

560 TW=LP+HV+OV+PT+SB+(CE*200)
iGOSUB3030iDT?='TMSiUT=VAL(
TM5) irem 125

570 PRINTTAB(3 3-LEN(DT5))DTSiG
OSUB2940 irem 21

580 FORJ=lTO3iIFTy(J)=0THEN7 30

trem 89

590 PRINT "{CLR) HOW MANY BUSHEL
S OF "rK?(J7;" DO YOU WISH
"iPRINT"TO SELL? irem 221

600 print"you have a maximum O

F ";TYTJ) :" TO SELL.

irem 221
610 FG"0iX5-""iINPUTX5iIFX5-""

THEN590 trem 161

620 X=VAL<X5) trem 221

630 IFX>Ty(J)THENPRINT"YOU DON

'T HAVE " ;X; "BUSHELS I" iGOS

UB3000 IGOTO590 irem 218

640 PRINTX; "BUSHELS OF "jNS(J}

;" WOULD SELL "t PRI NT "FOR 5

" ; : TM=X*YP( J) :GOSUB3030

irem 218
650 PRINTTM$iGOSUB3020irera 108
660 PRINT"rS ";X; "BUSHELS OF "

;N5( J) ;" OKAY? trem 94

670 PRINT"PRESS [RVS)fH0FF) T

O CHANGE, {RVS3F3{0FF} TO

[ SPACE )SELL irem 217

680 GOSUB2950 trem 238

690 IFA5~CHRS(13 3)THEN590

irem 134
700 1FA$<>CHR$(134)THEH680

trem 188
710 BA=iBA+{ INTtX*YP( J)*100+.5)

/100) irem 98

720 SRt J)=INT(TY( J)-X+SR( J) )

irem 138
730 NEXT irera 217

740 BA-INT( CBA+FX)*I00+.5)/100

t rem 6 1
750 IFLC*«0THENa50 irem 255

760 PRINT" t CLR) HOW MUCH OF YOU

R LOAN DO YOU irem 24

770 PRINT "WISH TO PAY OFF?

(2 SPACES JMINIMUM PAYMENT
trem 233
780 PRINT "IS ?"; iTM=INT((L0/3)

*100+,S)/100tGOSUB3030tPRI

NTTM? irem 34

130 COMPUTEfs Gazatta Cctober 1985

790 PRINT"! DOWN lYOO OWE A TOTA

L OF 5"; :LO.INT(LO*100+.5)

/100:PR1NTLO : rem 247

800 FG=0iINPUTA : rem 157

810 IFA<TMTHENGOTO760 : rem 75

820 IFA>LOTHENA=LO i rem 139

830 BA=1NT( (BA-R)*100+ .S)/100:

LO-(LO-A)*1 .12::LO=INT(L0*

100+.5)/100 ;rem 102

B40 IFLO<0THENLO-0 : rem 1M5

850 BA=«BA-INT(CE*200*100+.5)/l

00 : rem 150

860 BA=BA-ItIT(OV*100+-5 J/100

: rem 2 48
670 BA=BA-INT(HV*100+.5)/100

:rem 24 2
880 QA-BA-INT(PT*100+.5)/100

:reni 249
890 BA=BA-INT(SB*100+.5)/100

:rem 235

900 IFBA<0THENGOSUB2620

:rem 144
910 F0RJ-lT03iTY( J}=0:NEXT

:rein 119
920 F0RJ-lT03iTS( J)-0sNEXT:NEX
T :rem 235

930 PRIOT"(CLR)"iPRINTTAB{ 5)"
tRVS)(4 SPACES) END OF GAME
tally! 3 SPACESTtOFFl
~ sreifl 118

940 PRINT" (2 EOWN}CURRENT BANK
BALANCE = $"; !TM=BA:GOSUB
3 030:PRINTTM5 !BA=VAL(TM5)
I rem 107
950 GOSUB3010 irem 226

960 PRINT "CROPS IN STORAGE:

" " jrem 187

970 PRINT" (DOWN) (RVSJ CROP

{OFF} JRVS) BUSHELS IN STO

RAGE (off} srem 3 0

980 XX=0 jrem 190

990 FORJ'^lTOailFSRt J)<0THENSR(

J)=0 srem 104

1000 PRINTN$( J) ! tTM=SR( J) :GOSU

B3030 irem 110

1010 PRINTTAB(22-LEN(TM$))rINT

(SR( J) ) !XX=XX+SR{ J)*YP{ J)

tNEXT srem 221

1020 PRINT "(DOWN) STORED CROP C

ASH VALUEi"; :TM=XX:GOSUB3

030 :rem 131

1030 PRlNTTAB(3 5-LEN(TM5))r"5"

TM$ iXX=VRL(TMS) :BA=BA+XX

:reni 227

1040 PRINT"AMOUNT OVffiD TO BANK

:"; !TM=LO:GOSUB303O tPRINT

TAB(3S-LEN(TM5}) ;"S"TM$

: rem 22 5
1050 LOVAL(TM5) :BA=BA-INT(LO*
100+.5)/100 Jrem 33

1060 IFBA>=20000THEN22=1

srem 151

1070 IFBA<20000THENZZ='2irera 90
1080 PRINT "GRAND TOTAL IN BANK

t"; :TM=BAlGOSUB3030!BA=VA

L(TMS) :rem 64

1090 PRINTTRB(3B-LEN(TM5)) ;"5"

TM5 :PRINT : rem 56

1100 ON22GOSUB2780,2820:rem 92
1110 PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO T

RY AGAIN? :rem 224'

1120 GOSUB2950tIFAS-"Y"THEN10

trem 172
1130 IFA?<>"N"THEN1120irem 184
1140 END srem 157

1150 PRINT"{CLR)"!B0-1sBG=1 iCH
=0sGOSUB3100 :rem 69

1160 PRINTTAB(8)"tRVS)

(e SPACES] MEWS RELEASE
(S SPACES )'°TG0SUB3 020

irera 72
1170 IRS=STR5(INT((IR~1)*100) )

: rem 116

1180 PRINT "YEARLY INFLATION RA

TE: ";fAB(331IRS;"%:rera 5

1190 TM=GA:GOSUB303 0:GA5=TM5 :G

A=VAL(TM5) srem 14 5

1200 PRINT "FUEL COST (PER GALL

ON) :"7TABt33-P)"5"GA5

! rem 2

1210 TM=HSiGOSUB3030iHSS-TH?:H

S''VAL(TMS} srem 195

1220 PRINT "HERBICIDE COST PER

( SPACeTuNITi " ; TAB( 33-P ) " 5

"HS5 : rem 156

1230 TM=IS:GOSUB3030:ISS=TM5iI

S=VAHTM5) «rero 200

1240 PRINT "INSECTICIDE COST PE

R UNITr'rTAB(33-P)"5"IS5

! rem 58

1250 TM=OV!GOSUD3030tOV5=TMS:O

V=VAL(TM$) irem 229

1260 PRINT"OVERHEAD COSTS:"!TA
E( 33-p7"S"OV? :rem 165

1270 TM=CE!GOSUB3030!CE$=TM5

irem 152
1280 PRIKT"COST PER ACRE:";TAB
(33-P)"^S"CE$!GOSUB3010

I rem 105
1290 PRINTTAB(13)"{RVS)

{2 SPACESlSEED PRICES

srem 128

1300 PRINT "(down) GRAIN SEED CO

ST PER BUSHEL : rem 121

1310 F0RJ=1T03:PRINTN5(J) ;"i ";

jTM^BSCJ) :GOSUB3030:BS< J)

-'VAL(TM$> irem 106

1320 PRINTTAB(33-P)"5"TM5!NEXT

sPRINTiGOSUB3010 irem 73

1330 P!UNTTAB(10)" fRVS) FUTURE

S MARKET PRICE "iPRTnT

trem 223

1340 F0RJ=1T03:PRINTNS( J) ;":" r

!TM=BP( J)*FP(J) :GOSUB303 0

trem 37

1350 PRINTTABf 33-P >" 5 "TM$ tNEXT

tPRINT irem 206

1360 GOSUB2940t RETURN irem 51

1370 BO=2tBG-0!CH=l 1GOSUB3100

I rem 17 2
1380 PRINT"{CLRK2 SPACES)

{RVS)[2 spaces)your FIKAN
CIAL STATUS (2 SPACEST"iGO
SUB3010 trem 248

1390 TM=BA!GOSUB3030tBA=VAL(TM
5) trem 161

1400 PRINT"SAVINaS ACCOUNT BAL
ANCEt";TAB(25-P)"S"BA

I rem 144

1410 TM=ljOtGOSUB3030!LO=VAL(TM

?) irem 202

1420 PR1NT"Y0U OWE THE BANK t " ;

trem 114
1430 IFLO=0THENPRINTTAB(2a)" —

":GOTO1450 srem 60

1440 PRINTTAB(25-P)"S"TM5

trem 143

1450 PRINT" {DOWN) "1GOSUB301O I P

RINT"[7 SPACES) {RVS) CROP

S PRESENTLY IN STORAGE "i

PRINTiX=0 trem 134

1460 PRINTTAB(9) "CROP" fTAB(20)

"BUSHELS srem 46

1470 FORJ=lTO3iIFSR(J)<1.0THEN

SR(J)=0 srem 241

1480 PRINTTAB(8)NS( J) ;TAB(22)S

R{J) iX»X+SR( J) iNEXT

irem 217

1490 PRINT" {2 DO;-m) GRAIN STORA

GE FEEt $"; iT(JSlNT(X'''.015

) :GOSUB303a irem 74

1500 PRINTTM5" PER MONTH.

{2 DOWN) treiti 247

1510 GOSUB2340IRETURN srem 48
1520 BO=5:BG=5 sCH=l !GOSUB3100

srem 177

1530 PRINT"{CLR)";TAB(5>"(RVS)
[2 SPACES J PLANTING TIME O
N THE FARMT2 SPACEST

srem 41

1540 PRINT" {DOWN) YOU HAVE 200
[SPACE) ACRES TO PLANT, DIV
IDED INTO"; trem 9

1550 PRINT "5 FIELDS OF 40 ACRE
S EACH. srem 12

1560 PRINT"£dOWN)FIELDS 1-3 AR
E AVERAGE OR SLIGHTLY ABO
VEAVERAGE YIELDERS.

: rem 47

1570 PRINT" J DOWN )FIELDS 4 AND
{SPACE) 5 ARE SLIGHTLY LES
S THAN{3 SPACES JAVERAGE P
RODUCERS. srem 138

1580 GOSUB3010 trem 10

1590 PRINTTAB( 34) "CROP srem 193
1600 tX)RJ=lT05EPRINT"CR0P TO B
E PLANTED IN FIELD [RVS)"
;j trem 193

1610 PRINT"[RVS)1=WHEAT(0FF)
[3 SPACES}{RVS)2=CORN
[OFF J [2 SPACES] [RVS )3-S0Y
BEANS [off) srem 63

1620 GOSUB2950 srem 25

1630 IFASC(A5}<490RASC(A5)>51T
HENGOSU B2980 tGOTOlG 20

1 rem 31
1640 FL(J}=VAL(A5) SPRINT"

[2 UP)";TAB(33)FL(J) sNEXT

irem 106

1650 PRINT" (CLR) ALL YOUR FIELD

S ARE READY FOR PLANTING,

trem 44

1660 PRINT"THE TOTALS AREt"tFO

RJ=1T03 :X=.0 :FORJJ=1TOS

srem 145
1670 IFFL[JJ)=JTHENX=X+40

t rem 6
1680 NEXT:TA( J)=XiPRINTX;" ACR
ES OF ";N5(J)r" PLANTED."
sNEXT irem 36

1690 TM=0sFORJ=lTO3iTM=Tt1+(TA(
J}*BS( J)*BB{ J)) !NEXTtTM=I
NT( (TM+. 005)* 100)/ 100

srem 189

1700 PRINT "{DOl'MJSEED COSTS: "

; tGOSUB3030 : TM=VAL( TM? ) s P

RI NTTAB ( 30- LEN ( TM5 ) )"S"TM

5 srem 254

1710 BH=BA SPRINT "(DOWN) BANK BA

LANCEs 5",- sBA=BA-TM:TM=BA

tGOSUB3030 srem 48

1720 PRINTTAB(30-LEN(TM?) )"S"T

MS srem 49

1730 PRI NT " [ DOWN )_I S THIS OKAY?

(Y/N) srem 121

1740 GOSUB2950sIFA$="N"THENBA=

BHsGOTO1530 : rem 206

1750 IFAS<>"Y"THEN1740:rera 211

17 60 PRINT" [UP) HOW MANY UNITS

[space} PER ACRE OF INSECT

ICIDE[2 SPACES) DO YOU WIS

H TO APPLY? trem 50

1770 XS=""iINPUTX? :IFXS=""THEN

1760 trem 213

17 80 IFASC(X5)<480RASC(X5)>S7T

HENGOSUB2930 :GOTO1760

trem 88
1790 X=VAL(XS) srem 22

1800 BA=BA-(X*200*IS) sIN=( (SQR
(X)-S)/5)+l srem 213

1810 PRINT"HOW MANY UNITS PER
[SPACETaCRE of HERBICIDE
(SPACE) DO YOU WISH TO APP
LY7" srem 26

1820 X5=""sINPUTX5sIFX$=""THEN
1810 srem 205

1830 IFASC(X5) <480RAgC(XS) >57T
HENGOSUB29 30 :GOTO1810

I rem 80

COMPUrsrs Gazette October 1985 131

1840 X=VAL(XS) :rem 18

18 50 BA=BA-(X*200*HS) !HF;=( ( (SQ
R(X>-4.4)/5)+l) irem 129

1860 PRINT"(DOWN}PRESENT BANK
[ SPACK JbALANCE : ? " ; iTM = DA
:GOSUB3030 sPRINTTM? tGOSUB
3000 :reiT> 17

1870 IFDA<0THEN2620 irem 71

1880 RETURN : rem 17 7

1890 PRINT" ( CLR) (RVS)

(3 SPACES jGRAIfJ FUTURES M
ARKET SALESO SPACES)

: rem 1

1900 PRINT" {2 DOWN] YOU HAVE TH
E FOLIX)WING AMOUNTS OF

:rem 138

1910 PRINT"GRAIN PRESENTLY IN
(SPACE 3 STORAGE: ": PRINT

t rem 12B

1920 F0RJ=lTO3!lFSR( J)<0THENSR
(J)=0 irem 146

1930 PRINTN5(J),IHT(SR( J)) ;"BU
SHELS" : NEXT: G0SUB3 010

: rem 155

1940 PR! NT "GRAIN MARKET FUTURE
S PRICES srem 1G6

1950 FORJ=-lT03tPRINTN5( J),"S";
:TH=BP( J)*FPt J) :GOSUB3030
iPRINTTMS :NEXT srem 12

1960 PRINT "WHICH GRAIN WOULD Y
OU LIKE TO SELL? trem 16 2

1970 PRINT" (RVS1f1{ OFF) WHEAT
{2 SPACES} [RVS}F3 {OFF} =C0
RN{2 SPACES} (RVS)F5{0FFT=
SOYBEANS {2 SPACES }( RVS}F7
ToFF)='NONE :rem 238

1980 GOSUB2950!lFASC{A?)<133OR
AEC<AS > >136TKENI9a0

:rerii 82

1990 J=ASC(A5)-132 : !IFJ=4THENR
ETURN srem 119

2000 IFSR( J)=0THENPRINT"YOU DO
N'T HAVE ANY ";N${jy;"l":
GOTO1960 I rem 14

2010 PRINT "HOW MANY BUSHELS OF
";N$(J) ?" DO YOU : rem 23

2020 PRINT"WANT TO SELL (UP TO
";SR( J) ;" BUSHELS)?

! rem 104

2030 IHPUTK :rem 160

2040 IFK>SR( J)THENPRim'"YOU DO
N'T HAVE THAT MUCH GRAIN I
"1GOTO2010 :rem 65

2050 SR(J)=SR( J)-K:IFSR( J)<0TH
ENSRCJj-e irem 77

2060 TS(J)=K I rem 146

2070 PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO S
ELL MORE GRAIN? : rem 91

2080 GOSUB2960!lFA?="Y"THENia9
0 : rem 3 6

2090 IFA5<>"N"THEK2080:rem 196

2100 RETURN :rem 163

2110 X=»INT( (RND( . )*7+l) )/100

:rem 198

2120 IFX> ■05THEN2140 : rem US

2130 IR=1+XjGOTO2150 j rem 141

2140 IR-«1 irem 208

215 0 F0RJ=-1T03!DS(J) = INT(BS( J)
*IR*100)/100:NEXT s rem 9

2160 GA=INT{GA*IR*100+.5)/100:
IS=IS*(IR+.01) :HS=HS*IRiO
V=OV* ( IR+ .01) !HV=HV*IR

trem 26

2170 CE-INT(CE*(IR+.01)*100+.5
)/100 :rera 44

2180 FORJ=.lT03iBP(J) = aP( J)*(IR
-.01) jNEXT: RETURN: rem 118

2190 FORJ=lT03:FP( J)=l .05:NEXT
:RETURK : rem 64

2200 X=RND(, )*(0.99-.01)+.01

:rem 12 5

2210 IFX<.45THENXX=1,0+X!GOTO2
250 :rem 233

2220

2230

2240
2250

2260

2270

2280

2290
2300
2310

2320

2330

2340

2350

2360

2370

2 380
2390

2400

2410
2420

2430

2440
2450
2460

2470

2480
2 490

2500

2510

2520
2530
2540

2550
2560
2570
2580

2590

2600

2610
2620

2630
2640

2650

2660

IFX> .80THENXX=X :GOTO2250

: rem 49
IFX> .45ANDX<.5THENXX=1 .03
!GOTO2250 :rem 103

XX=1.0 ;rem 68

X=RND( . >*{-99-.01)+.01

1 rem 82
I FX < . 1 TKENXX=XX+ 1+X SG0T02
300 :rem 47

IFX> .75THENXX=XX+X!GOT023
00 :rem 17

IFX> .4ANDX< .5THENXX=XX+1 .
02:GOTO2300 : rem 13

XX-XX+1 :rem 198

XX=XX/2 trem 195

IFX< .2THENIN=IN/2 : HE=.HE/2
> rem 54
SF»INlIFIN*l .lTHENSF-1 .1

1 rem 247
HP=HE<IFHF>1 .1THENHF=1 . 1

:rera 207
FORJ=1T03 JTY( J )=0 ! NEXT

! rem 166
FORJ=lT05iK=FL(J) :TY(K)=I
NT(40*FF(J)*BY(K)*XX*HF*S
F+TY{ K ) } : NEXT : RETU RN

: rem 158
FORJ«1T03 IGOSUB25B0 iDM( J)
=XX !GOSUB2 580 !DC( J)=XX :GO
SUB2580!EM( J)=XX : rem 203
GOSUB2580!FC(J)=XX:NEXT

:rem 22 3
X=0 ! rem 146

X=0 !FORJ=1T03 :X=DM( J) +X iX
=X+DC( J) :X-X+EM(J) ;X=X+FC
(J) :FA(J)=X/4:X=0:NEXT

trem 245
FORJ-lT03iYP(j)=FA(J)*BP(
J) :NEXT trem 232

X=0 :F0RJ=1T03 trem 59

IFDC(J) >1.05THENXX=.95 :GO
TO2450 :rera 113

IFDC(J)<.9THENXX=1.1 :GOTO
2450 trem 7

XX- 1 trem 232

X=X+XX trem 147

IFEM( J) >1 ,05THENXX= .95 jGO
TO2490 trem 132

IFEM(J)<.95THEHXX=il.l2:GO
TO2490 trem 129

XX=Jl trem 236

X=X+XX trem 151

IFFC( J) >1 .1THENXX= .8 tGOTO
2530 trem 7

IFFC(J)<.97THENXX>»1 .09iGO

TO2 530
XX=1

X=X+XXtX=X/3
IFX=1THENX=1.

FP(J)'»X

X=0

NEXT

X=RND{ . )*( .99

trem 118
trem 231
: rem 27
03 trem 166
trem 146
trem 146
I rem 1 3
01) + . 01
trem 69
I FX<.45THENXXs'X+li RETURN

trem 116
IFX> .70THENXX=X I RETURN

t rem 16
XX=1 tRETURM trem 1

PRINT" {CLR){RVSl YOU NEED
{ SPACE JTO BORROW MONEY TO
KEEP FARMING trem 137

PRINT"{2 DO™)YOUR BATjANC
E IN THE BANK HAStrem 193
PRINT "DROPPED BELOW $0.
(2 SPACES ]T0 MEET YOUR PA

ymENTS trem 146

PRINT" (UP) YOU WILL NEED T
0 BORROW SOME MONEY FROM
{SPACEJTHE BANK (UP TO $5
0,000). :rem 213

PRINT"MINIMUM LOAN PAYMEN

TS ARE ONE-THIRD OF

(2 SPACES )IJDAN DUE AT 121

INTEREST. trem 108

2670 IF0-BA+LO>50000THEN2e60

t r em 54

2680 PRINT" (2 DOWN) YOU WILL NE

ED TO BORROW AT LEASTi"tP

RINT"5"!0-{ INT(BA*100+.5)

/100) trem 58

2690 PRINT"YOU CAN BORROW UP T

0 ?" ?50000-INT(LO*100+.S)

/100 trem 117

2700 PRINT" (DOWN) YOU OWE A GRA

ND TOTAL OF ■?" ; INT( LO* 100

+.5)/l0fl trem 24

2710 PRINT" (2 DOWN}HOW MUCH DO

YOU WISH TO BORROW?

: rem 190

27 20 INPUTX?tX=VAL(X$) iIFVAL(X

S)=>0THEN2720 trem 54

27 30 IFLO+X>50000THENPRINT"SOR

KY,YOUR CREDIT LINE IS 55

0,000"iGOTO2710 trem 71

2740 IFX<INT(0-BA+.005)THENPRI

NT"T!1AT WILL NOT BE ENOUG

H, TRY AGAIN "1 GOTO ?7 10

trem 233
2760 LO=LOtXiBAi«lMT( (BA+X)*ia0
+ . 5 ) / 100 1 1 FLO<0THENLO=0

t rem 98

27 70 LO=LO«l .12 t RETURN trem 7 3
2780 BO=7tBG=4tCH=0:GOSUB3100

trem 186

2790 PRINT"(D0WN)C0NGRATULATIO

NSIl£2 SPACES) YOU HAVE MA

NAGED THE trem 64

2800 PRINT"NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE T

ASK OF MAKING MONEY

: rem 66
2610 PRINT "AT FARMING,

(2 SPACES }THE BANK CONSID
ERS YOU A"!PRINT"GOOD RIS
K,": RETURN trem 253

2820 BO=6lBG="6iCH=l tGOSUB3100

trem 18 3

28 30 PRINT "YOU HAVE PROVEN YOU

RSELF A VERY POOR trem 55
2840 PRINT "FARMER I YOU LOST MO

NEY, AND NOW YOURt rem 226
2850 PRINT"FARM MUST BE SOLD T

0 PAY YOUR CREDITORS l" i RE

TURN trem 142

2860 GOSUB3000:GOSUB3000iPRINT

" (CLR) (RVS) {5 SPACKS)SORR

Y, YOU ARE BANKRUPT.

(11 SPACES) (OFF) trem 101
2870 PRINT" (2 DOWN) YOU HAVE MA

NAGED TO RUN YOUR CREDIT
trem 210
2880 PRINT"LISE TO THE LIMIT,

(SPACE) AND HOW YOU ARE

trem 116

2890 PRINT"BROKEl (2 SPACES)YOU

OWE CONSIDERABLE BACK TA

XES trem 127

3900 PRINT "AND YOUR FARM WILL

(SPACE 3 BE SOLD AT A

trem 137
2910 PRINT"SHERIFF'S AUCTION T

O PAY YOUR DEBTS. trem 139
2920 PRINT" (3 DOWN) " tGOTOl 110

trem 7

29 30 FG=lt PRINT "(DOWN) YOU MUST

ENTER A NUMBER HERE.
(2 UP) "tGOSUBi000iRETURN
trem 62
2940 PRINT" (RVS) (6 SPACES )PRES
S ANY KEY TO CONTINUE
{7 SPACES) {OFF )":GOSUB29S
0:RETURN trem 206

2950 POKE198,0 trem 253

2960 GETA5iIFAS-""THEN2960

trem 197

132 COMPUTE'S Gazette October 1985

2970 RETURN ! rem 17B

2980 PRINT"YOU MUST ENTER 1,2,

OR 3 HERE. ":GOSUB3000:RE

TURK jrem 96

2990 PRINT" {UPH32 SPACESHUP}

": RETURN J rem 225

3000 FORT=1TO2000 I NEXT! RETURN

srera 100

3010 PRINT"

" I RETU

RN ! rem 93

3020 PRINT"*******************
****««*«***«**«**«*"; RETU

■gtj Trem 48

3030 TM5=STR5( INT{TM*100+-5)/l
00) : rem 28

3040 P=0:FORA=1TOLEN(TM5)

: rern 236

3050 IFM1D?( TM5 ,A , 1 ) = " . ■'THENP=

;\_1 : rem 63

3060 NEXT:IFP=0THENTM$=TMS+CHR

5(46) :P = 1 srerf 99

3070 IFMID5(TM5, (LEN(TM$)-2),1

)=aiR5(46)THEN3090

r rem 143
3080 TM5=>TM5+CHR5(46j!GOTO3040

! rem 181
3090 RETURN ! rem 172

3100 POKE532a0,BO:POKES32Rl,BG
! P0KE646 , CH : RETURN

: rem 17 3
3110 PRINT"{CLRl{4 DOWN) ■■; TAB (
1 3 ) " { RVS ) THE FARM GAME

: rem 9

3120 F0RJ=1T03:READN5(J) :NEXT!

F0RJ = lTO3 iREADBPt J) iNEXT:

F0RJ=»1T03 sREADFUtJ) :NEXT

:rem 118

3130 FORJ=1T03 :READDY( J) :NEXT:

P0RJ=1T03:READBB(J) :NEXT:

F0RJ=1T03 :READBS( J> : NEXT

: rem 140

3140 READBAsREADLOsREADGAsREAD

CE!F0RJ=lTO3 tSR( J)a0!NEXT

iREADIS!HS=IS trem 195

3150 P0RJ=1T05 5READFF(J) sNEXT;

F0RJ=1T03:READDF( J) iNEXT;

F0RJ=1T03!READCF(J) iNEXT

: rem 123

3160 F0RJ=1T03:READEF( J) :NEXT!

F0RJ=lTO3 jREADOF ( J) :NEXT:

READ0V:HV=2*0V trem 243

3170 BA$=STR5(BA) : RETURN

jrem 186

3180 DATA "WHEAT", "CORN", "SOY BE

ANS",?. 80, 2. 31,6.30,30, 85

,60 ! rem 46

3190 DATA62, 100, 31, 1.5, .334,1.

5,7,65,7.25,20000,0,1,70

:rem 108

3200 DATAl.l .1,1 .03,1, .98, .9, .

8,1 .1, .82,1 ,1 .1 ,1 trem 253

3210 DATAl, .5,1 .1, .6, .25,1 .12,

2000 srem 137

Program 2: The Farm Game —
VIC Version

(Note: 16K memory expansion
required)

10 PRIOTCHRS(14) !nG='127 jCH=0:G
OSUa3040 ! rem 242

20 CLR!GOSUB30 50:FG=0:PRINTTAB
{2>"{4 DOWN}H0W LONG WILL Y
OU"tPRINT "MANAGE YOUR FARM
:rera 124

30 INPUTQQS :QQ=VAL(QQS) :IFQQ=0
THENGOSUB2870 : rem 36

40 IFFGO0THEN20 : rem 187

50 FORZZ=lTOQQ:GOSUB2040iGOSUB
2080 ! I FZZ=lTHBNGOSUB21 30

! rem 23

60 BG-221 :CH="0!GOSUB3040

: rem 116

70 PKIHT"tCLR)[RVS]YEARi{OFF)"

; ZZ : PRINT "[RVS is EASON SELEC

TIONs (off) :rem 127

80 PRINT" {2 DOWN)Fl KEY='MARKET

NEWS :rem 215

90 PRINT "F3 KEY=iYOUR FINANCES

" : r era 7 7
100 PRINT"FS KEY= PLANTING

:rem 190
110 PRINT"F7 KEY=SELL FUTURES

;rera 66

120 PRINT" {2 D0WN)WHAT IS YOUR

CHOICE? :rem 237

130 GOSUB2890 : rem 231

140 IFASC(AS)<1330RASC(A5}>136

THEN130 irem 77

150 AA=ASC(A5)-132:ONAAGOSUBll

10,1330,1480,1830 :rem 37

160 IFAA=3THENia0 : rem 224

170 GOTO60 :rem 55

180 BG=238:CH=>1:GOSUB3040

trem 176
190 PRINT"[CLR) {7 D0WN)":PRINT
"YOUR CROPS ARE GROWING

: rem 169

200 FX'=«!FORJ=lT03iFX=FX+(TS( J

)*INT( (BP( J)*FP( J) )*100+.5

)/100) iNEXT :rera 126

210 F)C=INT(FX*100+.5)/l00:SB=0

:rem 141
220 F0RJ=lTO3:SB=SR( Jj+SBsNEXT

trem 142

230 FORJ=-lT03tSR< J) = SR( J)-TSC J

> iNEXT irem 233

240 GOSUB2140iGOSUB2300!rem 92

250 GT=>0:FORJ=1TO3 :GT=GT+TY( Jj

* INT( YP( J ) * 1 00+ . 5 ) / 1 00 ! NEX

T trem 154

260 PT=0 tF0RJ=lT03 !PT=(FU( J)*T

A (J) ) +PT: NEXT: PT= INT (PT'GA

*100+.5)/100 :rem 82

270 BG»248tCHn0!GOSUB3040

:rem 176

280 PRINT"(CLR)" tPRINTTAB( 2)"

{RVS} [3 SPACES }HARVEST TIM

Et3 SPACES HOFFT :rem 49

290 GOSUB2960 :PRINT"f 2 SPACES}

(RVS)CR0P{0FF) [2 SPACES)

tRVS)PRICElOFF)(3 SPACES)

iRVS)YIELD{OFF] irem 95

300 FORJ=1T03 !RR=TA( J} IIPRR-0T

HKNRR=1 trem 110

310 TM=YP{J) !GOSUB2970 lYPS-TM?

!YP( J)=VAL(TM5) ! rem 255

320 TM=TY(J) :GOSUB2970:TYS=TM5

:TY{ J) = VAL('m5} : rem 12

330 PRINTKS( J) ;TAB(8)YP5; :PRIN

TTAB(24-(LEN(TY5) ) JINT{TY{

J)) sNEXT trem 164

340 PRINT" {down} IT IS NOW TIME
TO PAY YOUR BILLS AND TO
t SPACE ISELLYOUR CROPS.": GO
SUB2880 trem 221

350 PRINT" (CLR)CURRENT BANK BA
LANCE " :TM=BA :GOSUB2'970 : BA?
=™5 :BA=VAL(TM5) ! rem 153

360 PRINTTAB(10-LEN{BA5) }"S"BA
5 srera 194

3 70 PRINT "FUTURES CROP CHECK" t
TM=>FX:GOSUB2970!FX$=TM5 :PR
INTTAB { 10-LEN( FXS ) ) " S"FXS
trem 132

390 PHI NT "TOTAL YIELD" tTO^GTtG
OSUB2970 ;GT5 = TM5 sGT=VAL( TM
$) trem 172

390 PRINTTAB{10-LEN(GT$)>GT5

: rem 141

400 PRINT "LOAN PAYMENT DUE":TM
=INT((LO/3)*100+.5)7l00tGO
SUB2970 :rem 66

410 PRINTTAB(10-LEN(TM5))"5"1'M
?!LP«='INT(VAL(TM5)*100+ .5)/
100 trem 75

420 PRINT "HARVESTING COSTS ": TM
= HV tGOSUB2970 : HV5=TM? iPRIN
TTAB(10-LEN(HVS) )"5"HV5

irem 199

430 HV=INT{VAL(TM$)*100+-5)/10

0 ! rem 17 6

440 PRINT "COST FOR 200 ACRES"!

TM= I NTTc E* 200* 1 00+ . 5 ) / 1 00 !

GOSUB2970:CES = W? :tem 158

450 PRINTTAB(10-LEN(CE5))"5"CE

5 trem 204

460 PRINT"FUEL EXPENSE" t TM= FT :

GOSUB2970 : PT5=TM5 : PT=INT( V

AL{TM5)*100+.5)/100:rem 84

470 PRINTTAB(10-LEN(PT5) )"5"PT

5 : rem 6

480 PRINT "OVERHEAD EXPENSE" :TM

= OV:GOSUB2970:OV5=TM5 tPRIN

TTAB ( 10-LEN< OV? ) ) " 5"OV5

srera 200

490 OV=INT(VAL(TM$)*100+.5)/10

0 : rem 189

500 PRINT "CROP STORAGE FEES";T

M=( 12*SB*0.'015) :GOSUB2970t

855=™? trem 124

510 S&=lNTtVAHTM$)*100+.5)/10

0 : rem 166

520 PRINTTAB(10-LEN(SB5))"S"SB

5 srem 228

530 GOSUB2880 trem 234

540 PRINT" tCLR){ RVS) TOTAL ASSE

TS= ( OFF 1 " t TM=BA+FX+GT sSOSU

B2970:AA5=TM? trem 205

550 PRINTTAB{10-LEN(AA5) )"S"AA

S trem 193

560 PRINT" {DOi™) (RVS )T0TAL DEB

ITS=(OFF)" srem 157

570 TM=LP+HV+OV+FT+SB+(CE*200)

tGOSUB2970sDT5=TM$ sDT=VAL[

TM?) srem 138

560 PRINTTAB(10-LEN(DT5> )"5"DT

5:GOSUB2a80 srem 124

5 90 FORJ=lT03tIFTY( J)=0THEN7 50

trem 92
500 PRINT" (CLR)HOW MANY BUSHEL
S OF "tPRINTN5(J) r " DO YOU
■' 3 P Rl NT "WANT TO SELL?

s rem 96
610 PRINT "YOU HAVE A MAXIMUM 0
F "iPRINTTYCJ)" TO SELL.

; rem 47

620 FG=0sX5=""s INPUTX5sIFX5=""

THENG20 srem 156

630 IFASC(X?)<4BORASC(X9)>57TH

EN600 trem 40

640 X=VAL(X5) srem 223

650 IFX>TY( J)THEN600 srem 205

660 PRINTX; "BUSHELS OF "tPRINT

N?(J);" WOULD SELL" s PRINT"

FOR S"r ;TM=X*YP( J) :GOSUB29

70 srem 116

670 PRINTTM? iGOSUB2960trem 122

680 PRINT"_IS "rX; "BUSHELS OK?

srem 106
690 PRINT"(DOim]PRESS: (RVS)FI
(off} to CHANGE" I PRINT"
{7 SPACES }(rvs)F3 (OFF) TO
{SPACE) SELL trem 5

700 GOSUB2890 trem 234

710 IFA5=CHR?C133>THEN600

trem 119
720 IFA$<>CHR5{134)THEN700

srem IS 3
730 BA=BA+(INT{X*YP( J)*100+.5)
/100) trem 100

740 SR{ J)='INT(TY( J)-X+SR( J) )

s rem 140
750 NEXT trem 219

760 BA=INT( (BA+FX}*100+.5)/100

I rem 63

COMPUTEI'a Oazem October 1985 133

7 70 IFLO=0THENa70 j rem 3

780 PRINT" fCLR) HOW MU01 OF YOU

R LOAN DO YOU WISH TO PAY

(4 SPACES}OFF? ; rem 252

790 PRINT "MINI MOM PAYMENT IS:"

J rem 1
800 TM=IKT{{LO/3)*100+.5)/100:
GOSUB2970 iPRINTTAB { 3)TMS

: r em 124
810 PRINT" [DOVm) YOU OWE A TOTA
L 0F"iPRrNT"?"LO : rem 7

820 FG=0!lNPUTA :rem 159

830 IFA<TMTHEN782 : rem 22

840 IFA>LOTHENA=LO : rem 141

850 BA=INT( (BA-A)*100+.5)/100!
L0= ( LO-A) * 1 a 2 :LO=INT ( LO* 1
00+.5)/100 Item 46

860 IFLO<0THENLOb0 irem 107

870 QA=INT( [BA-(CE*2 00)-OV-HV-
PT-SB)*100}/100 srera 220
880 IFBA<0THENGOSUB2S60

: rem 154
890 FOHJ=1TO3:TY(J)=0:NEXT

: rem 126

900 F0RJ=1T03:TS{ JJ-'OsNEXTjNEX

T irem 233

910 PRINT"[CLR) tRVS]{2 SPACES)

END OF GAME TALLY

13 SPACES] J OFF) s rem 12

920 PRINT"! DOWN )CUR RENT BANK Q

ALANCE = 5"; !TM=BA:GOSUB2"5

70 sPRINTTMS !BA=VAL( TM5 )

srem 100
930 GOSUB29S0 j rem 236

940 PRINT "CROPS IN STORAGE:

t rem 185
950 PRINT" (RVS) CROP {OFF 5
{2 SPACES) [RVS) BUSHELS
[OFF) irem 223

960 XX=0 irem 189

970 F0RJ=1T03:IFSR( J)<0THENSR[
J)=0 srem 102

980 PRINTN$(j)fTAB(10)SR(J) :XX
-XX+SR( J)*YP(J) sNEXT

1 rem 104
990 PRINT "STORED CROP CASH VAL
UE:5"; iTM='XX!GOSUB2970

trera 129

1000 PRINTTM5:XX»VAL(TMS) :BA=B

A+XX srem 139

1010 GOSUB2880:PRINT"[CLR)AMOU

NT OWED TO BANK:?"; :TM=LO

:GOSUB2970 : rem 76

1020 PRINTTM? :L0=VAL(™5) jBA=I

NT(BA-LO> trem 161

1030 IFBA>»20000THENZZ=1

irem 148

1040 IFBA<20000THEN22=2!rem 87

1050 PBINT"[DOWN)GRAND TOTAL I

N BANK=$" ; :TM=BA:GOSUB297

0 :PRINTTMS:BA=VAL(TM$) sPR

INT jrera 212

1060 ONZZGOSUB2720, 27601 rem 94

1070 PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO T

RY AGATn? :rera 229

1080 GOSUB2890 tIFAS="Y"THEN10

t rem 1 80

1090 IFA5<>"S"THEN1080:rem 194

1100 END irem 153

1110 PRINT" (CLR) ":BG=25iCH=0tG

OSUB3040 :rem 65

1120 PRINT" [ RVS} [5 SPACES ) NEWS

RELEASE [ 5 SPACES }" iGOSUB

2960 : rem 240

1130 IRS=STRS( INT(( IR-1 )*100} )

irem 112

1140 PRINT"I^NFLATION RATEi ";T

AB(16)IR?;"% :rem 172

1150 TM=GA:GOSUB29 70:GAS=TM5 iG

A=VAL(TM5} ;rera 153

1160 PRINT "FUEL COST; "r TAB {16-

P)"5"GA5 irem 19

1170 'm=HSiGOSUB2970tHSS=TMSti{

1180
1190
1200
1210

1220
1230
1240

1250
1260

1270

1280
1290

1300

1310

1320
1330

1340

1350
1360

1370
1380
1390
1400
1410

1420
1430
1440
1450

1460

14 70
1480

1490
1500
1510
1520

S=VAL(TM5) irem 212

PR! NT "HERBICIDE: "7TAB(16-
P)"5"HS? :rem 66

lM=ISiGOSUB2970jIS5=TM5 •!
S=VAL{TMS) !rem 217

PRI NT "I^NSECT IC I DE: " ; TAB ( 1
6-P)"S"IS5 irera 225

TW=OViGOSUB2970 iOVS=TMS lO
V='INT(VAL(TMS)*100+.5)/10
0 irem 50

PRINT "OVERHEAD COSTS: "iPR
INTTABTl6-P)"S"OVS!rem 46
'm=<CE:GOSUB2970 iCE5=TM5

: rem 160
PRINT"COST PER ACRE:"TAB(
15-P}"S"CES:GOSUB2880 iPRI
NT"{CLR)" irem 214

PRINTTAB(4)" [RVS] SEED PR
ICES " :rera 110

PRINT" [DOlffl}GRAIN SEED CO
ST PER{3 SPACES) BUSHEL:

: rem 184
PRINT :F0RJ=«lTO3 !PRINTNS(J
);":"; !'n4 = BS( J) !GOSUB29 70
:BS(J)=VAL(TM5) irem 66

PRINTTAB { 15-P) "5"TM? :NEXT
I rem 9
PRINT "(DOWN 3 (RVS) FUTURES
MAPJCET PRICE ":PRINT

;rem 108
F0RJ=1T03 iPRINTN?( J) ; ":" ;
:TM=BP(J)*FP( J) 1GOSUB2970
irem 45
PRINTTAB { 15-P)"5"TM5!NEXT
SPRINT irera 202

GOSUB 2880 1 RETURN trem 50
BG=10 iCH=l :GOSUB3040

trem 162
PRINT "(CLR) (RVS) YOUR FINA
NCIAL STATUS ":GOSUB29 50

! rem 0
TM=BA!GOSUB2970iBA=VAL(TM
5) ireni 16 9

PRI NT "S AVI NGS ACCOUNT : " i P
RINTTAa(15-P)""$"BA

I rem 185
TM=LO !GOSUB2970 I LO"VAL( TM

5) irem 219

PRINT "YOU OWE THE BANK:"

! rem 60
IFLO=0THENPRINTTAB{ 15}" —

":GOTO1410 ;rera 57

P RINTTAB ( 1 5- P ) " $ "TM?

trem 138
GOSUB2950IPRINT"
(2 SPACES) (RVS) CROPS IN
[ SPACE } STORAGE "iPRlNT:X-
0 1 rem 44

PRINTTAB (2) "CROP" f TAB (14)
"BUSHELS irem 38

F0RJ=1T03 !IFSR( J)<1 .0THEN
SR(J)=i0 irem 237

PRINTN$(J) ;TAB( 17)SR( J) tX
=X+SR{ J) tNEXT irem 121

PRINT" [2 DOWN)GRAIN STORA
GE FEEi ":PRINT"^5" ; tTM=INT
(X*.015) ;GOSUB2970irem 93
PRINTTMS" PER MONTH.

trem 218
GOSUB2880: RETURN : rem 56
BG=29 tCH=0iGOSUB3 040

trem 17,7
PRINT" [ CLR) ( RVS)
(5 SPACES) PLANTING TIME
[4 SPACES}"^ irem 208

PRI NT "(down) YOU HAVE 200
[SPACE 5 ACRES TO PLANT, DIV
IDED INTO"; irem 5

PRINT" 5£2 SPACES) FIELDS
(SPACEJOF 40 ACRES
(4 SPACES) EACH. trem B

PRINT"(DOWN)FIELDS 1-3 AR
E AVERAGEOR SLIGHTLY ABOV

E(5 SPACES lAVERAGE YIELDE
RS. ,rem 43

1530 PRINT "(DOWN} FIELDS 4 AND
[SPACE) 5 ARET4 SPACES JSL I
GHTLY LESS THAN [4 SPACES)
AVERAGE PRODUCERS. " iGOSUB
2880 irem 52

1540 FORJ-ITOS iPRrNT"(CLR)CROP

TO BE PLANTED IN FIELD "

I'J irem 69

1550 printtab{5)"{dowmHrvs)i =

WHEAT [3 SPACES}" tPRINTTAB
15}" (RVS}2=CORN(4 SPACES)
(off) "jPRINTTAB(5)"(RVs!3
=SOY BEANS (off) trem 238

1560 PRINT" (down) YOUR CHOICE?"
!GOSUB2890 irem 244

1570 IFASC(A5}<490RASC{A5) >51T
HENGOSUB29 20:GOTO1560

irem 31

1580 FL{J)=VAL(AS} iNEXTirem 74

1590 PRINT"[CLR)ALL YOUR FIELD

s are[3 spaces)ready for

(space) PLANTING. trem 47
1600 PRINT"YOU HAVE: "iFORJ^lTO

3 :X=0:FORJJ-1TO5 irem 28
1610 IFFL(JJ)=JTHENX-X+40

I rem 0
1620 NEXTiTAC J)=XiPRINTXt " ACR

ES OF "fN$( J) tNEXT

irem 105
1630 TM=0 iF0RJ=lT03:TM=TM+(TA(

J}*BS( J)*BB(J) ) :NEXT:TM=I

NT((TM+.005)*100)/100

irem 183
1640 PRINT" ( DO IVN) SEED COSTS: "

f :GOSUB2970t^M=VA'C(TM5} iP

RINTTAB (15-LEN(TM5) )"5"TM

5 trem 16

1650 BH=BA: PRI NT "(DOWN) BANK BA

LANCE: " tBA=BA-TMt TM=BA:G0

SUB2970 irera 224

1660 PRINTTAa(I0-LEN(TH5) )"S"T

MS 1 rem 50

1670 PRINT" (DOWN) IS THIS OKAY?

tJ/N' ^ 'rem 124

1680 GOSUB2890lIFAS>»"N"THENBA=

BH:GOTO1490 trem 217

1690 IFA5<>"Y"THENI680trem 217
1700 PRINT" (CLR) (UP) HOW MANY U

NITS PER[4 SPACES }ACRE OF
INSECTICIDE DOYOU WISH T

O APPLY? irem 191

1710 XS=^"":INPUTX$ iIFXS = ""THEN

1700 irem 201

1720 IFASC(XS) <480RASC(XS) >57T

HENGOSUB28 7O:GOTO1710

I rem 80
1730 X=VAL(X5) irem 16

1740 BA=BA-X*200*IS:IN-C (SQR(X

}-5)/5}+l irem 135

1750 PRINT" {DOWN} HOW MAMY UNIT

s per{4 spaces} acre of he

RBICIDE D0{2 SPACES ) YOU W
ISH TO APPLY?" trem 46

17 60 X5=""iINPUTXS tIFXS = ""THEN
1750 trem 211

17 70 IFASC(X5)<480RASC(X$}>57T
HENGOSUB2870 :GOTO1750

irem 89

1760 X=VAL(X?} irem 21

17 90 BA=BA-X*200*HS!HE='(((SQR(

X)-4.4)/5)+l) irera 51

1800 PRINT" {DOWN} PRESENT BANK

(SPACE)BALANCE: 5" ; iTM=BA

:GOSUB2970 iPRINTTM$ iGOSUB

2940 trem 35

1810 IFBA<0THEN2 560 irem 68

1820 RETURN irem 171

1830 PRINT" (CLR) (RVS}GRAIN FU

TORES MARKET I rem 3

1840 PRINT"TdOWN)YO0 HAVE THE

134 COMPUTEfs Gazene October 1985

( SPACE )F0LLOWINGAMOUNTS O
F GRAIN IW[3 SPACKS)STORA
GE ! : rem 211

1850 FORJ=lT03:IFSR{ J) <0THENSR
(j)=0 srem 148

1860 fRINTNS( J) ; tTMS=STH$(SR( J

)) :PRINTTAB( 1 5-LEN( TM?) ) S

R(J) |NEXT!GOSUB2950

: rem 72

1870 PRINTTABO)"t:UTURES PRICE
S i rem 206

1880 P0RJ=1T03:PRINTNS(J), "5■';
:Tt■1=BP(J)*FP(J) :GOSUB2970
iPRINTTM? :NEXT :rem 20

1890 PRINT "WHICH GRAIN WOULD Y
OU LIKE TO SELL? 1 rem 164

1900 PRINT" {RVSIfU OFF] WHEAT
(5 SPACES} (F!VS1f3 [OFF) =C0
RN[2 SPACES) {RVS)F5(0FFT=
S0YBEANS(2 SPACES )( RVS)F7
T0FF)=N0NE trera 231

1910 GOSUB2B90:IPASC(A?)<133OR
ASC(A5)>136THEN1910

: rem 71
J=ASC{A?)-132 I iIFJ=4THENR
ETURN ! rem 112

IFSR{ J)»0THENPRINT"yOU DO
N'T HAVE ANy"!PRINTNS(J> 7
"1"jGOTO1890 :rem 167

PRINT"icLR)nOW MANY BUSHE
LS OF "iPRINTN?( J) ;■' DO Y
OU • rem 55

PRINT "WANT TO SELL7":PRIN
T"(UP TO ";SR(J};" BUSHEL
S)" : rem 160

INPUTK :reiii 17 1

IFK>SR( J)THKNPRINT"YOU DO
N'T HAVE THAT(3 SPACES )MU
CH GRAINl ":GOSUB2940: GOT
01940 srem 224

SR( J)=SR( J)-K!lFSR( J) <0TH
ENSR(J}=0 I rem 88

TS(J)=K srem 157

PRINT" tDGV-WlWOULD YOU LIK
E TO SELLMORE GRAIN?

:rein 101
GOSUB2890iIFA5=."Y"THENLa3
0 :rem 25

IFAS<>"N"THEN201O:rera 132
RETURN jrem 165

X=«INT{{RNDt.)*7+l))/100

: rem 200
IFX> .05THEN2070 : rem 119
IR=l+X;GOTO20e0 : rem 145
IR=1 irera 210

PORJ- 1T03 !BS(J)=BS(J)*IR:
NEXT : rem 84

GA= INT ( GA* I R* 100+ . 5 ) / 100 :
IS=IS*{IR+.01) !HS=HS*IR!0
V=OV*( IR+,01) !HV=HV*IR

: rem 28
CE=CE*( IR+.01) irera 224

CE=INT(CE* ( IR+ .01 )*100+ .5
)/100 irera 38

F0RJ=lTn3 iBP( J)=BP( J)*( IR
-.01) : NEXT 1 RETURN! rem 112
F0RJ-lTO3;FP( J)=l .0 5: NEXT
iRETURN I rem 58

X='RND(0)*(0.99-.01) + .01

: r em 130

1 .0+-X:GarO2

:rem 239

X:GOTO2190

I rem 5 5

IFX> .45ANDX<.5THENXX=1 .03

SGOTO2190 irew 109

XX=1 .0 irem 71

X=RND(0)*( .99-. 01) +.01

srem 87
I FX < . 1 THENXX=XX+ X+X :G0TO2
240 ireiti 44

IFX> .75THENXX-XX+X:GOT022
40 I rem 14

1920
1930

1940

1950

1960
1970

1980

1990
2000

2010

2020
203 0
2040

2050
2060
2070
2080

2090

2100
2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180
2190

2200

2210

IFX<.45THENXX=

190

IFX> .80THENXX=

2220 IFX> .4ANDX<.5THENXX=XX+1.
02:GOTO2240 irem 10

2230 XX=XX+1 :rem 192

2240 XX=.XX/2 :rem 198

2250 IFX<.2THENIN=IN/2:HE=HE/2

srem 5 7
2260 SF='INjIFIN>1 .1THENSF=1 .1

! rem 2S0
2270 HP-HE)IFHE>1 .1THENHF=1 .1

srem 209
2280 F0RJ=-lT03sTY( J)=0!NEXT

srem 169
2290 FORJ=1T05 sK=FL( J) sTY(K)=I
NT(40*FF(J)*BY(K)*XX*HF*S
F+TY(K)) sNEXT: RETURN

! rem 16 1

2300 FORJ=lTO3sGOSUB2520sDM( J)

=XXsGOSUB25 20:DC(J)=XX:GO

SUB2 520:EM( J)=XX : rem 179

2310 GOSUB2520sFC(J)=XX!NEXT

srem 211

2320 X=0 srem 140

2330 X=0:FORJ=1TO3 !X=DM(J)+XsX

=X+DC( J) sX=X+EM(J) :X=X+FC

(J) ;FA[J}=X/4sX=0:HEXT

srem 2 39

2 340 FORJ=1T03 : YP( J )=FA( J) *BP(

J) sNEXT srem 235

2350 X=a SF0RJ-1TO3 srem 62

2360 IFDC<J)>1.05THENXX=.95:GO

TO2390 srem 119

2370 IFDC(J) <.9THENXX=1 .1 iGOTO

2 390 srem 13

2380 XX=1 srem 235

2390 X=X+XX srem 150

2400 IFEM(J) >1.05THENXX=.95 iGO

TO2430 ! rem 120

2410 IFEM(J)<.95THENXX=1.12!GO

TO2430 srem 117

2420 XX=1 srem 230

2430 X=X+XX srem 14 S

2440 IFFC(J)>i.lTHENXX=.8!GOTO

2470 srem 13

2450 IFFC(J) <.97THENXX=1.09sGO

TO2470 : rem 124

2460 XX=.l srem 234

24 70 X=X+XXsX=X/3 srem 30

2480 IFX=1THENX=1.0 3 srem 169
2490 FP(J>=X srem 149

2500 X=0 srem 140

2510 NEXT : rem 7

2520 X=RND(0)*[.99-.0i)+.01

s rem 84
2S30 IFX<.45THENXX=X+ls RETURN

srem 110
2540 IFX> .70 THENXX=Xs RETURN

srem 19
2550 XX-lsRETURN srem 4

2560 PRINT" [CLR}{RVS3Y0U NEED

( SPACE )to borrov;

f4 SPACES) MONEY TO KEEP F
ARMING. srem 186

2570 PRINT "(DOWN) YOUR BALANCE
(SPACE)IN THE{3 SPACES)BA
NK HAS DROPPED {6 SPACES JB
ELOW 50. " srem 222

2 580 PRINT "TO MEET YOUR PAYMEN
TS srem 140

2590 PRINT "YOU WILL NEED TO

£6 SPACES )BORROW SOME HON
EY FROMTHE BANK. " i PRINT " (
UP TO $50,000} srem 82

2600 PRINT "MINIMUM LOAN PAYMEN
TS ARE ONE- THIRD OF LOAN
£ SPACE) DUE AT 12* INTERES
T." srem 136

2610 GOSUB28a0:IF0-BA+LO>50000
THEN2a00 srem 182

2620 PRINT"(CLR) JDOWN)YOU WILL
HEED TO{e SPACEST BORROW
tSPACE)AT LEASTS "sPRINT"?
" ;0-INT(BA*100+.5)/100

srem 101

2630 PRINT "YOU CAN BORROW UP T

OS "iPrTnT"?" f 50000-( INT(L

O*100+.5)/100) srem 5

2640 PRINT "(DOWN) YOU OWE A GRA

ND TOTAL OF: " SPRINT" S"; IN

T(1jO*100+.5)/100 I rem 96

2650 PRINT" (2 D0WN)H0W MUCH DO

YOU WISH[2 SPACES )TO BOR

ROW? Item 193

2660 XS-"" s INPUTXS sIFX?-" "THEN

2650 srem 211

2670 X-VAL(X$) tIFX=0THEN2650

srem 158
2680 IFLO+X>S0000THENPRlNT"yOU
R CREDIT LIMIT IS
{2 SPACES) 550,000" SGOT026
50 I rem 218

2690 IFX<INT(0-BA+.005)THENPRI
NT "THAT WILL NOT BE
{6 SPACES) ENOUGH, TRY AGA
IN,"sGOTO2650 srem 30

2700 LO=LO+XsBA=BA+XsIFLO<0THE
NLO='0 I rem 198

2710 LO=LO*1 .12 jRETURN srem 67
2720 BG"216!CH»0sGOSUB3040

srem 221

27 30 PRI NT " [ DOWN )CONG RATULAT lO

NSll(5 SPACES JYOU HAVE MA

NAGED THEl2 SPACES ) NEARLY

IMPOSSIBLE TASKOF"?

I rem 33

2740 PRINT" MAKING MONEY" sPRIN

T"FARMING. THE BANK":PRIN

T "CONSIDERS YOU A GOOD

\2 SPACES)RISK." irem 154

2750 RETURN irem 174

27 60 PRINT "(CLR) YOU HAVE PROVE

n"iprint"yourselp a poor
(spaceIfarmU SPACES)MANA
GERi" irem 245

2770 GOSU 82880 : PRI NT "(CLR) YOU
(SPACE) HAVE PROVEN" SPRINT
"YOURSELF A VERY POOR" s PR
INT "FARMER I" srem 111

2780 PRINT"[DOV*J)Y0U LOST MONE
Y, AND" SPRINT "NOW YOUR FA
RM MUST"iPRINT"BE SOLD TO

PAY YOUR irem 52

2790 PRINT"CREDITORS I"! RETURN

! rem 1 3
2800 GOSUB2940SGOSUB2940 SPRINT
"iCLR) (RVS) SORRY, YOU'RE
E SPACE ] BANK RUPT{ OFF J

srem 47

2810 PRINT" £2 DOWN)YOU HAVE MA

NAGED TOO SPA'CESJRUN YOU

R CREDIT LINE srem 244

2820 PRINT "TO THE LIMIT, AND N

OW YOU ARE BROKE! irem 218

2830 PRI NT "[DOWN) YOU OWE COKSI

DERABLE[2 SPACES) BACK TAX

ES AND YOUR srem 24

2840 PRINT"FARM WILL BE SOLD A

T A irem 106

2850 PRINT" [up) SHERIFF'S AUCTI

ON T0(2 SPACES) PAY YOUR D

EBTS. :rem 31

2860 PRINT" ( DOWN) "sGOTO1070

srem 237
2870 PG-1sPRINT"[D0WN)Y0U MUST
ENTER A NUMBER HERE.
{2 UPj "iGOSUB2940iRETURN
I rem 77
2880 PRINT"£RVS) £4 SPACES )PRES
S ANY KEY [4 SPACES ) [OFF) "
sGOSUBlB90! RETURN srem 76
2890 POKE19B,0 irem 0

2900 GETA5!lFA5»""THEN2900

1 rem 185

2910 RETURN irem 172

2920 PRINT "YOU MUST ENTER 1,2,

OR 3 HERE. "sGOSUB2940sRE

TURN I rem 102

COMPUTEfs Gazette October 1985 135

2930 PRINT" {UP} {32 SPACES} {UP)
"! RETURN jrern 219

2940 FORT=lTO2a00 5 NEXT: RETURN

:rem 112

2950 PHINT"

~"! RETURN :rera 108

2960 PRINT"*******************

J^" I RETURN srem 124

2970 TM5="STR5{ INT(TM*100+.5)/l

00) jrem 40

2980 P=0 tFORA-lTOLEN(TM?)

! rem 248

2990 IFH1D5(TM5,A, 1)=". "THENP=

A-1 : rem 75

3000 NE>CTiIFP-0THENTMS=TMS+CHR

?{46) :P=: ;rera 93

3010 IFMID5(TM5, (LEN{TM5)-2),1

j^CHRSC 46)THEN3030

! rem 131
3020 TM5=TMS+CHR5(4a) tGOTO29a0

srern 187

3030 RETURN ; rem 166

3040 POKE36879,(BG)!POKE646,CH

: RETURN : rem 2 31

3050 PRINT"JCLR){4 DOWN)";TAB(

4)"{RVS} THE FARM GAME "

I rem 2 S4

3060 F0RJ=1T03!READNS< J) sNEXTj

P0RJ=1T03 jREADQP( J) sHEXT:

F0RJ=1T03 :READFU( J) :NEXT

:rem 121

3070 FORJ=lT03;READBY{ J) iNEXT:

F0RJ=1T03 :READHB(J) iNEXTi

FORJ=1T03!READBS( J) :NEXT

1 rem 143

3080 READBAiREADLOiREADGAiREAD

CE!FORJ=.1T03:SR( J) = 0jNEXT

!READIS:HS="IS i rem 19S

3090 F0RJ=1T05:READFF(J) jNEXT:

FORJ=lT03 :READDF( J) ;NEXT:

F0RJ=1T03 :READCF(J) iNEXT

:rem 126

3100 F0RJ=1T03:READEF( J) iNEXT:

F0RJ=1T03:READ0F(J) sNEXT:

READ0VtHV=2*0V i rem 237

3110 BA5="STR5(BA) sRETURN

s rem 180

3120 DATA "WHEAT " , "CORN " , "S Cfy BE

ANS " , 2 . 80 , 2 . 3 3 , 6 . 30 ,T0 , 8 5

I 60 : rem 40

3130 DAT A62, 100,31,1 .5, .3 34,1 .

5,7,65,7.25,20000,0,1,70

I rem 102

3140 DATA1,1.1,1.03,1, .98, .9, .

a, 1.1, .82, 1, 1.1,1 irem 0

3150 DATAl, .5,1.1, .6, .25,1.12,

2000 irem 140

Program 3: The Farm Game-
Substitute Lines For The Plus/4 And
16

10 BO=lO!BG=10!CH=3!lT»0:GOSUn

3100jPOKE6S299,212
15 KEYl , " " 1 KEY2 , " " i KEY3 , " " :KEY

8,""
80 PRINTTAR(5)"{2 DOWN)Fl KEY.

. . .MARKET NEWS
90 PRINTTAB(5T"F2 KEY.... YOUR

{space) FINANCIAL STATU?
100 PRINTTAB(5)"F3 KEY.... PLAN
TING

110 printtab(5)"help key.. sell
crops on futures

130 GOSUB295a:POKE239,0

140 IFA<3ORA>6TNEN130

150 AA=A-2:ONAAGOSUBli)90,1150,

1370,1520
160 IFAA=4THENia0
180 BO=8!BG=8:CH=7iITa0!GOSUB3

100

270 BO=6!Ba=C:CH=2iIT=0tGOSUB3
100

136 COMPUTErs GazettB Oaober ^S65

670 PRINT"PRESS {RVS)Fi{OFF} T
0 CHANGE, (RVS)F3r0PF} TO
{space 3 SELL

690 IF A=4THEN590

700 IFAO6THEN680

1120 GOSUB2950jIFA=25THEN10

1130 1FAO39THEN1120

11S0 PRINT" (CLR3"tBO-2tBG-2rCH
=1 tGOSUB3100

1370 BO=3:BG-1iCH-2i1T-7jGOSUB
3100

16 20 GOSUB29S0tIFA=5 6THENA=l

1621 IFA=59THENA=2

1622 IFA=8THENA=3

ie23 IFA<1ORA>3THENOOSUB2980!G

OTO1620
1630 REM DELETE THIS LINE
1640 FL(J)=AiPRINT"(2 C»OWN}";T

AB(33)FL(J)iNEXT
1740 GOSUB2950iIFA-39THENBA=BH

:GOTO1530
1750 IFAO25THEN1740

17 70 POKE239,0:INPUTX?iIFASC(X

? ) <480RASC( XS ) > 57THENGOSU

B2930:GOTO1770
1970 PRINT"(RVS}F1{0FF! WHEAT

{SPACE) ( RVs7f2 t OFF ) -CORN

(SPACE) [RVS)F3(OFF3-SOYBE

ANS [RVSlHELf{0FF]-N5NE
1980 GOSUB2950tIFA<3ORA>^THENl

980
1990 J=A-3;IFJ=0THENRETURM
20B0 GOSUa2950tIFA=-25THEN1890
2090 IFAO39THEN2080
2780 BO"8jBG=StCH»lsGOSUB3100
2950 FORT»lTO50:NEXT!A=PEEKt20

38) iIFA=64THEN2 950
2960 REM DELETE THIS LINE
3100 C0LOR4, BO :COLOR0,BG! COLOR

l,CH,ITiRETURN

X BASIC

(See iustnictious in article on ^age
96 before t}fping in.)

49152 !l20, 173,087, 192,141,004,205

491 5B 1003,17 3,088,192,141,005,096

49164 : 003, 173, 089, 192, 14 1,006, 104

49170 1003,173,090,192,141,007,112

49176 1003,17 3,091,192,141,008,120

49182 1003,173,992,193,141,009, 128

49180 1003,173,093,192,141,010,136

49194 1003, 173, 994, 192, 141, 01 1,1 44

49200 1003,088, 096, 000,000,000, 235

49206 1000,000,000,000,000,000,054

49212 1 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 060

49 218 : 000 , 000 ,000, 000 , 000 , 000 , 066

493 24 1000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 07 2

49230 1000, 000, 000, 000, 900, 000, 078

49236 1000,000,000,060,193,216,040

49242 1193,013,194,053,194,083,052

49248 1080,082,965,213,060,982,171

492 54 1068,210,983,967,082,069, 169

49 260 1069,206,001,085,07 3,212,066

49 266 108 3,080,082,077,085,076,085

492 7 2 1212,077,0 79,006,197,083,086
49 278 1080,002,0 73,084,197,065,195
49234 : 083,000, 082, 073,084, 197,219
49 290 1068,083,080,082,0 73,084,096
49296 1197,083,073, 196,069,978,072
49302 1906,069,0 76,079,080,197,22 5
49 300 1071,06 5,0 84, 197,070,002,213
49314 1209,087,0 65,006,197,086,124
49320 1079,204,070,067,985,212, 117
49326 10 70,077,0 79,060,197,070,2 23
49332 1073,076,984,969,219,070,2 50

493 38 1082,003,206,067,083,069,008
49344 1212,077,085,976,094,201,159
49 350 1069, 089, 084, 078, 196,976,021
49 356 1079,067,065,004,197,067,251
49 362 1069,078,084,069,219,072,024
49 368 1073,002,069,211,976,073,0 32

49374 1078, 197, 072, 080, 082, 978, 941
49 380 1212,080,076,079,212,084,203
49 386 1069,088,212,067,076,069,047
4939 2 1065,210,067,079,976,210,179
49398 1083,004,073,067,203,066,054
49404 1084,206,000,2 3 5,237,2 37,227
49410 1001,195,121,194,110,194,049
49416 .-132,194,146,195,151,194,252
49422 1219,194,171,195,19 3,195,157
49428 103 3, 200, 159, 200, 955, 200,099

494 34 1112,200,254,200,099,291,960
49440 1117,201,164,291,221,201,113
49446 5 030,202,183,196,021,196,098
49452 1096,196,001,197,093,197,061
49450 1215,197,213,199,016,198,964
49464 =249,190, 030, 199, 06 5, 199, 2 28
49470 1 182, 199 , 1 34 , 197 , 103 , 197, 1 39
49476 1932,124,165,162,000,169,199
49482 1004,133,015.189,000,002,160
49488 1201,128,176,054,201,032,104
49494 1240,950,133,008,201,034,240
49500 1249,083,036,015,112,940,106
49506 1201,048,144,004,201,069,244
49 512 1144,03 2,13 2,113,160,000,17 3
49518 :132, 011, 136, 134, 122, 202, 079
49524 1200,23 2,139,000,002,056,027
49530 1249,095,192,240,245,201,064

495 36 1120,200,053,165,011,024,205
49542 1105,204,164,113,2 32,200,128
49548 1153,251,001,185,251,001,214
495 54 1240,056,056,233,958,240,005
49569 1004,201,07 3,208,094,133,007
49566 1015,200,17 2,056,233,085,159
49572 1208,167,133,008,189,000,101

495 78 1002,249,221,197,008,240,954
49584 J 217, 200, 153, 251, 001, 232, 206
49590 1208,249,166,122,2 39,911,135
49596 1200,185,094, 192,016, 250,101
49602 1105,095,192,208,175,109,214
49608 1000,002,016,138, 153,253,044
49614 1001,169,001,133,12 3, 169,034

496 20 i255, 133,122,096,916,048, 114
49626 1391,25 5,240,044,036,015,241
4963 2 1048,040,201,204,176,003,128
49638 5976,036,167,056,233,203,23 3
49644 1 179, 132, 073, 169, 255, 202, 204
49659 I 240, 008 ,200 , 185 , 995, 192 ,138

496 56 : 016, 2 50, 940, 245, 300, 185, 168
49662 5 095,192,048,005,033,071,105
49668 1171,208,245,076,239,166,085
49674 1076,24 3,166,032,115,000,130
496B0 1098,201 ,204, 144, 028, 295, 938
49686 1255,192, 176,023,949,032, 228
49692 103 3,194,076,174,167,056,216
49698 123 3,204,910,168,185,003,069
49704 : 193, 072, 185, 002, 193, 972, 245
49710 1076,115,000,040,076,231,97 2
49 716 1167,169,000,13 3,013,03 2,054
49722 1 115, 000, 008, 205, 2 55, 19 2, 96 5
49 728 1144,941,295,001,193,176,0 56
49734 1036,940,07 2,205,000,193,104
49740 1176,006,032,115,000,032,181
49746 1241,174,104,056,237,255,125

497 52 1192,010,168,185,064,193,132
49758 1133,085,185,065,193,133,120
49764 1086,032,084,000,076,141,007
497 70 1173,049,076,141,174,169,111
49776 1000,160,016,032,230,195,233
49782 1140,033,200,096,169,009,2 52
49780 1160,016,93 2,2 30,195,140,139
49794 5 032,208,096,120,032,083,189
49800 1223,088,096,174,051 ,192, 197
49806 1 224,000,249,005,010,202,055
49812 : 076, 142, 194, 096, 169,000,057
49818 1169,008,033,230,195,140,151
49024 :051, 192,169,002,160,090,222
49830 1032,210,195,072,152,072,139
49836 1169,001,160,000,032,218,240
49842 1195,152,072,173,051,192,245
49340 1010,170,104,157,001,208,066
49054 1104,157,000,208,104,032,027
49860 1139,194,072,169,001,032,035
49S66 1 1 39 , 194, 073, 255 , 045 ,016 , 156
49372 1208,141,916,208,104,013,130
49878 1016,208,141,016,208,096,131
49884 1169,000,160,008,03 2,230,051
49890 1195,140,051,192,169,001,206
49396 1160,000,032,218,195,152,221
49902 1072,169,000,160,016,032,175
49908 1218,195,152,174,051,192,202
49914 5 157,039,208,104,157,248,139

4992a

49926

49932

499 3B

49944

49950

49956

49962

49968

49974

49930

49986

49992

49993

50034

50010

5S016

50022

5002Q

50034

50040

50046

50052

50053

50064

50070

50076

500S2

50088

50094

50X00

50106

50112

50118

50124

50130

50136

50142

50148

50154

50160

50166

50172

50178

50184

50190

50196

50202

50208

50214

S0220

50226

50232

50238

50244

50250

50256

50262

50268

50274

50280

50286

5029 2

50298

50304

50310

50316

50322

50328

50334

50340

50346

50352

50358

50364

50370

50376

50382

50388

50394

50400

50406

50412

50418

50424

50430

50436

50442

50448

50454

50460

! 007, 096, 169,000,160,008,184
: 032, 230, 195, 140, 05 1,192, 078
J 169, 000, 160, 002, 03 2, 2 18, 081
:195,152,072, 169,000, 160,254
: 002, 032, 2 18, 195, 152, 07 2, 183
1169,000,160,002,032,218,099
1195,152,07 2,169,000,160,016
1002,03 2,218,195,152,032,161
1139,194,072,169,001,032,143
1139,194,073,255,045,028,020
1208,141,028,208,104,013,2 50
1028,208,141,028,208,104,015
1032,139,194,072,169,001,167
1032,139,194,073,255,045,048
1027,208,141,027,208,104,031
1013,027,208,141,027,208,202
1104,032,139,194,072,169,038
1001,032,139,194,073,255,028
1045,02 3,208,141,02 3,208,244

1104.013.02 3,208,141,023,114

1208.104.03 2,139,194,07 2,101
1169,001,032,139,194,073,2 22
1255,045,029,208,141,029,071
1208,104,013,029,208,141,07 3
1029,208,096, 169,000,160,038
1016,032,230,195,152,072,079
1 169, 000, 160,016,032,218,2 39
1195,152,141,038,208,104,2 32
1141,037,208,096,169,000,051
1160,008,032,230,195,140,171
1051,192,169,001,032,139,2 52
: 194, 013, 021, 208, 141, 021, 016
1 208, 096, 169, 000, 160, 008, 065
1032,2 30,195,140,051,192,014
1169,001,032,139,194,073,044
1255,045,021,208,141,021,133
1208,096,140,083,19 2,141,052
1034,192,032,2 53,174,076,009
12 36,195,140,083,192,141,191
1084,192,03 2,158,173,03 2,137
1170,17 7,140,085,192,141,121
5 086,192,056,173,085,192,006
1237,083,192,141,057,192,130
1173,086,192,2 37,084,192,198
1013,057,192,144,005,16 2,069
1014,108,000,003,173,066,142
1192,096,169,000,160,002,127
1032,230,195,192,000,208,115
1014,032,121,000,208,056,207

169,239,045,022,208,141,094
022,203,096,152,072,169,2 51
000, 160,016,032,218,195,159
152,072,169,000,160,016,113
032,218,195,140,035,208,122
104,141,0 34,208,104,010,157
010,010,010,072,073,255,248
045,022,208,141,022,208,214
104,013,022,208,141,022,084
208,096,076,008,17 5,169,056
000,160,002,032,230,195,205
192,000,208,014,03 2,121,159
000,208,2 37, 169,191,045,192
017,208,141,017,208,096,0 35
152,072,169,000,160,016,179
032,213,195,152,072,169,193
000 , 160 ,016, 032 , 218 , 195 , 243
152,072,169,000,160,016,197
032,218,195,140,036,208,207
104,141,035,208,104,141,117
034,203,104,010,010,010,022
010,010,010,072,073,255,082
045,017,208,141,017,208,038
104,013,017,208,141,017,164
208,096,169,000,160,016,063
03 2,230,195,140,051,192,004
120,165,001,041,2 51,133,137
001,169,000,133,098,169,002
208,133,099,169,000,133,180
100,173,051.192,010,010,236
133,101,160,000,177,098,119
14 5,100,200,208,249,230,076
099,230,101,165,099,201,101
216,208,2 39,16 5,001,009,050
004,133,001,083,173,024,153
208,041,240,013,0 51,192,2 25
141 ,024,203,096, 169,000, 124
160,040,032,230,195,152,045
072,169,000,160,025,032,212
213,195,152,170,173,052,208
192 , 240, 067 , 169 ,000 ,141,063
053,19 2,141,054,192,224,116

50466 1000,240,020,169,040,024,015
50472 1109,053,192,141,053,192,012
50478 1173,054,192,105,000,141,199
50484 1054,192,202,208,2 36,104,024
50490 1024,109,053,192,141,053,113
50496 1192,173,054,192,105,000,012
50502 5 141,054,192,014,053,192,204
50508 1046,054,19 2,014,053,192,115
50514 1046,054,192,014,053,192,121
50520 1046,054,192,096,104,168,236
50526 1024,032,240,255,096,032,005
5053 2 1158,17 3,16 5,013,201,255,041
505 38 : 208, 070, 032, 166, 182, 074, 0 70
50544 1105,000,141,051,192,169,002

505 50 1020,056,237,051,192,133,039
50556 1211,032,033,171,169,013,241
50562 1032,210,255,096,032,161,143
50568 : 183, 2 24, 000, 240, 037, 2 24, 020
50574 1003,176,033,224,001,240,051
50580 1002,162,000,189,000,2 20,209
50536 1041,015,073,015,170,189,145
50592 1167,197,168,03 2,16 2,17 9,041
50598 1096,000,001,002,000,003,012
50604 1005,006,000,004,007,008,202
50610 1162,014,108,000,003,032,241
50616 1161,183,224,000,240,244,212
50622 1224,003, 176,240,224,001,034
50628 (240,002,16 2,000,189,000,021
50634 1220,041,016,0 74,074,0 74,189
50640 1074, 073, 001, 168, 032, 162, 206
50646 1179,096,173,052,192,208,090

506 52 1048,173,024,208,141,052,093
506 58 1192,041,015,009,072,141,184
50664 1024,208,169 ,003 ,141, 002, Oil
50670 1221,169,004,141,000,221,226
50676 117 3,022,208,009,016,141,045
50632 1022,208,169,000,141,053,0 75
50683 1192,141,054,192,173,017,001
50694 1208,009,032,141,017,203,109
50700 1096,096,076,008,17 5,032,239
50706 1158,173,165,013,201,255,215
50712 1208,244,032,166,182,201 ,033
50718 1000,240,236,141,051,192,122
50724 : 160, 000, 169, 2 24, 024, 109, 2 10
50730 1054,192,141,054,192,120,027
50736 116 5,001,041 ,251,133,001,128
50742 : 177, 034, 140, 057, 192, 201, 037
50748 1032,176,003,076,202,198,235
50754 : 201, 064, 144, 037, 2 01, 096, 041
50760 1144,027,201 ,128,144,027,231
50766 i201 , 160 , 176 ,003 ,076 , 202 ,128
50772 1198,201,192,144,012,201,008
50778 1255,144,004,169,126,208,228
50784 1010,041,127,208,006,041,017
50790 1191,208,002,041,223,141,140
50796 105 5,192,169,000,141,056,209
50802 1192,162,003,014,055,192,220
50303 1046,056,192,202,203,247,047
50814 1173,056,192 ,024,105,208,116
50820 1141,056,192,17 3,053,192,171
50826 1133,098,173,0 54,192,133,153
5083 2 1099,173,055,19 2,133,100,128
50838 1173,056,192,133,101,160,197
50344 1007,177,100,145,098,136,051
50850 1016,249,173,053,192,024,101
50856 1105,008, 141, 053, 192, 173, 072
50362 1054,192,105,000,141,054,208
50868 1192,201,255,203,017,173,202
50874 10 53 , 192 , 201 ,064 ,208, 010 , 146
50880 :165, 2 24, 141, 054, 192, 169, 117
50886 -000,141,0 53 ,192,172,057,045
50392 .192,200,204,051,192,240,003
50898 1003,076,054,198,165,001,195
50904 1009,004,133,001,088,173,112
50910 1054,192,056,233,224,141,098
50916 1054,192,201,031,203,015,161
50922 1173,053,192,201,064,208,101
50928 1008,169,000,141,0 53,192,03 5
50934 1141,054,192,096,169,000,130
50940 1160,160,03,2,230,195,152,157
50946 :072, 169, 000, 160, 200, 032, 123

50952 1218,195,152,072,120,169,166

50953 1052,133,001,104,170,104,066
50964 1168,138,0 32,057,202,169,018
50970 1055, 133, 001, 088, 096, 173,060
50976 1052,192,240,029,169,003,205
50982 1141,002,221 ,169,007,141,207
50938 1000,221,17 3,052,19 2,141,0 55
50994 1024,208,169,000,141,052,132
51000 1192,173,017 ,208,041,22 3,142
51006 1141,017,208,096,169,000,181

51012

51013

51024

51030

51036

51042

51048

51054

51060

51066

51072

51073

51084

51090

51096

5U02

S1108

51114

51120

51126

51132

51138

51144

51150

51156

51162

51168

51174

51180

51136

51192

51198

51204

51210

51216

51222

51228

51234

51240

51246

51252

51258

51264

51270

51276

51282

51288

51294

51300

51306

51312

51318

51324

51330

51336

51342

51348

51354

51360

51366

51372

51378

51334

51390

51396

51402

51408

51414

51420

51426

51432

51438

51444

51450

51456

51462

51468

51474

51480

51486

51492

51493

51504

51510

51516

51522

51528

51534

51540

51546

51552

160,016,032,230,195,152,035

072,169,000,160,016,032,011

218,195,140,051,19 2,16 9,021

000,160,016,032,213,195,195

152,07 2,169,000,160,016,149

032 , 218, 195 , 140 , 033 , 208 ,156

104,160,000,141 ,134,002, 133

153,000,216,153,000,217,081

153,000,218,153,000,219,091

200,208,241,120,169,052,083

133,001,104,010,010,010,140

010,024,109,051,192,160,168

000 ,153, 000 ,203, 153, 000, 142

209,153,000,210,153,000,103

211,200,208,241,169,055,212

133,001,083,169,224,141,146

173,199,169,000,141,17 2,2 50

199,153,255,255,200,208,160

2 50,2 33,17 3,199,208,24 5,209

096,169,000,160,004,03,1,131

230,195,152,010,170,189,110

206,199,141,125,202,189,2 32

207,199,141,126,202,096,147

134,202,138,202,142,202,202

146,202,169,000,160,160,02 5

032,230,195,152,072,169,044

000,160,200,03 2,218,195,005

152,07 2,032,121,000,201,040

164,208,048,03 2,115,000,0 35

169,000,160,160,032,230,22 5

195,152,072,169,000,160,228

200,032,218,195,152,170,197

104,133,005,104,141,057,036

192,104,133,004,120,169,220

052,133,001,173,057,192,112

032,150,202,169,0 55,133,251

001,038,096,076,008,175,216

032,121, 000 ,208,014,169,066

000, 160, 024, 153, 05y, 192, U5

153,000,212,136,016,247,042

096 ,076,008,175,169,000,064

160,004,032,230,195,192,103

000,240,041,140,051,192,216

169,000,160,002,032,218,139

195,152,072,172,051,192,142

186,053,202,168,104,141,167

051,192,185,062,19 2,041,043

2 54,153,004,212,013,051,013

19 2,153,062,192,153,004,088

2 12 ,096, 162 , 014 , 108 ,000 , 1 36

003,169,000,160,004,03 2,2 24

230,195,192,000,240,240,191

140,051,192,032,253,174,193

032,158,173,032,155,188,100

172,051,192,185,053,202,223

168,165,101, 153, 058, 192, ail

15 3,000,212,16 5,100,153,163

059,192,153,001,212,096,099

169,000,160,004,032,230,243

195,192, 000 ,240,193,140,102

051,192,169,001,160,000,233

032,213,195,152,07 2,169,248

001,160,000,03 2,218,195,022

152,072,032,121,000,240,039

031,169,016,160,000,032,092

218,195,072,152,072,172,059

051,192,185,053,202,163,035

104,153,060,192,153,002,110

212,104,153,061,192,153,071

003,212,172,051,192,185,017

05 3,202,168,104,153,064,208

192,153,006,212,104,153,034

063,192,153,005,212,096,197

162,014,108,000,003,169,194

000,160,004,03 2,2 30,195,109

192,000,240,240,140,051,101

192,0 32,2 53,174,170,2 24,033

034,208,004,169,016,208,195

027,2 24,083,208,004,169,227

032,208,019,224,080,208,033

004,169,064,208,011,224,204

078 , 208 , 052 , 169 , 1 28 , 208 , 11 7

003,076,053,200,163,032,068

115,000,240,024, 170, 152 ,243

2 24,083,208,004,009,002,078

208,011,224,082,208,007,038

009,004,208,003,076,053,169

200,076,052,201,174,051,064

192,189,053,202,170,152,013

157,062,192,157,004,212,106

096,076,008,17 5,169,000,103

COMPUTEI's Gazette October 1985 137

51558 « 160,016,032, 230, 195, 152, 119
51564 i 01 3, 082, 19 2, 141, 082,1 92, 042

515 70 : 141 , 024 , 212 ,096 , 169 , 00B ,2S2
51576 : 160, 000, 032, 230, 195,010,23 5
51582 ! 010, 010, 010, 010, 141, 051, 102
515B8 !l92, 152, 041, 248, 074, 074, 145
51594 5074,013,051,192,141,051,148
51600 ! 192, 152, 041 ,007,152,173,093
51606 1051,192,141,080,192,141,179
51612 1022,212,140,079,192,140,173
51618 : 02 1,2 12, 096, 170, 169, 000,062
51624 =2 24,07 2,208,004,009,064,237
51630 1208,019,224, 066 , 208 , 004 ,13 5
51636 :009, 032, 208, 011, 224, 076, 2 28
51642 1208,004,009,016,208,003,122
51648 1076,008,17 5,168,03 2,115,2 54
51654 1000,240,005,170,152,076,073
51660 :16a, 201, 152, 01 3, 082, 192, 244
51666 ! 141, 002, 192, 141, 024, 2 12, 234
5167 2 1096,16 2, 01 4, 108, 000, 003,087

516 78 1169,000, 160,004,032, 230,049
51684 1195,192,000,240,240,140,211
51690 1051,192, 169,000, 160,002,040
51696 1032,218,195,152,174,0 51,038
51702 5 192,224,001,208,004,160,011
51708 1001,203,013,224,002.208,140
51714 1005,010,160, 002 , 208 , 004 ,135

517 20 1010,010,160,004,141,051,128
517 26 1192,152,073,2 55,045,081,044
51732 J 192, 61 3, 051, 192, 141, 081, 178
517 38 1192,141,023,212,096,169,091
51744 1000,160,016,032,2 30,195,153
51750 1152,010,010,010,010,013,243
51756 1031,192,141,081,192,141,104
51762 1023,212,096,000,000,007,132
517 68 1014,141,0 57,192,041,248,237
51774 1170,010,010,010,133,251,134
51780 1138,074,074,074,170,024,110

517 86 1105,224,133,252,138,074,232
51792 1074, 024, 101, 2 52, 13 3, 2 52, 1 48
51798 1152,010,144,003,230,2 52,109
51804 1024,041,248,101,2 51,133,122
51310 12 51,144,003,230,2 52,024,234
51816 1173,05 7,192.041,007,101,163
51822 :2 51, 133,2 51,152,041,003, 173

518 28 1 170, 189, 130, 202, 160, 000, 199
51834 1049,2 51,029,146,2 02,145.176
51340 : 2 51, 096, 063, 207, 243, 2 52, 2 16
51846 1000,000,000,000,064,016,214
51852 1004,001,123,03 2,008,002,059
518S8 1192,048,012,003,160,2 55,048
51864 1133,077,134,078,197,078,001
51870 1 144, 010, 160,001,132,080,173
51876 1056,229,078,076,17 7,262,214
51882 1132,080,165,078,056,229,142
S18S8 ! 077, 13 3, 006, 16(5. 2 55. Ifi-;. 204
51894 : 004 , 1 97 , 005 , 1 44 , 010 , 160 , 1 90
51900 1001,13 2,081,056,2 29,005,180
51906 1076,204,202,132,081,165,030
51912 1005,056,2 29,604,133,679,194
51918 I 162 , 000 ,134,003,134, 076 , 2 03
51924 1197,006,176,072, 165,006,066

519 30 1074,024,101,079,133,075,192
51936 1144,002,230,076,165,078,151
51942 1164,005,032,05 7,202,165,037
51948 1076,201,001,246,006,165,157
51954 1075,197,006,144,016,165,077
51960 1005, 024, 101, 081, 133, 005, 085
51966 1165,075,056,2 29,006,176,193
51972 1002,198,676,024,101,079,2 28
51978 1133,075,144,002,230,076,158
51984 1165,078,024,101,080,133,085
5 1 990 1078,165,003,2 30, 003 ,197,186
51996 1006, 208, 197, 096, 165, 079, 01 I
52002 1074,024,101,006,133,075,191
52008 1144,002,230,076,16 5,078,2 23
52014 il64 , 005 ,032 ,057 , 202 , 165 , 159
52020 1076,201 ,001 ,246,006,16 5,2 29
52026 !075, 197, 079, 144, 016, 165,222
5203 2 1078,024,101,080,133,078,646
52033 :165, 075, 056, 2 29, 079, 176,082
52044 1002, 190,076,024,101,006,227
52050 1133,675,144,002,230,076,230
S2056 1165,005,024, lt)l,0ai,133,0B5
52062 1005,165,003,230,003,197,185
52068 1079, 200, 197, 096, 01 3, 01 3, 194

138 COMPUTErs GatettB OCttASf 19B5

Gradebook

(See wstructions in article on page
65 before typing in.)

49152 « 169, 019, 133, 170, 169, 200, 092
49158 1133,168, 169,004,133,169,014
49164 1169,000,133,166,13 3,17 5,020
49170 ! 133, 171, 133, 172, 169, 005, 03 3
49176 1133,167, 133,176,169,128, 162
49182 1141,133,002,169,001,133,102
49138 .-139,169,142,032,210,255,215
49194 1169,008,032,210, 255,032,236
49200 1066,192,032,236,193, 162,161
49206 1020,160,000,136,208,253,663
49212 1202,208,250,076,050,192,014
49218 1169,000,133,006, 133,004,255
49224 1133,166,169.605,133,167,077
49230 1169,015,141,134,002,141,168
492 36 1033,208, 169, 147,03 2,210, 115
49242 12 55,169,000,141,032,208,127
49248 1169,011, 141,033,208,160,050
49254 1019,032,145,192,200,200,122
49260 1200,200,192,040,144,24 5,105
49266 1169,043,160,202,032,030,2 38
49272 1171,162,024,160,000,024,149
49278 1032,246,255,169,106,160,064
49284 1202,032,630,171,032, 184,015
49290 1192,032,084,201,676,232,187
49296 1198,032,161,192,162,025,146
49302 1169,066,145,002,032,170,222
49 308 1192,202,208,246,096,169,24 5
49314 1000,133,802,169,004,133,091
49320 1003,096,165,002,024,105.051
49326 1040,133,002,165,003,105.110
49 33 2 1000,133,003,096,165,006,071
49338 1170,133,173,160,000,032,086
49 344 1 161,192, 138,024,105,001,045
49350 1032,131,193,232,200,192,154
49356 1005,208,243,160,000,03 2,084
49362 1170,192,166,173,189,128,204
49 368 il01,O32,13l, 193,2 32, 200,081
49 374 1192,005,208,244,032,170,049
49330 1192,166,000,166,17 3,189,084
49386 1128,102,932,131,193,232,028

49392 1200,192.005,208,244,169,2 34

49393 1000,133.142,165,004,074,2 52
49404 1102,142,072,169,000,024,249
49410 1161,142,133.251,104,105,0 70
49416 1066,133,252,072,165,251,179
49422 1072,169,200,133,062,169,247
49428 1004,133,003,162,019,160,245
494 34 1000,177,2 51,208,002,169,065
49440 1032,145,002,200,192,619,110
49446 1208,243,165,2 51,024,105,010

49452 1020,133,251,16 5,2 52,105,202

49453 1006,133,252, 165,006,024,118
49464 1 101.251,133,251,16 5,2 52,185
49470 1105,006,133,252,160,000,200
49476 1177,251,032,131,193,200,020
49482 1192,005,208,246,104.024,085
49488 1105,128,133,251,168,104,201
49494 1105,000,133,2 52,072,152.032
49500 1072,03 2,170,192,202,208,200
49506 1182,166,006,160,006,189,633

49512 1128,103,032,131,193,232,155

49513 1200,192,005,268,244,160,095
49 524 1039,185,192,007,009,120,164
49536 1153,192,007,136,016,245,103
49536 1104,104,096,133,005.138,196
49542 1072,152,072.610,010.024,218
49548 1105,020,168,162,002,169,2 54
49554 1047,149,247,202,016,249,032
49560 1162,600,165,005,201,201,118
49566 1208.012,162,002,189,233,196
4957 2 1193,149,247,202,016,248,195
49578 1048,017,246,247,056,253,013
49584 1230,193,016,248,024,125,244
49590 1230,193,2 32,2 24,003.208,248
49596 1239,162,000,134,253,101,133
49602 1247,201,048,208,010,165,049
49608 1253,208,004,169,032,208,050
49614 1004,169,048,230,2 53,145,031
49620 1002 , 200, 2 32, 224, 002 , 144 , 248
49626 1230,230,253,224,003,144,022
4963 2 1224,104,168,104,170,096,066
49630 1100.010,001,03 2,042,032,191
49644 1169,000,133,198,16 5,167,044
49650 1133,176,165,166,133,175,166
49656 1032,226,198,072,03 2,138,228

49662

49668

49674

49680

49686

49692

49698

49704

49710

49716

49722

49728

49734

49740

49746

49752

49758

49764

49770

49776

49782

49780

49794

49800

49806

49812

49818

49824

49030

49836

49842

49848

49854

49860

49866

49872

49870

49884

49890

49896

49902

49908

49914

49920

49926

49932

499 38
49944
49950
49956
49962
49960
49974
49986
49986
49992
49998
50004
50010
50016
50022
50028
50034
50040
50046
50052
50658
50064
50070
50076
50002
56608
50094
50100
50106
50112
50118
50124
50130
50136
50142
50148
50154
50160
50166
50172
50178
50184
5O190
50196
50202

1198,165,139,133,181,104,150

;201, 095, 208, 008, 165,139,052

1073,004,133,139,208,232,031

1201,019,208,02 3,174,141,014

1002,208,018,032,084,201,055

1169,000,13 3,006,133,064,217

1133,175,169,065,13 3,176,057

1076,072,194,201,013,240,068

1004,201,017,208,043,632,039

1084,201,166,176,224,023,158

1208,018,165,004,201.051,193

1240,062,230,004,198,181,151

1208,2 38,032,184,192,076,23 2

1232,198,230,176,165,176,229

=201,003, 208, 005, 024, 105, 116

1002,13 3,176,076,068,194,22 5

1201,145,208,048,032,084,044

1201,164,176,166,175,240,198

1006.192, 001, 208, 006, 240, 247

1020,192,605,240.616, 198,015

1176,165,176,201,004,208.024

1065,056,233,002,133,176,217

1076, 139,194, 165,004,240,180

1002,198,004,198,181,203,159

1214,676,072,194,201,157,032

=203,035,032,084,201,166,106

1175,240,010,164,176,192,087

1005,176,013,224,001,208,019

1009, 166,006,240,007,198,024

1006,076,178,194,193,17 5,231

1198,181,208,2 27,076,07 2,116

1194,201,029,208,029,03 2,109

1084,201,166,175,224,005,021

1208,011,166,006,224,095,138

1240,007,230,006.676.211,204

1194,230, 175, 198, 131, 208, 114

123 3,076,072,194,201,032,2 54

1 144,007,201,091 ,176,003,074

1076,067,199,201,020,208,229

1016,165,171,240,012,198,010

1171,164,171,169,032,145,066

1168,200,145,168,096,201.190

1092.208,075,165,006,133.161

1181,03 2,084,201,176,063,2 25

1032,245,199,169,100,133,116

1006,165,166,133,132,169,065

1001,
i230,
1182,
il62,
i240,
1032,
iO06,
i208,
i032,
i201,
il97,
il62,
il45,
iO03,
i202,
iO00,
1032,
1076,
i201,
il93,
1032,
1084,
1008,
il73,
il60,
il92,
1160,
1034,
il60,
1076.
il27,
il98,
il69,
1024,
i201,
il60,
il69,
1015,
i255,
1032,
il98,
1044,
i201,
i255,
i255,

133,166
166,032
133,166
000,160
255,169
030,171
032,226
007,169
096,196
147,208
208,642
039,160
002,136
202,208
162,071
145,002
229,203
072,194
019,208
032,047
002,204
240,023
168,032
024,105
204,032
2 55,16 5
204,032
202,169
104,056
220,195
032,022
176,119
006,162
032,213
084,240
000,024
015,032
162,008
169,000
192,255
255,032
208,249
044,246
076,011
201,613

,032,
,194,
,032,
,020,
,126,
,165,
,198,
,001,
,076,
,056,
,032,
,600,
,208,
,246,
,160,
,136,
,202,
,076,
,065,
,198,
,165,
,169,
,186,
,003,
.189,
.173,
,189,
,002,
,032,
,201.
,198,
,032,
,000,
,255,
,069,
,032,
,195,
,160,
,032,
,162,
,207,
.032,
,006,
.196,
,200,

194,201,233
201,165,244
245,192,212
024.032,178
160,202,170
181,133,248
201,016,221
133,132,248
072,194,220
032,254,196
034,202,025
169,201,047
251,230,033
032,034,053
619.169,117
016,249,144
208,241,205
248,193,211
032.022,161
176.057,072
142,201,116
015,162,069
255,165,196
162,033,144
255,032,010
162,036,127
255,032,022
162,128,109
216,255,241
012,203,080
032,047,144
002,204,167
160,066,255
165,142,023
162,004,214
240,255,171
255,169,045
032,186,043
189,255,122
015,032,172
255,201,126
207,255,235
032,210,235
032,207,029
249,169,097

53322
50328

50346
50352
50358
50364

50208 ! 01 5, 032, 195,255,032,204,253
50214 J255, 169,002,032,195,255, 178
502 20 1032,036,198,169,001,133,101
50226 1192,165,001,009,032,133,070
50232 .001,169,041,160,203,03 2,150
5023B 1030,171,032,226,198,076,027
S0244 1002,204,201,001,208,011,183
50250 1032 ,084 , 201 , 176 ,003 ,032 , 090
502 56 1055,203,076,07 2,194,201,113
50262 1016,240, 003 , 076,066 ,197,172
50268 1169,000,133,182,032,207,047
50274 1203, 138, 240, 236, 165, 006, 062
50280 ! 024, 10i, 166, 133, 253, 024, 037
50286 1 105 , 019 , 1 33 , 005 , 169 , 000 , 029
50292 .133,002,169,066,13 3,303,110
50298 1169,004,162,004,160,000,109
50304 103 2,186,25 5,169,000,032,934
50310 1189,255,032,192,255,162,195
50316 1004,03 2,201,2 55,165,166,195
1005,182,240,075,165,182,227
[240,013,169,014,160,203,183
50334 1 032, 030, 171, 169, 120, IJJ, 045
50340 1005,208,052,169,2 30,160,2 20
■202,032,030,171,166,253,000
1032,225,197,032,016,198,108
1169,250,160,202,032,030,001
1171,164,2 53,136,185,128,201
50370 1101,170,032,225,197,032,183
50376 1016,198,169,106,160,202,027
50382 1032,030,171,164,253,136,224
50388 1185,128,103,170,03 2,2 2 5,031
50394 1197,032,016, 198, 032, 016, 197
50400 : 198, 032, 225, 255, 240. 083, 233
50406 1169.254,133,181,032,225,200
50412 1255,240,074.160,000,177,118
50418 1002,201,027,176,006,009,151
50424 1064,208,002,169,032,03 2,243
50430 1210,255,200,192,019,208,058
50436 1236,16 5,166,005,18 2,240,230
50442 1036. 164 ,005 , 177 , 002 , 201 ,083
50448 1201,144,008,169,042,032,100
50454 1210,2 55,076,031,197,170,193
50460 1032,2 25,197,16 5,182,240,045
50465 1012,169,032,032,210,255,232
50472 1164,005,200,230,181,208,004
50478 1222,032,229,203,032,016,012
50484 5 198,198,190,208,168,169,159
50490 1004,032,195,255,032,204,012
50496 1255,096,201,024,208,006,086
50502 1032,254,197,208,003,000,2 52
50508 1201,004,240,003,076,219,051
50514 1197,032,172,198,201,067,181
50520 1208,045,032,207,203,165,180
50526 1166,240,122,024,101,006,241
5053 2 1133,142,105,019.168,032,137
50538 1034,202,169,201.145,002,091
50544 103 2,229,203,202,208,246,208
50550 1164,142,136,169.201,153,059
50556 1128,103,153,128,101,153,12 2
S0S62 .128,102.076,072,194,201,135
50568 1082,208,080,16 5,167,201,015
50574 1003,144,074,165,166,07 2,2 54
50580 1169,000,133,181,133,166,162
50586 1032,131,199,104,13 3,166,151
50592 116 5,002,024, 105,128,133,205
50598 5 251,165,003,105.000,133.05 5
50604 1252,160,000. 177, 251, 192,180
50610 5000,208,006,041,2 23.208,096
50616 1002,230,181,145,002.200,176
50622 1192,128,208,2 37,032,229,192
50628 1203,16 5,181,240,215,160,080
50634 1 127 , 169 , 201 , 145 , 002 , 136, 214
50640 1192,019,208,249,169,000,021
50646 1145,002,136.016,251,032,028
50652 1184,192.076,07 2,194,138,052
50658 5 160,003,136,048,005,217,027
50664 : 230, 19 3. 176, 248, 152, 048, 255
50670 1009,200.169,032,032,210,122
50676 12 55,136,208,348,159,000,236
50682 1032,205,189,096,169,200,117
50688 .160,202,032,208,198,03 2,064
50694 .2 26,198,201,089,008.032,248
50700 1188,198,040.096.169,013,204
50706 1032,210,255,096,032,084.215
50712 .201,162,254,181,001,157,212
507 18 .000 , 207 , 202 , 208 , 248 , 096 ,223
50724 116 2,254,189,000,207,149,229
50730 5001,202,208,249,096,169.198
50736 1166,160,202,03 2,209,198,245
50742 1032.226,198,201,084,133,160
50748 1142,208,004,162,001,208,017

50754 1011,201,068.240,005,032,111
53760 1188,198,056,096,152,009,012
50766 1 159 ,002 , 160 , 001 , 032 , 186 ,116
50772 1255,032,188,199,169,185,087
50778 : 160, 202, 032, 208, 198, 169. 03 5
50784 1000.133,204,133,17 3,032,003
50790 5 226.198,201,013,240,028,240
50796 5201,020,240,044.201,032,078
50802 1144,241,201 ,091,176,237,180
50808 5 164,17 3,153,036,204,032,114
50814 1210,255,230,173,165,173,052
50920 5 201,012.208,221,03 2,188,226
50826 5 198.169,001 ,133,204,16 5,240
50832 1173,240,180,162,036,160,071
50838 1204,032,189.255,024.095,182
50844 1165,173,240,197,169,194,014
50850 .160,202,032,030,171,198,197
50856 5173,076,101,198,169,146,007
50852 1160,202,032,209,198,032,2 38
50868 12 26,198,072,032,188,198,070
50874 .104,096,169,032,160,018,2 53
508B0 1153,160,004,136,016,2 50,143
50886 1 096 , 169 , 000 ,13 3, 002 ,169,255
5089 2 1066,133,003,096,072,152,214
50898 1072,162,004,160,000,024,120
50904 1032,240,2 5 5,104,168,104,095
50910 1032,030,171 ,096,032,229,04 3
50916 12 55,240,2 51,095,03 2,055,133
50922 1199,032,084,201,032,055.069
509 28 : 199, 165,175, 133, 165,165,219
50934 1176,133,167,032,161,192,083
50940 1166,167,03 2,170,192,202,157
50945 5 208.250,166,166,189,049,006
50952 1199,024,101,002,133,168,123
50956 . 165 ,003 , lOS ,000 , 133 , 169 ,077
50964 5 160,002,165,166,208,002,211
50970 1160,018,132,170,032,184,210
50976 5 192,164,173,17 7,168,009,144
50982 1 128,145, 168,135,016,247, 110
50989 .169,000,133,171,096,000,101
50994 1 020, 024 ,02Q , 332 ,036 , 164, 098
51000 1170,177,168,041,127,14 5,116
51006 5 168,136,016,247,096,072,02 9
51012 .166, 166, 20R, 010, 201, 03 2, 083
51019 5 240,006,201,065,176,002,2 52
51024 : 104, 096, 16 5, 17 1,208, 009, 06 5
51030 1164,170,169,032,145,169,156
51036 1136,016,249,104,201,065,095
51042 1144,003,056,233,064,164,250
51048 1171,072,032,131,199,104,045
51054 .009,129,145,168,162,018,228
51060 116 5,166,240,002,162,002,085
51066 .228,171,240,002,230,171,140
51072 1132,17 2,096,16 9,000,133,062
51078 1142,165,004,074,102,142,251
51084 1072,169,000,024,101,142,136
51090 .133,002,104,105,066,133,177
51096 1003,166,16 7,202,224,003,149
51102 1176,035.138,024,105,101.22 5
51108 5 133,003.16 5,306,024,105,088
51114 1128,133.002,165,003,105,194
51120 1000,133,003,166,166,202,0 79
51126 1138,024,101,002,133,002,070

51132 116 5,003,105,000,133,003,085

511 33 1096,202,232,202,202,240,058
51144 5006,032,229,203,202,208,056
51150 1250,166.166,240,027.155,196
51156 1006,024,101,002,133,002,224
51162 1165,003,105,000,133.003,115
51168 116 5,002,024,12 5,2 39,199,210
51174 1133,002.165,003,105,000,126
51180 1133,303,096,000,020,021,253
51186 5 022.023,024,032,34 3,201,07 5
51192 1169,128,133,002,16 9,101,18 2
51199 1133,003,032,240,200,132,226
51204 1140,133,141,03 2,20 7,203,092
51210 5 134,177,169,020,133,002,133
51216 1169,366,133,003,16 5,140,180
51222 5133,173,165,141,133,174,173
51228 103 2,240,200,0 32,14 5,179,088
51234 1032,015,188,164.17 3,165,003
51240 1174,032,145,179,032,244,078
51246 1203,144,001,096,032,2 26,236
51252 5 186,032,226,186,032,073,019
51258 1184,032,161,183,138,160,148
51254 1100,145,002,33 2,2 29,203,037
51270 1198,177,208,202,032,043,162
51276 1201,03 2,237,203,134,177,006
51282 5 169,020,13 3,002,169,056,129
51288 1133,003,15 9,000,13 3,142,156
51294 1 160 , 007 , 1 5 3 , 050 , 303 , 1 36 , 101

S1300 1016,230,133,178.164,178,2 51
51306 5 185,128,102,240,090,201,028
51312 1201,176,078,133,173.164,013
51319 1179,177,002,201,201,176,029
51324 :068, 165, 173, 101, 142, 133, 139
51330 1142,164,173,169,000,032,042
51336 1145,179,032,015,188,164,091
51342 1 178, 185, 128,101 ,158, 169,047
51349 1003,03 2,145.17 9,03 2,244,012
513 54 1 203 ,144,001, 096 ,032,015,133
51360 1199,154,179,17 7,002,168,013
51366 1169,000,032,145,179,165,088
51372 1097,032,043,196,169,060,247
51378 5 160,003,032,140,186,032,219
51334 5 106,184,162,060,160,003,091
51390 1032,212,167,230,178,155,170
51395 1178,201,100,208,159,165,18 3
51402 .142,201,100,240,004,169,034
51408 1201,208,014,169,060,160,252
51414 1003,032,162,137,032,07 3,191
51420 .184,032,161,183,138,160,054
51426 5 101,145,002,032,2 29,203,170
51432 1198,177,240,303,076,090,248
51438 1200,096,159,000,133,005,073
51444 5 133,253,160,099,177,002,044
51450 1231,201,144,024,185,128,109
51456 1101,201,201,176,030,155,106
51462 .173,056,2 49,128,101,133,078
51468 117 3,16 5,174.233,000,133,122
51474 1 174 ,076,035 , 201 , 165 ,005 , 162
51480 1024,113,002,133,005,165,210
51486 5 2 53,105,000,133,2 53,136,142
51492 5 016,210,164,005,165,253,081
51498 5096,162,016,169,000,149,122
51504 5097,202,016,249,096,169,109
51510 1023,133,002,169.067,133,066
51516 5 003,160,108,169,217,160,109
51522 5 202,032,208,198,056,096,090
51528 1032,131,199,177,168,145,156
51534 .002,136,016,249,024,096,089
51540 1032,055,199,164,170,192,128
51545 .019,240,235,169,000,133,117
51552 1005,133,171,162,002,177,234
51558 1158,201,042,208,012, 165 ,130
51564 5 167,201,003,144,206,169,230
51570 1201,133,005,208,061,056,010
51576 1233,048,2 40,020,201,240,078
51582 1240,017,133.253,165,005,171
51588 1024,125,2 30,193,133,005,074
51594 .176,179,198,253,208,242,114
51600 =202,136, 016, 209, 165, 167, 015
5 1606 1201,003,144,026, 165 , 006 ,183
51612 1024, 101, 165, 168, 136, 165, 16 8
51618 1123,101,201,201,203,332,23 5
51624 1159,003,197,005,144,14 5,060
51630 5 165,005,201,201,176,139,037
51636 1160.000,032,131,199,155,099
51642 1005,145,002,032,194,201,2 53
51648 1024,096,032.043,201,032,108
516 54 1207,203,138,240,085,165,212
51660 1006,024,101,166,133,142,008
51666 5 105,019,168,032,034,202,002
51672 5 169,000,133,005,133,2 53,141
51678 5 177,002,201,201,144,005,184
51664 5 198.190,076,244,201,024,137
5 1690 1 1 01 , 005 , 133 , 005 ,165,2 53,128

516 96 1105,000,133,2 53,032,2 29,224
51702 1203,202,208,223,165,253,225
51708 1164,005,032,145,179,03 2,041
51714 1012,188,164,190,240,024,052
51720 1169,000,03 2,145,179,032,053
51726 5 244,203,144,001,096,032,222

517 32 .073,184,032,161,183,136,02 3
517 38 .164,142,136.153,128,103,094
51744 5024,096,169,000,133,002,200
51750 1169,066,133,003,096,019,012
51756 1029,029,029,029,029,029,218
51762 5065,083,033,073,071,078,247
51768 5077,069,078,084,032,035, 175
51774 .013,029,029,029,029,029,220
51790 1029,083,069,092,070,069,211
51786 .067,384,032,077,065,082,22 5
51792 1075,013,029,029,029,029,028
51799 1029,029,029,029,037,032,015
51804 1079,070,032,071 ,082,055,235
51813 5068,069,013,078,065,077,212
51816 1069,000,06 5,086,069,082,219

51322 .065,071,069,032,032,032,155

51323 1032,032,032,032,032,032,052
51834 5032,032,032,000,055,386,113
51840 1071,029,070,073,078.029,2 22

COMPUTErs Gazette October 1985 139

31846 1032, 032, 032,029,032,032,86 7
51852 1032,329,032,032,03 2,000,041
51858 : 018,040,082, 041, 079, 087, 237
51864 ! 03 2, 079, 082, 032, 040, 067, 2 28
51870 ! 041, 079, 076, 085, 077, 078, 032
51876 !l46,00O,Oie,U40,0!J4,B41,237
518B2 ! 065, 080,069, 032, 079, 082, 065
51868 :0 32, 040, 068, 041,073, 083, 001
51894 !075, 146, 000, 018, 078, 065, 052
51900 ! 077, 069, 063, 146, 032, 000, 063
51906 !032, 157, 157, 032, 157,000, 217
51912 5018,032,065,082,069,03 2,242
51918 ! 089,079, 085,032, 083,085, 14 7
51924 : 382, 069, .063, 146, 000, 018, 078
51930 :36a, 065, 084, 065, 032, 069, 089
51936 1082, 082, 079, 082, 146, 000, 183
51942 !365, 083, 083, 073, 07 1,078, 171
51948 !377, 069, 0 78, 084, 032, 0 78, 142
51954 1065,077,066,069,082,032,141
51960 1032,000,080,069,082,070,069
51966 .069 ,067 , 084 , 032 ,077 ,065 ,136
51972 1082,075,032,032,032,032,033
51978 1032,032,032,000,078,065,2 49
51984 1077,069,03 2,032,03 2,03 2,03 4
51990 :032,03a, 032, 032, 032, 032, 214
51996 1032,0 32,03 2,03 2,03 2,065,253
52002 5086,071,032,370,073,078,188
52008 1000,013,013,07 2,073,084,039
52014 1032,065,078,089,032,075,161
52020 1069,089,000,03 2,207,203,140
52026 1224,002,176,001,096,230,019
5203 2 1190,169,018,133,184,169,159
52038 1000,133,185,169,176,141,106
52044 116 5,203,165,166,240,019,010
52050 5 165,006,024,101,166,024,056
52056 1105,019,13 3,185,169,001,188
52062 5 1 33 , 184 , 169 , 1 44 , 1 41 , 165 , 006
52068 1203,03 2,034,202,16 9,000,2 28
52074 1133,247,166,190,2 02,202,22 2
52080 1165,002,024,105,128,133,157
52086 12 51,165,003,105,000,133,007
52092 12 52,134,2 53,162,2 55,164,064
52098 1185,136,200,232,228,184,015
52104 1240,048,16 5,184,201,001,207
52110 5 208,007,177,2 51,209,002,228
52116 1076,163,203,177,002,341,042
52122 5 223,133,181,177,2 51,041,136
52128 i223, 197, 181, 240, 223, 176, 120
52134 1019,160,127,177,002,133,016
52140 I M2, 177,251, 145,002, 165,030
52146 1142,145,251,136,016,241,085
52152 1230,247,032,229,203,166,011
52158 1253,202,208,174,198,190,135
52164 116 5,190,201,002,240,004,2 30
52179 5 165,247,208,151,096,032,077
52176 1034,202,160,000,162,2 55,2 53
52162 5 2 32,177,002,041,223,208,073
52188 1003,134,190,096,0 3 2,229,136
52194 1203,176,2 41,165,002,024,013
52200 1105,128,133,002,16 5,003,000
52206 1105,000,133,003,056,096,119
52212 116 5,097,208,005,0 3 2,063,046
52218 1201,056,096,032,018,187,072
52 224 1024,096,17 3,024,208,073,086
52230 1032 , 141 , 024 , 208 , 173 , 136 ,206
52 236 =002, 073, 008, 141, 136, 002, 118
52242 1072,169,147,032,210,255,135
52248 1104,201,004,208,003,03 2,064
522 54 1078,192,096,083,048,058,073

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SUB LOGIC

Flijtit SimuWPI II .- S39.99

Oreltis 7.',." SI6.M

Prmeclor II S16.99

Serilinel S16.99

DISKETTES

maxeii

5V." MD.I SaOD S17.99

S'.i' Elfof-jrii SSfSD EM-1 S13 99

PRINTERS

CANNON

AiO CALL

LBP-6A1 LasK CAli

#CITIZEN

MSP-IO (BO CW.} S349 00

MSP-1S (t32 C<il,l $499 0)

MSP-KKMCol) H89 00

MSP-;5 (132 Cd.) M79 00

crroH

Prownler 7500.,.., S21900

Prowriler BSIOP 5299.00

Piowrller 15S0P .,.$459.00

F1O-40P StJwrllsr 1869.00

Prowriter 8510 -NLl] 1329.00

F10-S5 Primmaster S1O49 0O

COMMODORE THE CMO ADVANTAGE

EPSON

HX-10O. LX.60. JXaO CALL

FX-a5+. FX-1S5+. LQ1M0 CALL

Homevmier 10 CALL

NEW! LX-90. SO- 2000. OX- 10,

OX-ZO, H5J0 CALL

6000 Leticr Quality CALL

6100 lener Oujiity CALL

NEC

8027 Dot Malm $299 00

OKIDATA

182, 192, 193 CALL

Okimale-M $199 00

H OLYMPIA

CorrpacI 2
Corrpact FW .

Ffeedlepcint Dot MUni

$369 00
S339 00
S299D0

Panasonic.

Panasonic 309t

$279 00

•^iTsmn;

C Plus

Si»silVER-REeD

iOO Letter Dualiiy S279.00

550 LeBer Oualily $419.00

770 Letter Opallly t759.00

sltcnr

SB/SD/SG/SR CALL

PoOTrtype Letler QujJiiy CALL

SG-10C(C63 Interlace) SNEW

TOSHIBA

1340 (80 Col) $59900

P351 (132 Coll $129900

INTERFACES

C64 Parallel Inl $59.99

DIGITAL DEVICES

J.Pnnt C $49.99

ggOronge tllkfo

Grapple r CD una r1 ace.

..199 99

TYHAC

C64 P-inter Intartate.. .

Suee< Sitei* Graphics Pad.
CW Koala Pad ROM

.$69 99

$39 99

$59 99

Commodore
128 LCD
CALL

C12e Compuler INEW

C16T1 (Disk Drive tor Cm) INEIN

C19az (ROB 13 " Monitor lor CIZSItNEW

C1BTD IModeir lor ClZfl INEW

SX-54 PortatJie CALL

Commodore 64 $13900

CBM 4 Ptiis... $199,00

M-a01 Dor MalriK Pjrjilet $1B9 00

MCS 603 Oot Matrix $179 00

1520 Color PrinserOTo!!" S'29 00

1530 Qatasene $39 99

1541 Ois)! Onve $199 00

16S0 Auto Modem $5999

1702 Coior Monitor $19900

OPS DalsywhMl Printer $339 00

Oea Orjaniiei Lock ..$49 99

1311 Joystick.. .each 15 99

1312 Pamsies 11199

so 1 Disl: Drive $219.00

SO 2 Disk Drive $46900

INDUS

GT-C64 Drive $239.00

cardco, inc.

3 Slot MC Eipansion Interlace... .$32 99

6 Slot Eipansion Interface $79 99

Cassette Irtterlace S29 99

Cassette DecK S29 99

G. Wii IS§,99

MONITORS

31X1 Green $12900

30O Amter .$139.00

Color 300 Composite 1199.00

NEC

JB 1260 $59.99

J6 1201/1205 (ea.) I99.»

JB 1201/1205 ...(ea)J99 99

too 12- Green $99 99

105 12" Amber $99.99

IVM122 Amber ....179.99

ZVW123 Green $79 99

ZVM130 Color $269 00

WM131 Color $249.00

Composite CALL

MODEMS

TELE-LEARNINB

CM 300 Bauo $39 99

ANCHOR

Signalman Express 1299 00

UaMninQ 2400 Baud $399.00

nw miCROBITS

1064 309 Baud AD.'AA $69 99

THE BEST PRICES!

Nexl day shipping on all in
stock Items.

Free easy access order
inquiry

■ Orders from outside
Pennsylvania and Nevada
save stale sales lax

' Free technicial support with
our laciory trained technical
St ail.

• There Is no limit and no
deposit on C.O.D. orders.

• There's no extra charge for
using your credll card. Your
card is not charged until we

Ship,

■ No waiting period lor
cashiers checks

■ We accept purchase orders
Irom qualilied corporations.

Subject to approval,

'' Educational discounts
available to qualified

inslilulions.

FREE CATALOG MEMBERSHIP.

1 ■800-233-8950

in PA 1-800-242-4215

CUSTOMER SERVICE

AND

TECH SUPPORT

1-717-327-1450

Dept. A410

MAILING ADDRESS = Hs;

Computer Mail Order
D«pt. A410

477 East Ttiird Street
Williamsport, PA 17701

MEMBER OlFtCT MAPKfTINO .ASSOC'fiDr.

CREDIT CARDS

IV-X-^I

&

SHIPPING

Add 3%. minimum $5.00 ship-
ping and handling on all orders.
Larger shipments may recjuire
additional charges.
All items subiect to availability
and pnce change.
Returned shipments may be
subject to a restocking fee.

^1

1-800-268-3974

Ontario/Quebec

1-800-268-4559

Ottier Provinces

1-416-828-0866

In Toronto

TELEX; 06-218960

2505 Dunwin Drive.

Mississauga, Ontario

Canada L5L1T1

All prices shown are tor
U.S.A. orders.
Call The Canadian Office
for Canadian prices.

....^±^^c^»S:i*l^i;^^4; — ■

ABBY'S CARRIES A FULL SELECTION

OF SOFTWARE FOR YOUR COMMODORE

COMPUTER. CALL FOR CURRENT

PRICES.

ABBY'S SUPER BUYS

ATARISOFT VIC-20 (ROM)

Pac-Mijn, Donkey Kong, Centipede, and Defender

All Four Titles fot onlv $12 - PLUS — Receive

FREE your choice of one of [he following:
Crosslito (CI. Demon Attack IR) or Protector IR)

ATARISOFT C64IR0IVI) SID Each

Pac M.in. Rotratron, Defender, Jungle Hunt, Centipede

SPINNAKER (ROMJ $17 Each

Adventure Creator, Aegean Voyage, AH in the Color Caves,

Alphabet Zoo, Bubble Burst, Delta Drawing, Pacemaker,

Frat:tion Fever, Jukebox, Kids on Keys, Kindercomp,

Up For Grabs

FISHER PRICE iROMI m Each

Dance Fantasy, Memory Manor,

Linking Logic, Logic Levels,

Alpha Build, Hop Along Counting,

U|) & Add 'Em, Sea Speller," Number Tumbler

Wb Carry A Complete Line of Software.
The Following Is Just a Sample of our Products

ABACUS

Ada .,,,,, $39

Fortran $39

C-Basic $39

Ultrabasic $27

TAS-64 ! ! ! ' ! ^ $69

Basic 64 , 536

Assembler- Editor S36

Power-Plan $49

Anatomy of the Commodore (Book) SI 9.95

Anatomy of the Commodore (Disci . . , $14.00

Anatomy of the 1541 IBookl SI 9.95

Anatomy of the 1541 IDiscI $14.00

CBS

Felony S27

Murder By Dozen $27

Success With Math Series Each S21

INFQCOM

Deadline .$35

Enchanter ,,,,.,..,... $27

Hitch Hiker $27

Infidel , $29

Sorcerer $29

Witness $27

Invisaclues each $7

Wishbringer . . . , , S29

i <• I' f
f " i ^-

•# .-J .m V f
J '■! "if

MICRGPRQSE

Ail Rescue I , , S24

F-15 Strike iagia .S2S

Kennedy Approach S24

NATO Commander S24

Decision In The Desert $25

Crusede In Europe , , $25

EPYX

Temple Trilogy . , , , CALL

Fast Load IRI $26

Summer Gnmos (I S26

Rail Ulaiur $26

Rescue on Fraculus , . , S26

Robots of Dawn $26

Jet Combat Simulator , S26

Winter Games $26

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Hard Hat Mack , ..S12

M.U.LE ,S17

Music Construction Set $17

Realm ot Impossibility S17

7 Cities of Gold $24

Adv. Construction Kit $28

Archon St 7

Archon II S24

Financial Cookbook .,,.,,, $28

One On One , $24

Pinball Construction .$14

Standing Slones $12

Murdor/Zintierneuf $17

Sky Fox $26

Racing Destruction Set , .$28

Mall Ordor Monster $28

SSI

Kampfgruppe $43

Field of Fire $29

O|)f:raiion Market Garden $37

Coriipuler Quarterback $29

Uattle (or Normandy $29

Droadsidos $29

Rails Wast S29

Computer Baseball $29

Baltic BS $27

Combat Leader $29

Geimstone Warrior $27

HARDWARE

1670 Modem CALL

C 128 Computer. $279

1571 Disk Drive S259

1 572 Dual Disk Drive $399

1902 Color Monitor $279

Okimate 10 W/lnterface $199

Complete Line of Epson Printers and

Star Printers Starting at $149

!■

J. ,d

if m

r f

a

1 #

if 1 i •

1\

1

TOP HITS

Slap Shot SI 5

Reach for the Stars $39

Fleet System $65

Bank St Writer $54

Paperclip/Speller $85

Homepak $37

B/Graph $29

Cave of the Word Wizards $24

Beachhead II S29

CSM 1541 Disk Alignment S39

Print Shop $31

Indiana Jones , , . , , S24

Bank St. Musicwritef $39

Home Accountant $59

Net Worth $71

Adv. Writer $32

Code Writer S69

Super Base $59

Ghostbusters S25

Star League Baseball S2B

On Field Football S25

Doodle S29

Dow Jones S27

CompuServe . S24

Micro League Baseball S31

Team Disk Hor above) S16

Movie Maker S39

Master Type (Rl $29

Flight Sim. tl ID or CI $39

Mr. Nibble $34

Mach 5 $29

VIP Terminal II $36

Karateka $24

Europe Ablaie $39

Koronis Rift $29

Load Runner Rescue CALL

Carriers at War $39

ABBY'S HARDWARE SPECIAL

1530 DATASETTE

Retaib for $G9.9S

ABBY'S PRICE

24

95

This is new, full warranty Commodore

producl. Even if yau have riisk ilrive,

don't be catight without backup. Anil

foi this price, vo" can't miss!

ACCESSORIES & BOOKS

Print Shop Paper Refill $13

Disk Notcher S 6

Ribt)on Cartridge For Okimate 10, , S6

1 28 K Upgrade for C-1 28 , . SI 79

334 K Upgrade for C-128 , , S369

Covers for All Computers & Accessories $8 & Up

G-WIZ $59

Koala Pad (Dl , ... $59

Bulk Disks, SSDD (Elephant or IVashuaHIF BOUGHT BY lOCSI $1 Per Disk

Order Line

1-800-282-0333

ORDERS ONLV! Sales Personnel Do

Not Have Information on
Previous Orders or Product Specs.

ALL TITLES ON DISK UNLESS MARKED (R) FOR ROM CARTRIDGE

M-F 10 a.m.-? p.m.; Sat. 10-3 ET
37 S. Broad Street, Fairborn, OH 45324

Customer Service
1-513-879-9699

Prepaid orders over S50 receive free shipping. UPS, continental US, No waiting period wfien paid bv credit card,
certified chech or money order. Add $2 shipping and handling on orders under $90. Add SB for COD orders. S15
Minimum for VISA/MC. Hardware requires additional freight charges, Ohio residents add 5.5% sales tax. All items
subject to availability and price change.

PLEASE CITE AD NUMBER WHEN ORDERING.

NEW LOWER PRICES

SAME GREAT SERVICE

FAST DEPENDABLE SERVICE — Your Order or) ir\ stock items is shipped UPS ground the noxl bus'ness day UPS 2na day and next day air available.

"If we don't have the lowest price — give us a chance to beat it."

Commodore 128

1571, 1572 disk drives, 1902 monitor,
1670 modem, & Software for the CI 28

PACKAGE DEALS AVAILABLE ON CI2S and DISK DRIVES!
CALL FOR DETAILS

CLOSBOUT PRICES ON C64, 1541, and 1702

PANASONIC

t090 S!86.9S

1091 S236.S5

1092 S349.00

1093........ SCALL

OK1WATE10 S339.00

HUSH BO CD

LX-eo .

LX-aoiracWfeed.'-.'K
Homewrltor io. sl,^^!^

'TCHides inlorlaca "S-l.OO

RX-loo $323.95

^J-iooV/Hieo/Dxif""

SCALL

LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS

CARDCO LOMI S194.9S

CARDCO LQI S299.00

mil

cordco. Inc.

SG-10C $236.00

SG-10 SCALL

SG-15 S364.00

SD.10 S3Z3.95

POWERTVPE $299.00

WRfTE OR CALL FOR FREE 40 PAGE CATALOG

SUPER GRAPHIXir

prinler interface S46.95

SUPER GRAPHIX printer
inlerfacG w 8k

buffer S79.95

GPI Interface...., S49.99

FONT MASTER S24.95

^ PRINTER INTERFACES ^

Cardco?/G S47.95

CardcoG WIz SCALL

Tymac Connection. . . S67.9S

MW-350 SCALL

MW-350 buffer $20.00

Grapler CD $87.95

1985

SPECIALS

Prices ujpiro Ocl 31

• Indus GT Sai6.95

• Poparcllp $47.95

*ConBultant $53.95

*MSDSDII $409.95

*Vl7flslflr S86.95

-* CompuServe Starter Kit. . S19.95

PRO-LINE

^a 11 1 1 1 e □ p TUt/AR E

C POWER

C COMPILER S69.99

CAOPIC S36.9S

CASHBOX S36.95

Wordpro64 S36,95

Spellpro 64 .S32.95

Mailpro64 $24.95

Profile 64 536.95

PAL 64 $32.95

POWER 64 $32.95

TOOLBOX 64 $69.95

MODEMS

$29.95

TOTAL

TELEMODEM

1660 $49.95

WESTRIDGE AUTO S59.9S

MITEY MO..... S59.9S

MPP 1064 S54.95

VIP TERMINAL S29.9S

DEALEn INQUIRIES IHVITED

PLEASL NOTE When m; .li.k yoii 1(1
ta>l (or n ptict! II 3 byciusu p^ictfS ori
thow Hems HiG vo(a!ilo, and wo want (o
tie &uro WQ can give you Iho lowest
prices ^e carL

Practlcalc 64(d) or tt)..|1^;||

Pracimie ..■■•■

PrograiTimable 524.96

Spreadstieet.

MONITORS

SAKATA SCI 00

13' COLOR $159.00

Zenith 12" Amber $83.95

Zenith 12" Green $82.95

NEC 12" Green $69.95

Cable for monitors 59.95

WORD PROCESSORS

wordpto HA m s:iii Wj

Wmdpto 3 > IJ4 (d( IMOO

FKiol Syilum II (d) SCALL

PacrardlipW) . $47 9i

P.iporcllp w Spollp«k Wl $69 99

CaidHlWr<lnNaw64(i:| S37DO

OmniWnlet Spclloc (d) 139 9S

M.rage ProlossionsJ W P (d( $3694

Xslcc Foni Maslet (d) $24 95

TiiolQ) SMSe

Time Word Wriler [i)j. na «pe<.. . $199S

DATABASES

CoriJ.ul1anl ld|. $W9S

Mirad^D Dalobaw w R£3I Qim (dl $36 95

SiipcibaiicM (d) SIJ 9b

I'rncl.rilo Id! $17 95

Uala M.maijot II . $26 95

SPREADSHEETS

Viiaslnr (d.e) $85 9S

Practicalc (d) w (I) $17 95

Calkil $39.95

Pro^ammablo Sproadsheel . S24 95

Calc RbsuII Ad» (d.c) $67.00

Ca'c HoELill Easy (cad). W3.99

Cordto Calc Now 64 (t)) $31 .95

Bl HARDWARE

BI-BO

Busc^rd 11

CARDCO

Light Pen $^9 t>0

Numetic Keypad $36 OO

S siel expansion CB 6 S5B 00

Mad NOW 64 (d) iai .05

Spell FMw Id) S31 95

UTiLrriES

CSM 1541 Align (d) ..$3J95

Simons Basic $59 95

Canada AM Id) $39 95

Merlin 64 (dl $33 95

INTEGRATED SOFTWARE

.$106.95 Tnq (0) . . $64 96

. SCALL HEimopak (d) . . $39 99

Vi^a^.Mi $B6 96

MISCELLANEOUS

KOBlnpaa wPBimoi . ..$64.95

Koala Prinlut (dl $CALL

Kid Pro Olio (dK^i $27 99

Ssniync Potsonol Acct. |d| $32 g&

FCM(a) $19 »

Com. Home Acci (d) $46.95

Comjiiolo Personal Acel (d)- . . $54 00

S4 Doctor (d| $24.95

Timewprtis Invenlocy. AP, AR. C F,
Genorsi Lodger. Payioli Id) . . $40.95 ea
PC Pal Pfinlci EUnd $19 95

1511 Eic'e55 SCALL

Fasi CaWo iCALL

DISKS

Maicli SS-OD (10) $15.95

Coniech color drsKs s&dd

(10) $11.95

Elophanl Sidd (TO) $15.96

Nashua ssdd (10) $12.95

Vertalm SCALL

Amaray Otslt Bank, holds 50

disks $10.95

MORE MISC.

Eoyi Fasl Load S26.9S

BrodertJurxJ Pfm:[ Shop {ti) $29.95

QiaphKS Library I (dl $18 95

To ord»f by mall: Send moooy wtict. cenilied chock.
personal chocH Alk?w 2 worHts lor p^sonal chock 10 clear

Shippings $2 50 Tdv KOfward and accossorios $10 00 lor

prcnters and cddr itionitor& $S 00 for disK drives ar>d other

monjIOfS AdO S3 00 por boK shipped (or COO Call lor other
SJiippirw charges AtjdilioriaJ shtp^xhg required on APO.
FPO. AK. HI. an<1 (oreitjn orders

Terms: ALL PRICES REFLECT CASH DISCOtJNr. A()U

3% FOR MASTEHCAHD OH VISA. Manulaclurers war.

ranly horxired with copy of our invoco ALl. SALES ARE
FINAL, Deloclivo Items rep'.iced or repaired at d^f dis.
CfCTwn Ponnsylvania residents add 6*i tales 13* Prices
(\nd terms stJt3]ec1 Io change without rtohcfl

TUSSEY COMPUTER PRODUCTS

P.O. BOX 1006

STATE COLLEGE. PA 16804

Software Discounters

of AmGriCd open Saturday ^^

S.D. of A

For Orders Only— 1-800-225-7638
PA Orders— 1-800-223-7784
Customer Service 412-361-5291

Open Saturday ^^^^^

• Free shipping on orders over $100 in
continental USA

• No surcharge for VISA/MasterCard

• Your card is not charged until we ship

ACCESS

Beach HeadID) i21

Beach Head 2(D) SZB

Ma;(i5(R) tl3

Raid Ovei Moscow (D) 125

ACTIVISION

Alcazar: The Forgoltcn

Fortress (D) ... .t21

Alter Ego (0) tzi

Counldown to

Shutdown (O) $21

Fast Tracks: Slol

CarConst. Kil(D) .121
Fireworks Celeftralion

Kit(D| 123

Garry Kitchen's Game-
maker: Trie CompLTtgr

Garrte Design Klt|D)S21
GhD3tbu3ters(D). . . .123
Groat Amerrcan

Cross-Counlry

floadFlace(D) . . . .J21

Hacker jD) S21

Master of Lamps (D) .S19
MindshadowlD) . . . .S19
Music Studio(D) . . . .S19

RochN'Bolt(D) $19

SpMcStiultle(Dl . . .119
ARTWORX

Ali0!)J0(Dl «6

BridgedOtO) .116

Computiridge(Dl. . . .119

Frencti(D) 119

German (D) 119

GriostCnaser(D|. , .116
Grand Master

Chess (D) 119

Italian (D| 119

Mor)keymalh(D) . .Hi

Spanish (D) 119

Strip Poker (D) . . .121
DalaDlskm female . Slfi
Dala Disk «2 male . . IIS
Dala Disk 113 (ornate . . Ilf
AVALON HILL
B1 Nuclear

Bomber (Ol 116

Computer Slocks &

Bonds (D) 119

Jupiler Mission 19^0)523

Legionnaire [Dl S19

May well Manor (D| . .116

Panjer Jagd(D| 121

RippcrfDl 119

Super Bowl

SunuayiD) 121

T.A.C. (D) 126

TeienguardlD) 119

Tournament Goll (D) .121
BLUE CHIP

Baron (O) 119

Tycoon (D) 119

anooERBUND

Bank SI. Writer (O) . 133
Castles Or, Creep (D| Hi
Champ LoderurLnertD)l23
Karaleka(D). 121

Loderunner (0) .121

Music SliopiDj , .12i
Operation Wnirlwind(Dlt2S
PrintStioplDl .129

PS Graphics

LiPrary#1(D) .117

P.S. Graphics

Library #2 (D( 117

Raid Gungeitng Bay (D) Hi

Steallh(D) 119

Spelunkor(D) , . . .119

Whistler's Brother (0)119

CBS

Adv. Master (D) . . 129

AslroGrovertD) . . 119

Big Bird's Funhou5e(R)119

Coast to Coast

America (D) 12S

Dinosaur Dig(D) ... .125
Dream House (b) . . . , 125
Dr. Seuss: Fry-Up Ihe

Mlx-UpPu!!ler(D).l1fl

Felony (D| ■ 123

Forf3cast(D) 133

Goren Bridge (D) . . . .M9
Mastering SAT (D). . .M9

Match Wil5(D) 119

Mr. Rogers: Many Ways

to Say I Lovo You (0)119
Murder by Dozen (D) .123
Railroad Works(D( . ,1ZS
SeaVoyagers(D), . . .125
Success wyMalh . . .Call
Success w/Algebra .Call
Weather Tamers (D) .116
CAROCO

CalcNow(D) 126

File Now (D) 126

GrapriNow(D) 126

Marl Now (D) 126

Smore(B) H7

Spell Now (D) 126

Write Now (B) 133

CONTINENTAL

Book o1 Adv. Games . 114

Fiflanclal SIraiegies:

Get Rich (Dl 129

Home Accour%tanl (D)144

DATASOFT

Allernale Realily(D) .126

Bruce Lee(Dl 119

Conan(D). 123

Dig Dug (D) 119

Elevator Action (D) . .119
Letter Wizard wr

Spelling Checker(O) 147

Mr. DotO) 119

Pole Posillon 2(D) 119
ThoGoonles(D| 119

Zorro(D| Hi

DAVIDSON

Malh Blaster (D| 133

Speed Reader 2(D) . .143

Spell 11(0) $33

Word Attack (D) 133

DESIGNWARE
European Nations A

Locations (D) . . . . 129
Grammar E)(aminer(0).129
Mission AlgQbra(D) 129

SpelllcoplertO) 126

The Body

Transparenl(O) . 12a
ELECTRONIC ARTS
Adv. Const. Sol (D) .127

Archon[D) 117

Archon2(D) 123

Axis Assasin(O) . . . .116
Carriers at War (D). . .$33
CulS Paste (Dl .119

Financial

Cookbook (Dl , 129
Hard Hat Mack (D). . 117
Malt Order

Monsters (D) 123

Music Const, Set(D|.ni
Murder on the

Zinderneu((0) ... .117
Ore'On-One(D) . .125
PInball Const. Sel(0)$19
Racing Oesl.SeKD) ,123
Reach (or Stars (0) , ,129
Realm of

ImpossibtlilylO) , 117
Seven Cilies Gold (O) 125

Skyto« (Dl 125

EPYX

Ballplayer (0) , , $26

BarOie(O) 119

Cblpwlts(D), ,. lis

Dragonriders Pertt (D)11i

Fast Load(R) 125

Gi Joo(D) Hi

Impossible Mlsslon(0] $23
Jet Combal

Slmulator(D) $21

KoronisRilt(D) $26

Pltslop2(0) 125

Rescue on

Fractalus(D) $26

Robots o( Dawn (D). -119
SummerGames2(D) 125

The Eidolon (D) 126

Winter Games (Dl , ,126
World's Greatest

Baseball (D) 123

World's Greatest

Football (D) $26

FIRST STAR

Spyvs, Spy(D) Hi

FISHES PRICE
Cartoon

Programmer (D), , ,114
First Men in the Moon

Math(D) Call

Jungle Book

Reading (D) , , , , .Call
Movie Crealor(D) ,,.114
Peler & The Wolf

Music(D) Call

Peter flabbil

Reading (0) Call

FUTUREHOUSE
Light Pen w/Peripheral

Vision (D) 139

GAMESTAR

Oii-CourlTennl$(D) .119
On. Field Football (Dl Hi
On -Track Racing (D) $17
Slar, League

aaseballlO) 119

HAYDEN

SATMath(O) 126

SAT Practice Tests (D)117
SAT Vocabulary (0) , . 126

SargonlKD) 116

Sargon lll(D) 133

Temperature Lab (D) , 15i

HES

CellOelen3e(DI ., , ,H2

FactotylD) 112

Graphics Basic (0) , ,123

Millionaire (D) Hi

Multtplan(O) $49

Omniwrller wfSpell |D|133

Paint Brush (R) 116

Super 2axxon(D), , , .119
Synthesound(D) , , . .116

Tri-MathtD) 112

TuttteToytand Jr. (D) ,116
Type "N Write (D), , .,116
INFOCOM

Encnanter(DI . . .123
Hitchhiker's Guide to

the Galaxy (D) 123

invisiciues C*ll

PianeHaM(D) 123

Seastalker(D| ....$23

SorceretlD) $26

Wishbfinger(D| $23

ZorkSenes Call

I MAGIC
Crime &

Punishment (D) , , ,$23
Tournament Tennrs (D) 119
KOALA
Muppel Learning

Keys(D|, 139.95-

Touch Tablet

wJPainlertO] , 13i,95'
Koala Printer (□) ,Hi

"Limited Quantities!

LEARNING COMPANY

Addition Magician (D) 123

Bumble Games (D) ,,125
Co(orasaurus(D) , , , .119
Gertrude's Secrets (O) $19
Juggle's Rainbow (D) 119
Magic Spelts (0) , , , ,123
Moptown Hotel (01 . ,125
M opt own Parade (D) , 125
Readet Rabbit (0) , , ,125
Bocky's Boots (D) ,123
WordSpinner(O), , , ,123
MICROPROSE
Aerojet: Advanced

Flight SImulalortD). Call
Crusade In Europe (D) . 126
Decision In the

Desert (Dl 126

F-16 Strike Eagle (O) .121
Gun Ship: The Holicoptof

Stmutation(D) Call

Kenrtedy ApptoachfD) $23

Mig Alley Ace (D) 123

Nato Commander (D) 123
Silent Service:
The Submarine
SI(nu(atlon(D|. , , ,Call
MINDSCAPE
Bank St, Music

Wilier (O) $26

Bank SI, Story book(D) 126

Color Mo: The Computer

Coloring Kit(D| , . .119

Color Me Picture Disks:

Hugga Bunch (O). . ,17

Rainbow Brite(D) , ,17

Shirt Tales (D| (7

Tink! Tonk! (0) , , , ,17

Crossword Magic (0) 133

Halley Project: Mission in

Our Sotar System (0)128

Indiana Jones In the Lost

■ Kingdom (O) 119

Mr, Prxcl's Cartoon

Kil(D) 121

Mr, Pixel's Game

Maker (D) 121

Mr, Pixet's Programming

Paint Set (D) 121

Perfect Score SAT (D) ,$49
Show Direclor(D) , , ,$19
MtSC

Copy II tO) $23

CSM 1541

Alignment KiljD) 129

Commodore 64 Software

l985(Book) , , , ,114

Doodle (D) 126

1641 User's Guide

(Book) $16

Inside Comm Dos

(Book) 116

James Bond 007 (R) 119
Micro-League
BeseballlD) , , ,127

Popeye(R) 119

SundeiCPA(D), , ,149
VIP Terminal XL (0), ,127
MUSE
Beyond Castle

WolfenstBiniO) , , ,121
Caslle
Wollenstein(Dl , . .119

Smart-Stan (D) Hi

ORIGIN

Ullima3(D) $3i

PRECISION

Superbase64(0) $47
PROFESSIONAL
Fleet System 2 (Dl. 149
Trivia Fever(D) , , , 121
Trivia Fever Vol, 2(D| , , 119
Super Sports Trivia(D) 119

RANDOM HOUSE

Alpine Encounter (D) 121
Charlie Brown's

ABO'S (0) Hi

Charlie Brown's

1.2,3's(D) Hi

Garlield. Eat Vour

Words (0) 119

Mr, and Mrs, Potato

Head(D) $19

Peanuts Maie

Marathon (D| $1i

Peanuts Picture

Puzzlers (0) , . , . ,119
Snoopy to the

Rescue (D) 119

Snoopy's Reading

Machine (Dl $19

Snoopy's Skywriter

Scramblor(D) $19

Snoopy Wri lei (0) $19
Typing Is A Ball.

Charlie Brown (D) .119
SCARBOROUGH
Build A Book (D) ....123

MastertypotO) 123

Net Worth (Dl 149

Songwriter (O) 125

SIERRA

a.C ,'5 OuOSt for

Tires (D) .$21

B.C 2: Grog's

Revenge (D) 121

Donald Duck's

Playground (0) — 125

Homewotd (D) 133

HomewordSpelleriD) 123
Mickey's Space

Adv.(D) 125

SlunlFlyer(O) Call

Ultima 2 tO) $39

Winnie Ihe Pooh |D) .125
WliardiPrlncoss (01119

WI;Type(Dl ,,123

SIMON a SCHUSTER
Kermit's Electronic

StorymakeifO) , , ,123
Typing Tutor 3 (Dl . . .128
SPINNAKER
Adventure Creator(R)$19

Aerobics (01 $23

Alphabet Zoo tRI , , , ,$19
Counting Parade (01 .$17
Delta Drawing (01 117
Early Learning

Friends(D| , , , ,117

Facertiakei (Rl 117

Fraction Fever(Rl , , ,117
Homework Helper-Math
Word Problems 10) $23
Home'work Helper-
Writing (D) $23

KidsonKeys(Ri , , Hi

KidwrilertDl 119

Kindeicompifll , ,119
Math BuslerslDl 117
Snooper Troops 1 (D) 119
Snoopet Troops 2 (D) 119
Story Machine(R) , , ,117

Tram3(Dl $19

"Buy 3 titles A receive
t free directly from
Spinnaker

SPRINGBOARD

Early Games (01. .123
Easy as ABC tOI ,,125

Fraction Factory (Dl 119
MakeAMaich(01 , , ,119

Stickers (D| $23

SSI

Baltic 1985(D) , , , 123

Bailie for Normandy(Dl 126

Breakthrougtt In the

Ardennes (01 139

Broadsides (D) $26

Carrier Force (01 , , , , 139
Colonial Conquest (D) 128
Combat Leaaer(O) , ,$26
Computer Ambush (01 139
Computer Baseball (D) $26

Computer QB(0) 126

Cosmic Balance (01 .126

Eagles(D) 126

Fllty Mission Crush(D) 126
Gemsione Warrior (01123
Germany 1965(01 $39
Impertum

Galaclum(01 126

Kamp(gruppe(D), , . .$39
Knighis ol Desert (D) $26
Mech Brigade (0) . ,139
Norway 1965 (D| , , , , 123
Operation Market

Garden (D) $33

Phanlasie(D) $26

Pro Tour Golf (D) , , , .$26

Queslron(D) $28

Ringside Seat (Dl . .126
Six-Gun Shooloul (D| 126

Wings of War (0) 126

SYNAPSE

Blue Max 2001 10| .Hi

SUBLai3IC

Flight Simulalor 2(D) 133

Night Mission

Pinball(D) 121

TELARIUM

Amazon (D) 123

Dragonworld(O) , , , ,$23
Fahienhelt451 (O), , ,123
Nine Princes in

Amber (Dl $33

Perry Mason: Case
of the Mandarin

Murder (Dl 123

Rendezvous

wlRamalDl $23

'Buy 3 litres & receive
1 free directly trom
TelariuiTt
TIMEWOflKS
Accts, Payable (01, . .139
Accts, Receivable (D) 13i
Cave Word Wizaid (D) $1 7
Data Manager 2(D) , ,$33
Electronic

Checkbook (D|, , ,$16
Evelyn Wood

Reader (D) 133

General Ledger (O) , ,133
Inventory Mgnit (O) , , $3i
Money Manager (D), ,$18
Payroll Mgmt(O) , , , ,$39

Sideways (D| $19

Sylvia Porter's Personal

Financial Planner(Dl 139
Word Writer wl

Speller (01 133

WINDHAM CLASSICS
AiiceinWonderland(Dl$19
Below Iho Root tOl ,119
Swiss Family

RoBinson(Dl $1i

Treasure Isrand(D) , ,$19

Wizard of Oz(01 $19

ACCESSORIES

Bonus SS. DD Cheap

CompuServe Starter

Kil(6hrsl Hi

Datasttare Printer

Interlace Chvpp

Disk Case (Holds SOI 19
Disk Drive Cleaner , , 19
Dow JonestShrsi , $19
WicoBoss $12

P.O. BOX 278— DEPT. CG— WILDWOOD, PA 15091

'Ordering and Tflrms; OrOers wilh cashipr checl< or money order shipped immediatety. Peisonai/company ciiecks. allow 3 weeKs clearance. No C.O.D.'s. Shipping: Con-
llnentAl U.S.A.— Orders untJer SlOO acPd S3: iw shipping on ofdflra ovsr 1100. PA residents add 6% sales tax, AK, HI, FP0-APO~add J5 ofi all orders Soffy-no Inlerna-
tioniai ordnrs Defeclive merchandtsc wpII be replaced with same merchar^disfl. Other relurns sut^jBct lo a 15% resloching charge— MO CREDITS1 Return must have
auirionzatKin number H12) 36l'529l Prices subject lo change without nolice

\FAST DELIVERY

Call Us For

Fast Service, Experiencel

and Affordable Prices

Software

FALL SPECIAL

SUBLOGIC

Flight Simulatof '3t.95

MicropiioseF-15Ea9lB...'21,50

Solo Flight '21.50

Jet Simulator *29

Kennedy Approach... '21 .50

MICROLEAGUE
Baseball 29.95

FAST
LOAD

$24

WORD PROCESSIIVG

Special of the Month

FLEET SYSTEM 2

GrQfit Buy ^4-8

Spuciiil of tfii; MoDlfi

Paperclip '49

PaperClip/Speiier... *69
Home Pak '33

PROGRAMIVIIIMG SERIES

Simon Basic ..

'21

Si}(U:tit/ ot Ifir Munit}

The Consultant

557

SPREAD SHEET

Multtplan '59

Homepak '34

Hardware]

In
Stock

C-128

1571 Disk Drive

1541 Alignment Kit '37

MPS 802 '199

1530 Datnsfitte '39

Magic Voice Speech '49.95

1011 RS 232 Interface '49

NEW FAST

1660 MODEM

^52

1541 FLASH.. ^54,95
"~~ X 1702 Monitor

Lo(^« '45

ACCOUNTING

Home Accountant '*4

Typing Tulot (II '29

General Ledger '35

A/R. A/P, Payroll '33

The Manager...... '35

DATA BASES

PFS; File '57

Super Base 64 *48

^89

ZENITH MONrTORS

122 Amber '84

3 123 Greon '79

Special of the Month

MSD DISK DRIVE

SD1 Disk Drive ^224
SD2 Disk Drive *439

INDUS GT
DISK DRIVE

^229

COMPUSERVE STARTER
KIT S21

MPS 801 Printer
^119 Reg. =199

CARDCO 5 SLOT
EXPANDER

^49.95

Ordering & Payment Policy
Prices reflect a cash discount. For Visa, and Master-
card add 3% Immediatedeliverywith certified chock or wired
funds. N.J. resident add 6%. Prices subject to change.

USA SHIPPING
For shipping and handling add 4% (S4 minimum)
Larger shipments require additional charge. CO D. add '3.50

Printers

SG-10 ^214

SG-10C *244

SG-15 ^369

SD-10 ^329

SD-15 ^444

SR-10. ^479

SR-15 ^579

Powertype... ^304

Letter Quality Powertype '304

Gemini tOx Ribbon '3

Gemini ISx Ribbon '3

Homewriter 10.... ^209

NEWLX-8Q ^234

DX-IODaisywhee! ... *245
DX-20 Daisywheel ... '319
NEWLX-80.... *224

RX-80 '208 Epson 80 Ribbon ... ^sl

FX-80 *323 Epson 100 Ribbon . '8

FX-85 ^469 Homewriter Interface '65

Okidsta 182 •214

Okidata 192 '349

Okidata 193 '499

Okidata 92 '349

Okidata 93 "559

Okidata 84 '629

Okidata 92 Ribbon .... '3

COMPUTER COVERS

Reg. nS's

$6.99

CMO 64 S6 3^

VIC 20 56.99

Disk Drivfi S6.99

Espofi MX 80.... S7 M
Espnn MX 80 FT a7 99
Okidolfl 92 S7 93

SURGE PROTECTORS

1 Outlet '14

SPECIAL
4 Outlet..,. *24

6 Outlet '69

DISKS

SfHiidtif of the Month

BULKSS/DD DISK

10

50

100

«9.99

^48

^90

Maxell SS/DD ^5.99

Disk Holder {50). ..'11. 95

PROWRITER '209

PANASONIC

1090 '185

1091 *238

1092 '374

Special Offer

IVIW-350 *69

4K Buffer $29

Digital Deulces

U Print Interface.... '44
16K Printer Buffer.. ^75
64K Printer Buffer* 109

PRIPJTER INTERFACES

Micrografix MW350 '69

Tymac Connection '69

Cardco + G Interface '48

Cardco B Interface '39

Grappler CD '84

Printer Specials

Doodle $26

Print Shop $29

Paper 1000 sheets'ig.gsl

Paper 2500 sheets '34.95

Mailing Lables (looo) *8|

FOR INFORMATION CALL (609) 596-1944

MON.-FR1.
10-5

Moil.. Thiirs., Fri. 9.B
iTues.. Wed. & Sat. 10-6 I

WE CHECK FOR STOLEN VISA AND fWlASTER CARDS

Cai] n i^CqW\ f .u. box iiW

JlJlLlhVdUUir Cherry Hill, N.J. 08034

PIANO ROLLS PLAYED BY COMPUTER

ARE YOU KIDDING?!!!

NOW YOU CAN TURN YOUR HOME COMPUTER INTO AN
ENTERTAINMENT CENTER AND MUSIC EDUCATION MA-
CHINE. JUST ADD OUR MIDI CABLE AND ANY MIDI IN-
STRUMENT*

The appearance o- Ihe MIDI on home organs and synthesizers opens up a
whole new (jt jre lof music ORS piayef p'ano rulfs from 1900 10 preseni day
ware perlormed by greal artists (rom Scott Joplin, Fats Waller, and George
Gershwin lo Liborace, Peter Nero, and olhet conlemporary artists Mosi ot this
library of aver 10.000 songs has been converted to digilal signals and placed
on floppy disks Ihal are available (of popular micracomputers

THE COMMODORE 61/128 PACKAGE IS NOW AVAILABLE FOR ONLY
S49.9S. IT INCUUDES A MIDI INTERFACE AND A SIX SONG SAMPLE DtSK
WITH CLASSICAL, CONTEMPORARY, SHOW MUSIC, and even RHAP-
SODY IN BLUE played by Ihe composer GEORGE GERSHWIN that you can
(,'nioy wiih your MIDI eputpped inslrument' For inlornialion about Olher sup-
ported computers, MIDI cables, and casio MO Instrumenls. call or wnle

1342B Route 23
Bullor. New Jersey 07405

(201) 838-9027

Dealer S Distributor inquiries Invited

■Fo( B'^i\ ^Performance an erghi uaice pofyprion'C <nsl'umenr is reaiitred
3ornnioc?ore 15 a rtgistoreC (raOerMars ct CGmmotJore Business Macnmes Inc

PRINTER IN TEH FACES

G-Wi; CALL

CardcoB $49.95

Turbo Print 379.95

MODEMS

Westridge Auto-
modem $69.95

Modem 300 (1660) S79.95

MPP1064C64 ,..$79,95

Total Telecommuni-
cation $39.95

PRINTERS

Epson Homewriter

with Interface . 3299,95
Commodore 803, $179.95
(tractor feed

option) S 29 95

Commodore DPS 1101
(Daisy wheel) ... $299,95
StarSG-10 .,,
Panasonic 1091
Citizen f^SP-10
G,E. Printer ..
MONrroRS
C128

. 3224.95

. S269.95

S329.95

$219.55

CALL

1702 Color .....

$199.95

Gorilla (green) . .

$ 79,95

Gorilla (amber) . .

$ 89.95

Sakata Color . . , .

$179.95

SOFTWARE

Word Processors

Paper Clip

(w/spell)

. $79.95

Word Pro 3 -^(64

339.95

Write Now

. S34.95

Databases

Superbase64 . . .

. 369.95

The Consultant . .

, $74.95

Spread Sheets

Cal. Kit

, 339,95

Calc Result

, $69,95

Utility Software

Print Shop

, $29,95

Floppiclene Head

Cleaner

. $12,95

MachS

. $24,95

Please cal! for any special

requests!

COMPUTER
WAREHOUSE

(In FL) 305-274-3680; 1-800-372-0214
7222 S.W. 117th Avenue, Miami, FL 33183

(J. rfi-riimuim ofOer, Qt idd 3% Por iHrpfwg ^nj hirKfling c,hjrg,iij Ad p^cea r»^^ci 3". cjlrt dii4Ci>uni
Clta\lC»ta OtOmt^ should tOd 3"i Pr iCbI tu&ioct ro change withou! nchce

You Have a Choice.

Numeric Keypads

i^:i

CP NjJTitr.c Keypad, OeTutce MotJe^.

• Top qualiiy. low pruHIc key switches for smoolh. reliable daiu cnir).

• Easily connected uith computer kcviitiard.

• No ^oflu,-iic i-v teijuiieiJ. KXK; t"ump;itibk' with itil pri)(£nim?i.

• .•\v;iiliibtc ior Commodutt M, SX-W*. V|t'.30 and Apple I Ic (.'ompurcri.

• One >[:ar s^arninly and uvuiljiblc in three models;

n

Regular

=49.95

n

Plus
S59.S5

ODD

Deluxe
569.95

*ower Supply

• Ha^ bcucr leaturcs than the original one at S.^9,95,

• Ivstrviccahle. M)l di\p()>.abk.

• Works iti'pcndahly with ant j-ear ttarrnnty.

• I'or CommitUdrc and .Atari* Computers.

f~£r Computer Place

^=- 23914 Crenshaw Blvd. Torrance, CA 90505

' Requires adaptor at addiS<ora1 cost. VISA, MC &. AE accepted. No C.O.D. Add

$3-00 shipptng. CA residents add 6.5% sales tax Deali^r ingtilrtes welcome

Ccmmodoi'e 64. SX-64 and VlC-20 arc iraae^n'^^ 0l CommodorE; Busmpss Machimcs. Inc

Aiafi IS Ihe Tiadcmaik of Alan Corp , A^pie Mc is it^c (faapmark o! Appk. Compuiec, Inc

(213)325-4754

c

E
2

Q.

146 COMPUTErs Gazette Oclobef 1985

Program Your Own EPROMS
t^s,'" $99.50

PLUGS INTO USER PORT.
NOTHING ELSE NEEDED.
EASY TO USE. VERSATILE.

• Read or Program. One byte or
32K bytes!

OR Use like a disk drive. LOAD,
SAVE, GET INPUT PRINT, CMD,
OPEN, CLOSE— EPROM FILES!
Our software lets you use fatniiiar BASIC commands to
create, modify, scratch files on readily available EPROM
chips,Addsan6wdimensionloyoLtrcompulingcapabilify.
Works wilti most ML Monitors too,

• Make Aulo-Start Cartridges of your programs.

• Tfie promenade" CI gives you 4 programming vollagec,
2 EPROI^ supply voltages, 3 intelligent programming
algorithms, 15 bit chip addressing, 3 LED's and NO
switches. Your computer controls everytfiing from software!
Textooi soci<eI, Anti-static aiuminym housing,
EPROMS, cartridge PC boards, etc. at extra charge.
Some EPROM types you can use witti the protnetiade"

2758 M32 462732P 27l?fl

2516 2732 2S« 272S6

2716 Z/Caa 278* fiBTM

27C16 273ZA CTC«J 68768

5133 X2fl16A'

5U3 52St3'

2315' *eotep"

2SIB'
'Ufwt^i •'•ctncj^ wckMCi tfiHa

Call Toll Free; 800-421-7731
In Calitornia: 800-421-7748

ES

t ] JASON-RANHEIM

580 Parrot! St., San Jose, CA 951 12

Sensational Prices!

. . . On Our Most Popular Items!

Introducing .

THE 990 DISKETTE

Are you paying too much (or diskettes? Try our
lirst quality, prime, 5V»"' disXotles (no rejects, no
seconds) ai these taritasic sale prices and save,
save. SAVE! Disks are packaged in txjxes of 50:
each box contains S shrink-wrapped lOpacks ttiat
include diskettes in sleeves, labels, and wnte-
protect tabs.

Each diskette Is certified to be 1 00% error free and
comes with a lifelime warranty (if you have a
problem, we'll replace the diskette). All diskettes
include hub reinfofcement nngs and write-
protect notch.

All diskettes are double density and work In either
single or double density drives.

SS. DD Diskettes. Box qI 50

32391 S4g_50-S99C ea !

DS. DD Diskettes. Box of 50
32403

S64,50-'l 29ea!

LEHER QUALITY PRINTING ^
FOR $1991!

We have made a special purchase of
these tiigli quality daisy v«hael
printers Irom a majot printer
mattutaclurer, and can oKer ttierr tp
you at this incredible pricsl All

primers are brand new. ant) tealurc a (u(l 1 year manufaclurcf's

warranty'

Print sup«il) letter quality tyiie in standaid, bold, subscnpt,
superscript and underiincd characters lot lull word-|)rocessin(i

compalitjility at 10 CPS. biditeclional. Friction feed with a ttactor
teed option. This iriutti quality at sucha low price isa "don't miss"
batgain! Stig^ Relail S3t9.oo

.34451 Letter Quality Printer S199.00

SG-1Q

Lowest Price! 33251 $CALL

Also: 34446 SG-10C with Built-ffi
Commodore Interface! SCALL

CARDCO

Interface

• Super High Speed!
NOW IN

STOCK! 344B4

Nfw Low Price!

$CALL

We stock a cotriplete line of Star, Epson, BMC, anci Axiom peripherals.
Call for best prices!

CONTROL YOUR HOME!

VICONTROLLER Irom Goneils

Just plug Ifiis caniidqe into the user's port on your VIC-ZO or C-&4. plug its power cord into a wall outlet and

ytw have a ptwerlul Home Control system! Control electrtcar appliances Irani yjut keyboard using remote contral

modules (lisled belm). Ttie modues plug into the wall outlet, then the selected appliance is plugged into ttse

module. Turn appliances on and off tram your keyboard, or adiust lighting level. Comes with solttiaie to get

you up and running iijht a'jvay' Full one year manufacturer's warranty

29S73 V2D/C64, Cassette $59.95

2S5B7 V20/C64. Disk S59.95

Remolo Control Module)

29592 Lamp Module $19.95

29605 3 F>ln Appliance Module Sig.9S

CDMSENSE Irom Genesis

Provides your C-61 or yiC-20 viilh the ability to sense its environ-
ment {on/oll. open/shut, temperature, humidity, tight level, etc.). The
data can be assambled into a report, or used to set Off an alarm, etc.
Plugs Into the game port at the side o( your computet One year
manulaclurar's warranty
29639 For VlC-20 or C-64 $59.95

COMCiaCK Irom Geneili

Real time clocii cartridge tot C-64 maintains the Ume of day, date, month, year and day of week. Liftuum battery
(included) keeps the clock running even wtien ttie corapiiter is turned ott Full year parts and laboi warranty
29643 For the C-64 $59.95

Learn about the efecfronJc house of the future!

MICRO MANSION: Using four Camputet To Hire A Siter, More Canrenlsnl Horns (C-M Version)

DesciiSes, m non-lecfinica! lanjuage. ivhat computer-controlled florae systems ate. how they worn, and what

yau need to get your own home control systems up and running.

34817 Book $10.95

CARTRIDGE EXPANDER

Plus S22.95

FAST LOAD

OFFER!

Skw ifrtving OJI youf ccMnpiua*f «AOCWlt>dgH by •n<ww futt^fyftQ' t*t^

irjd^. Of thft 'Vi" povt^n il no cvirtogrt n id ba uivf} Rntl tnt com-

.puiDT ir\dept!P\aom\y of i^e PDw«r swutth CiriuOtjt i4otft i^e vomcsH fv
*aiy icc&as,— na tjlintj (uiTibt ifvgi tJEihif^a I he ccrnipulCf"

3422D 2 Slot Camidg© Expander *19*95

The canfidge expander ts a ^reat KwnpaiMon fcjr ihg Epyji Fasj Load
carTridge— ywj tan kMp tl peTmaf>erilly 4i-ts!ailod plus hav* a aio! hoc for
Olhpr i:a^[ri3g&sr

34Z16 Fasi Load Cartridge (Suq noMii^j^g^) *29.95
Fast Load ONLY $22.95
with purchase of cartridge expander! .

From Your Friends At

TGN€X

IVe gladly accept
mail orders!

P.O. Box 6578

South Bervd, 114 46660

Questions? Call
219/259-7D51

DUST COVER and
"EVERYTHING BOOK"

INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL

Get ijo Xno* ga Oy Qfdflrmg tHii Qiesi dust cover
te* yout V9C'?0 0* Co»nnwdO(* $* and oui catalog,
"Tho Ewrylhing Book tot ihi» Cornmodors C-&i
and VIC -20 Kom* Compiutflf*." tor S2 35 [no eaclFa
shippirhg or handling cinarQei} Cover iij aTHi^taCic,
tfa,rvsliicom. a ^uQc vinyl sewn lo out exaciiog
slimdards wilh rwnl&rxXKJ »ftms Discover the sav-
ings and oasy shDp>pir>g ovaflaJjIe iTo-m TENEX
Cf;>rrpLJter Express'

52.95

3tG27 DuM Cavm and Cntslog (HtK)

SPACE SAV!NG
PRINTER STAND!

At Idsl a printer sland I
priced tor homes and
small olficca! This I
gfeal new standi from '
SuncQm 15 el&vaiad so
you can pl^co your
paper unciornoal^l.
Featuro$ Koftvy duty welded steel wire con-
si ruction and has a vinyl coatiivg lo reduce
noise and vibraliort. Another plus . the primer
IS held 31 Ein <)ng:Fe Ihat makes it much easief
tp see ypur output as it is being printed.
Available in iwo widihs: 12" for most SO
column prinlors, and 18" for most 132 column
printers.

33232 12'' Printer Stand 514.95
33246 10" Printer Stpnd S22.95j

Ad
GIG

SHIPPING CHARGES
ORDER AMOUNT CHARGE

less than 520,00

S3.75

S20,00-S39 99

4.75

S40,00-S7499

5,75

S75.00-S1t9,99

5,75

S150.0O-$299.99

7,75

S300 8 up

8,75

NO EXTRA FEE FDR CHARGES
NO HIDDEN EXTRAS

ORDER TOLL FREE

1-800-348-2778

Software Discounters ;

of America (* peripherals, toon V s-D- °' A ;

Orders Outside PA-1-800-225-7638 ^-^r-'^

PA Orders — 1-800-2237784

Customer Service 412-361-5291 Open Saturday

•Fraa Shipping on ordars ov*i St 00 In contlnenlal USA
•No surctiaisa for VISArMiilarcatd
•Your card Is not cNargad until wa ship

The only telecommunications package
you will ever need.

Ffae Eubsenplion

10 oynr BO Pnfmlfi^ DBIfl Bases

• Auto Dial/
Answer Modem

3495

lowost pncp ever

For Commodore 64 ®

CompuServe Starter Kit (5 hrs.) S19

'Ordering and Tflrfns: Ofd(fir!i with cnafuiur cMot^K or rnofifiy Ofdi?r ^htf3pf?d <m-
mndhTlnly Pojsonar^compjfiy LihiJtkr;, ,i1fow 3 wonKs cJE.iranco Na C CD '-;
Shipping: ConllnflnlBl USA,— Ord(M» undor SiOO add S3: fwt ihlpplng on orders
Ovtr »tO0. PA tF '^Ndinilf; ndrt G% r.o»*?r. Ian AK, HI, FPOAPO-add S5 on all orders
Swrr;^— no rnlirrniilioniiJ nrdprs Defecttvo mt-rcriandiae will bft rppl,-)cod with
samft morcfiariUiso Othpr relurns subjucl to ci 15% ruslocking charge— NO
CREDiTSi Relurn muSI tiave auinofk/alion numbnp (4l2fc 361-529t

C-B4"" • VIC* • SN-OA'" * C-Vta-* • p»u* ^'- • C-lft"- • B-ISf" ' fET™ • COM^ ■ LCD""

The best deal in Commodore computing
just got better.

The Intebgent Software pockoge on mtt^g rated homeA)Lisjness/educaUonal
package of 25 program* on disk or tope at the ndciJous price of S29»d5
[pfusfEva cents for postage + handling),

T>TepjBcki9ge6nctpil3*ctixruiriErhcTTi>^yt?wsofLvvfl^ pages of sotrts

code ksLngs, r, is ihe one product Ll^at csr\ t^e care of el you data processing needs.
One customer wTtes: ". . . accdsdes for tM aiX/xrs JTwisas^diade^gsthsvGseen
and more tJjafiBda^jBiB for e/fexcefJt fancy presentmions. Jhebestt^ingisttKcaseof
use . . " The p>ackage ndudes:

Ateondded: PspDrtOm, fiapartMmrgs
[riBHocG W/P With Database to crsas^e
If arm lottery, SlOtcmcntB. nvoicfis, rnaJirig
lobflte, other reportfi]; B«Mfa«jr SUitlvt^
elwi [connptles battung statistics for a base-
boll leoguej. several W/P uulities, indoding
Indai [indexes W/P's text files), several
Ootabase iXMjsa, nducing OSmorga [fsd-
taics mufti-file database app&catioris.]. arid
DBStat [tnotyzEs D/B Hes); q prograrTming
utilrty , ASCJ I ,. v&\Ki\ converts tcKt files [pro-
gram listingt!) into program files; also
Chookbook, iavanttuy, Papnr Rcnrtv;
La«n AnaivBls; Brflahauan AnalyalH:
Dnpraclatlan, Labatar. File Copfflr:
mora.

VgrgionB of the pad<s^e ore available for
every Cftnmodoro computer having a mini-
rrnjn of 1 0k RAM. All programs will support
tape, disk, and printer.. Price includes
rVxifnentBtJon and shipphg; Cetf. r^esidents.
add 6%. Add S3 for cr^dft cord, COD.
80^ i:tel<. or cassette orttors (c^ssetto not
OVQiobte for Plua4"* orxl 1 B™ . ] No personaf
checks from outsKte USA. Ths ad is the
CQtatog; a oamplmy ol prOQrorn output tn
avDilaUpforS?,

A complQte mitj-Jteved frired-
record-lsngth dots base menflgdr. Sort or
aekte:t[uaaigj!lretotiorieloperi3torB:. = , >,
< . AND. Da NOT, wM card] or^ ;rry fietd.
parfomn ccmputntons or numenc fields.
Any operation can ha perfonrked on alin or
on^ selected records, Aa fiekJs comptetefy
user-derinabte. Can be used for any number
of tesks, inqfLKhng eccountmg. maiing lists,
«Tventory control, record, tope, or book
cataJogrig, QX|>Qnso account martenancR,
or as an electronic rolodax. Even rf you ubh
your Commodore for nothing ulee. tNa pro-
QTOm Hkjruj migJit juatify its Dkpcnsc.
Word PrDcsiB>pr! A full footurcd menu-
drr/cjivvord prtcessorrckJring: vijry fost filo
corrmanda, B(Tocn editing, text tocatjng and
fuB control over margins, npacrig, paging,
irMJentation, and tustificotion. "... weH
done Bfxihi0ly function^ . . . Pmvideson
exceU^^t (litGrnativB la the hgtt fxiced ]/mr[f
processors . . . L/)rs ts tin excelfent buy.
Mighty r&CorrVT}(^ided. " — MidmLa SoftWflr«
Gazette , Providss ffXtfbit^ fBoures. " —
Coinputc's Gcjetta.

CopyoflJci An eJcctronic spreadfihij^t,
Tums your Commodora mo a visblQ balance
sheet; rcludo screen editor "Exctstkmt
program for txjdgatjng, s^UmoVng, or any
malh-orientet} yse . , . weH worth the
money. Highfy recommended. " — Miidnfte
Softv^ere Gazette.

Intelligent Software sanAnseimo,cA9496G

Qualty Software since 1 982 [41 5] 457-61 53

PRINT T-SHIRTS
WITH YOUR jc^.
COMPUTER^ 5-*

Undcrwarc" make?, cu.slom ^SjO
T-Shlrts In minutes!

Wiih The L'lidLTW'^rc Ribbon

your primer makes inm-on

iransfers of any screen image!

Just prim iMu image on plain

paper iisintf an I'ndfrvv.irc

Ribbon, [hen iron it im up

your own T-shtri Kach ribhun

iiiakts M)-I(i() pcnnancnt and washable iraiisfers.

Adding color Is simple & Inexpensive

Wish a sei of Lndtfrw^re CoIiirl'cil> you fan add up to .icven

co!or^ ti) any [riinftlLT made with ;in TrKlerware Kihbon, Just

color ilie plain paper traiislff and irou ii otiio a T-Sliiri

A complete <icIcction of Undcrwarc Pr<)cluct.>i . . .

The ribbon is aiailable for tht S[H: Hoj.l, c, lioh, Apple,

Okidata, Slar Gemini, iCpsoti antl IH.M dm matrix primers,

for (itber primers — try <iur new Iron on ColoritiK Kit with

special i;arbi>n transfer paper I'lease call for details,

['nderware Riblxin J 1 4. 95

['ndcrware Colorl'eiis (set of S) 114.95

Lnderware jumbo Colorl'ens {set of") S 19,95 NEW

Inderwiire Iron-on ColoriUK Kit 519.95 .NEW

Diversions, inc.

n>ii Winding Wai. iiclmoui, CA y'toii.;

m

415-591-0660

COMMODORE

MONITOR

FULL COLOR

$15400

RETAIL >2B9

DISK DRIVE

RETAIL >259

1541

PORTABLE VIDEO RECORDER

$-|gg 00

RETAIL '600

COLOR VIDEO CAMERA
WITH PORTABLE RECORDER

$799.

00

RETAIL '1500

CALL TODAY-! 612-881-7682

T & D ELECTRONICS

10517 UPTON CIRCLE
BLOOMINGTON, MN SS431

COMMODORE 64^

SUPER PRINTER PACKAGES FOR c-«

S610S.G-Wiz .282

Panasonic 1091 & G-Wi: 308

Panasonic 1090 & G-Wii 261

Legend 880 & G-Wiz 279

Legend lOBO&G-Wi; 299

Ciloh8510AP+ SG-Wiz , 395

Super Printer packages have no extra charges
added when shipped in Continenlal USA.

MODEMS Buy any modem

Wesuidgc AA AD ,69 95 and get VIP Term

Toial Tele MwJem. . . 49 95 qj- ^jfjtex for

MigMty Mo 69 95 ofi 95

1660 Modem 49.9'

PRINTERS

CitohSSIOAP ....299

Legend 1080 239

Citoh7500AP,...219

Epson Call

Toshiba 1351 Call

Toshiba 1340 559

Buy the Print Shop for 27.95 with
the purchase of any printer.

Legend 880 219

Legend 1080 239

Panasonic 1090 , 199
Panasonic 1091 . 245
Powertype 309

INDUS GT For CM 239

for Latest Prices on
& C-128 Hardware

PRINTER INTERFACES

Dais Sharo <;9.95

AK^m 64.95

G-WII 69.95

SG-10
SG-15
SD-10
SD-15
SR-10
SR-1S

219
369
339
449
Call
Call

^BIJiailEI^BIi^lilH

BUFFERS
PRINTER

Microfazer Ce

U-Print-16K

Printer Buffer...!
U-Print-32K

Printer Buffer...'
U-Print-64K

Printer Buffer .1C

Fast Load-Cart
Rescue On Fractalus-D
World's Greatest

Football-D SL

The Eidolon-D
Winter Games

Temple Of Apshai
TriJogy-D

m coMPuuR SOFTWARE Summor Games ll-D

Sumegy Games for the Actlon-Qame Player Koronis Rift-D

: 6allblazer-D

Only

EACH

PItstop ll-D

SUPER SPECIAL PRICES EFFECTIVE NOW THRU OCTOBER 31, 1985

COM

ACCESS

Beacrr«5d-0 2f.95

Bes^raaill-D 24.95

Rasi 0»e[ Mi)5OTii-D . . 24 95

U3Ch V-ClM . . ... 21 95

BATTERIES fNCLUDED

Super Btjsuril II . . . . (2995

B.I 80 tD9.95

Paperclip Speirpalt'O 79 95

CorsuHanl-D S2 95

Cal-Kil-0 J4.95

Horrs Pak-D 54-95

Horre OrgaMzer rtems ■ D 16 95

BRODERBUND

Ban^St'retWr.tsf-O 34 95

Dr. CrMp-D 20.95

Bungling iay-D 20.95

Spelunker-D 20.95

Music sriop-O 29.95

Prim Shop-0 J4 95

KaoMka-D ... 20 95

Criamp loderunner-D . ... 23 95
Pnnl Sr»p Grapfiics-D ... 19.95

Prim Srsop Rirfill 16 95

Prim Stwp Grsphics ll-D . 19.95
CBS SOFTWARE

Call tof Hems a-^d prces

COMMODORE

Easy.Calc-D 34 95

EasyMaI'D 19 95

Easy&cripl-D.... 44 95

Easy Spon-D I9 95

loJO-D 49.95

The Marsager-D 34.95

General Lec^er-D 34.95

Akis. Rec-D 34.95

Acds. Pay.-D 34.65

Magic Desti-Carl 39.95

Soccer-Cari 22.95

Magic Voice 54.95

Suspsct-D 29.95

Cu1iriroats-D 29.95

Simori's Basic-Cart 29.95

Irtvamciry Man-D 34.95

SuBcrEipsryfer. Carl ...29.95
Hj^-D 29.96

DATASOFT

Conan-D 27.95

Bruce Lee-D 27.95

Alternate.Fealily-D 27.95

Goonics-D 23 95

Elevator Action-D 23.95

' Zorro-O 23 95

Pole PpSJton ll-D 23 95

M

0 D 0

FIRST STAR

INSTA (CIMMARON)

insia-Ca'c Graph Comoo-

□ 24-95

Insl»-L<iil9«r-D 39 95

tnsia-Wnwi-0 14 95

Maaagemeni Ccnbo-D . 39 95

INFOCOM

Deaflline-D 29 95

£nchanier-D .... 24 95

InfiM-O 29-95

Pianettai-D 24.95

Sorcersf-D 29.95

S(arcfPSS-0 29.95

Suspsfded'O 29 95

W11nM!-D 29 95

SeaSlaiker-D...- 24 95

Zofk I, II or lll-D .... 27 95
Wsdnnpr.O 29.95

MICROPROSE

fkJjTtJunglq-D 23.95

Hellcat Ace- DT 23 95

NATO Commarder-D ...23.95

Solo Fligtlt-D.T 23.95

Spitfire Ace-D'T 23.95

Alt Rescue-DT 23.95

F-ISSirikeEagie-D 23.95

Decision Deserl-0 27 95

Kerinedy Approacri-0 . . 23 95
CrusadEj.EuropO'D 27.95

MIND5CAPE

Ca!l for homs and Pr»cas

MISCELLANEOUS

Ultima III'D 37.95

FiigtitSimulalorll-D 34.95

Casre Wolleristatn-D 20.95

Supertjase 64- D 47.95

EltrpPoker-D 23.95

Slap Sr»1 Hockey- D 14.95

Masieriypo-D 27.95

Beyond WoUonslwn-D .,.. 23.95

S.A.M.-D 41.95

Alien Voice Do« 99 95

Satgon lll-D - ..34 95

Bounly BoO-Cart 29.95

Flesi System ll-D 44.95

Space Stvunlo-D 20 95

ComfKjbndge-D 19.95

GrarnJ Masler Ctiess-0. . . 19.95

Voce W<B5enger-D 44 95

MainEven1fla.iing-D . .20 95

OFT

SCARBOROUGH

Was»rt(M-D Car! . . 27.95
NelVtertti-D. .. .49 95

SongnT.tai-D 27-95

Run lor the fciiywy-D ,27 95
Figures a.^ Fwrmjt'as-0 20.95
WriiLTg Wiiard-D . .49 95

SCHOLASTIC

Calf tof lioms and Pixffs

SIMON AND
SCHUSTER

Cai fdrhc^ns and Prices

SIERRA ON-LINE

Caii far items and Prices

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Archor-D 1995

Arcrionl(-D 24.95

Mu^o-D 19.95

neaim impossibililv-D . . 19.95
MiwdcrZindomcuf-D . . . 19.95
Music Ccfljlfuction-D . . 19.95
Pinbali Ccislructioii-D . 19,95

Skyloi-D 24,95

One on One-D 24,95

Seven Cities cl Goid-D , , , 24,95
Mail Order Wonsiers-D , . , 24 95
Pacing Destruciion-O , , . , 24,95
Adver-lura Constructiort-D 29,95
Financial CooklJOOk-D,- ,2995

Hundreds of
items

available for
theCBM 64..
please call.

WARE

SSI

50 W s«ii Crvsti-0 ?4 5c

Battle Norniandy-DT , . , - 24 95
CemOatLeadei-OT. .. .24 95
Compute! Bairtaii-D .... 24 95
Cosmic Baiarse-D . .;4 55

Eagies-D 2495

ForlreM-D 3195

Germany 1985-D 3795

KrigMOescrt-DT 2495

Proles.s«nal Gcf-D 24 95

FIFO 1985-D 2195

R-ngsHje Seal-D 24.95

T^rs in ihe Snmr-D .... 24.95

Baltic 45-0 21.95

Broadsides-0 2495

Questron-D 24 9S

Computer (Xjanertiack-D . 34 95

Field ol Fire- D 24.95

Carrier Force-D 37.95

BrMkihrougtiAntennes-O 37.95

President-Elccl-D 24.95

Corr^lor AmbusTj-D .... 37.95

KampljruRpe-D 3795

Ope*. MartBl Garden-D ..3? 95

Gemslone Warrior-D 21 .95

Impenum Galactium-D . . . 24 95

Ptiantasie-D 24 95

CartelaCiJIfiroats-D 24 95

SYNAPSE

C,:tll tor itEim$ and Prices

TIMEWORKS

Accoums Payaljle-D .... 39.95
Accoums Receivaaie-D . . 39.95

Sales Analysis-D 39.95

Data Manager 2- D 34.96

General Ledger-O 39.95

Inventmy Managerrem-D 39.95
Payroll Management-D. . . 39.95

WprtI Wnter-D 34.95

Swiitcalc-D 34.95

Evelyn Wood-D 34.96

GAMESTAB

Slarroague Basotiall-D'T . 20.95

Oti-Ficld Foo1ba«-0 20.96

Oti-Field Tennis-D 20.95

Ofi-Track Racing-D 20.95

MISC. (cont.) MISC. (com)

U i rr-a IV.Q 41.95 GNattxtsteiS-D 24 95

Typing Tu;or IIW 34.9S Battei-Up-D 29.95

Koaiacnnw-D 19.95 Amer. Cross County Rai»-

Jllimall-D 3T9S D .. .2095

eiiMM«-D., 2395 Syrxalc-D 34.95

Biue Mai 2011-0. .. 2395 ijMlervrrWi Raicu«-D 20 95

Relax-D 79,95 Min*#heei-D 2795

Microlaague BaseWH-D , 29,95 SuMrtiOKil Sunttay-D , , 24 95

Stuniny«(-D 27,95 na>lroad Wortj-O, , ,24 95

Eipadnan Amaion-D . , . , 23 95 Vip Temmai-D 29 95

Xyplnjs-D 27.95 Coirpuse've Slarttr Kil.2t.95

Transiyvannia-D 23.95 Fteach For The Sll-S-O , . 29,95

Haiiay Pnj;eci-0 . . 29.95 Camers Ai War-D 34.95

^^^^^H EST. 1982 ^^^^^H

RO. Bon 17832, Milwaukee. Wl 53217

ORDER LIKES OPEN

Mon-Fii 11 a, in • 7 p m. CST • Sal 12 p.m - 5 p.m. CST

To Order Call Toll Free

800-558-0003

For Technical Info. Order
Inquiries, or tor Wise. Orders

414-351-2007

ORDERING INFORMATION: Pieflsospqcir/sysiem. For

fQiil-;!'' >\--; ■.■ 1 .1 ; .1- 1: 1 ■ I ! 1 , i- iii::.-if?y ordoF orijirocl tflfik Iransfflrs
Pq-'soim Li-'id C'j.'iipjiiy L-t:uck:. j.jjv* 2 \«3eks lo cloar. Charges lor COD
^e S3 CU Scfiwl Pitrchoso Ordprs wotccmg. Iri CONTINENTAL USA.
<rKlud& S3 00 shippng per software t>fdor, Iriclude 4f'» shippir^g ort fl!l
Hftrdwa^e orders, mimmum $^.00. Mastercard & Visa ploas£> Irwludo
card # and oipiiaNon dflt&. W| rijsidonia plpaspadd Si'i sales tax. Hi.
AK, FPO, APO, Car^adiari orders — add 5% 5fiipfHr>g, minrmum S5.00
All oiher foreign orders, please add 1 1% siiipping, rninnmum S10 00. All
goods are new and include fact07 wan'a/ity Due to our i^aw prices. alJ
&afe$ af& Mai AU deJective relurns musi tiavs a return aulflonzation
numtser. Pleasa call 41^5-351-2007 to obtain an RA# or your return will
NOT bo Bccoptod 1or roplacemoTit or repair Pricos aniJ avai'-atjilily ar^
subjeci (0 cnartge wiifiout notic&.

D~DISK

T— CASSETTE

CART— CARTRIDGE

No surcharge for MasterCard

or Visa S

ATTENTION

ALL COMMODORE 64,

VIC 20, COMMODORE 16,

AND PET OWNERS

A complete self-tutoring BASIC programming course
is now available. This course starts witti turning
your computer on, to programming just about
anything you want! This course is currently used
in both High School and Adult Evening Education
classes and has also formed the basis of teacher
literacy programs. Written by a teacher, who after
having taught the course several times, has put
together one of the finest programming courses
available today. This complete 14 lesson course
of over 230 pages is now available for the COM-
MODORE 64, VIC 20, COMMODORE 16 and PET
computers and takes you step by step through a
discovery approach to programming and you can
do it all in your leisure time! The lessons are filled
with examples and easy to understand explanations
as well as many programs tor you to make up. At the
end of each lesson is a test of the information
presented. Furthermore, ALL answers are supplied
to all the questions and programs, including the
answers to the tests. Follow this course step by
step, lesson by lesson, and turn yourself into a
real programmer! You won't be disappointed!

We wilt send this COMPLETE course to you at
once for just $19.95 plus $3.00 for shipping and
handling {U.S. residents, please pay in U.S. funds).
If you are not COMPLETELY satisfied, then simply
return the course within 10 days of receipt for a
FULL refund.

Fill in the coupon or send a facsimile.

NAME:,

CG

ADDRESS:.
CITY:

PROV./STATE:

POSTAL/ZIP CODE:^
Check desired course:

Send Cheque or Money Order to:
Brantford Educational Services

COMMODORE 64 L'l
VIC C PET L~

COMMODORE 16 G

6 Pioneer Place,
Branifofd. Ontario,
Canada N3R 7G7

Complete course: $19,95
Postage and hand.: $3.00
''"otal: $22.95

rZ^ HAVE YOU

r^^ *-^^ GOT THE

1541 BLUES?

WE'VE GOT THE PERIVIANEr\fT FIX!!

Here's what we do , , .
FiKST, wc disassemble your 1541 disk drive.
SECOND, wc re-macliine the stepper motor to the shaft.
THIRD, we adjust the stepper motor and align the heads,
FOURTH, we upgrade yuur DOS to the httest version
available.

GUARANTI'f-D I-OR SLX MONTHS!

AND WE DO IT ALL IN 72 HOURS OR LESSI!
TOTAL COST , . , $69.95, plus S7.50 shipping & handling

Wc also service the entire Commodore Line with a 72
hour turn-around time (subject to parts availability).

C-64 59.00

1541 65.00

1702 85.00

1525/801 59 00

1526/802 75.00

1541 Flash tnstallBd 125.00

llncludBs DOS Bridge and Switch for 100% Software compatihtlityl
Call lor Repair Prices ofi other Commodore Hqiiipnicnt
We also repair Televideo Computers and Okidaia Printers

WE DO WARRANTY REPAIRS! - Call for Dataifs

$7.50 for shipping/S15.00 for APO/FPO or outside Continental US.

Our BBS No. is 91 3.765-3892, Temporary Password - TRIAD

TRIAD COMPUTERS

3068 TRENWEST DRIVE. WINSTON-SALEM. NC 27103
919-765-0433

150 COMPUTErs Gaiette October 1985

J]^^J1Lb5L&5^J;L^

mmmMm

■ V mi\E /

THE

MIRROR

DISK CORIER
$24.95

NO FINER OH MORE ADVANCED ARCHIVAL COPIER AVAJtABt£ AT

ANyj^tCE.

EASY TO USE, DOES NOT CAUSE DRIVE HEAD TO KNOCK.

COPIES UP TO 4 1 TRACKS

PERIODIC LFDATE POUCY.

AUTOMATICAay MAKES BACK-UP COPIES FROM V1RTUAU.YAU.

PROTECTED SOFTWARE.

NIBBLES. HALF TRACKS, COPIES EXTRA SECTORS AND EXTRA TRACKS.

REPRODUCES AtL DISK ERRORS AUTOMATICAaY.

FAST. COPIES FULL DISK IN AS UTTLE AS 4-7 MIN5. EVEN COPIES

irSElf.

WE COPY MOREI

MASTERCARD. VISA, MO OR CHECK OK

• S3 SHIPPING a HANDLING

COD. OR FOREIGN ORDERS ADD S2

CAUF. ORDERS ADO 6% SALES TAX

- \VRITe OR CALL -

Comoumed

(408) 758-2436 r-

P.O, BOX 6427

' — ' SPINAS, CA 93912 b

FOR COMMODORE 64 AND 154 1 DRIVE

presenting . . . CAPTUKt

A NEW WAY TO UNLOCK THE POWER OF YOUR 064 OR C128*

• CAPTURE IS A CARTRIDGE THAT PLUGS INTO YOUR COMPUTER'S EXPANSION PORT.

• CAPTURE DOESNOTHING — UNTIL YOU PRESS ITS CAPTURE BUTTON. UNTIL THEN, A

RUNNING PROGRAM CANNOT DETECT ITS PRESENCE.

• CAPTURE THEN TAKES CONTROL — NO IFS. ANDS OR BUTS — AND PRESENTS A MENU.

• CAPTURE WILL NEATLY SAVE EVERYTHING IN YOUR COMPUTER TO YOUR 1541 OR

COMPATIBLE DISK DRIVE — ALL 64K OF RAM. CPU. VIC AND SID CHIP
REGISTERS - EVERYTHING. IN EASY TO VIEW CHUNKS.

• CAPTURE WILL, IF YOU WANT, PRE-CONFIGURE YOUR COMPUTER'S RAM SO THAT

ONLY MEMORY ALTERED BY YOUR PROGRAM NEED BE SAVED.

• CAPTURE WILL WRITE A BOOT ON YOUR DISK SO YOU CAN RELOAD AND BEGIN

EXECUTION RIGHT WHERE YOU LEFT OFF.

• CAPTURE DOES ALL THIS AT A COST OF JUST

$39.95

BUT HERE'S THE BEST PART

• CAPTURE WILL MAKE AN AUTO-START CARTRIDGE OF YOUR PROGRAM. IT'S EASY!

JUST FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON THE SCREEN. NOW PLUG IN YOUR
CARTRIDGE AND TURN ON YOUR COMPUTER. IN LESS THAN TWO SECONDS
YOUR PROGRAM BEGINS AGAIN AT PRECISELY THE POINT WHERE YOU
CAPTURE'D IT. MAGIC!

BESIDES CAPTURE, YOU NEED A prOUienade 01 AND A SUPPLY OF CPR3
CARTRIDGE KITS.

ORDERING INFORMATION

• CAPTURE CARTRIDGE — COMPLETE WITH INSTRUCTIONS $ 39.95

• promenade ci — eprom programmer with disk software 99.50

• CPR3 CARTRIDGE KIT — PC BOARD, CASE AND 3 EPROMS 29.95

• DR— EPROM ERASER, TWO AT A TIME, 3 TO 10 MINUTES 34.95

• STARTER SET - CAPTURE, promenade C1 and 1 CPR3 149.95

• DELUXE SET — CAPTURE, promenade ci , dr and 2 cpr's 199.95

SHIPPING AND HANDLING — USA: UPS SURFACE $3.00

BLUE LABEL $5.00 NEXT DAY AIR $13.00

CANADA: AIR MAIL $7.00 OTHER FOREIGN AIR $12.00

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS ADD APPLICABLE SALES TAX
COD ORDERS, USA ONLY, ADD $3.00

C64 AND 0128 TM COMMODORE ELECTRONICS, LTD. *WHEN OPERATING IN 64 MODE

TO ORDER TOLL FREE 800-421-7731 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND 408-287-0259

FROM CALIFORNIA 800-421-7748 FROM OUTSIDE THE US: 408-287-0264

ES

JASON-RANHEIM

580 PARROT STREET
SAN JOSE, CA USA 95112

LEROY'S CHEATSHEET

KEYBOARD OVERLAYS
-^-7 — r;riv^>^ii^

FOR COMMODORE 64*""

<VIC-20 also avdlUblo)

LEROY'S CHEATSHEETS" are pJastIc laminated keyboard
overlays designed for use with popuiar software and
hardware for Commodore's VIC-20 & C-64 computers.

These cut-it-out yourseif overlays are designed to fit over
the keyboard surrounding the keys with commands and
controls grouped together (or easy references.

LEROY'S CHEATSHEETS

make lite easier for you

WORD PROCESSORS

O Eisy Script

□ HESWiilflf

D Paperclip

D Ouk£k Brown Fox

D Script 64

Q SpfiBdlCripl <9.0 t 3.0 QAZETTE}

D Wofdproa/PlUS

G Omr\\mi\9f

D Wof'dpro 04 iGy Sieve nunferl

O VHtWn rJowl/e4

n Flisesi Svralurn 2

n Slinks iJE»;f. not i,--f.rti*fli

Q Far The Bogmner iirt-nQinrfiJi'

a Sprues Oi^Jy

D FllQhi SimuiKlof II

D DoodJa

D 1541 Qssk

D Shy Trawl

LANGUAGES
A UTtLirrES

rnn;

iJtn

ss

G cue Hc»ul[{f«iYi

0 Etir cue

a MuJtiprin

O Pitc[iCiice4

Q PHACTICALC If

I.HJ1HI4J

G 5up«rBi»64

n Pfiriilur,it;tJW(ibJS. MPSMi.wf£iaoi

G P r I M lot, iCUM I iiS6. M P$ QD2

□ Prifi[eMii>LyiiH)i & FX ao 1 loo

□ PfiriefjLi.i'„i-.noj< - 15X
n Prkni«r,Okidata92 t, 93

Dealer Inquiries welcome

COMAL
SIMON'S SASIC

Hfljmon W
LOGO 11^41 1]
LOGO |^^M1J1

Essms

n VidEex

D The Sman 6^ Termin»l

D VEP Terminal

D Term S*

/

Qty. X $3.95 $_

Shipping & handling $
6% sales tax S _

(PA rasidL'n!:^ only J

1.00

TOTAL $

us fu^D5

NO cod's P>LIA£

CHEATSHEET PRODUCTS mc

PO Bon 111368 Pitlsbutgh PA 15238

lA\2i 781-1551

n ChnrHii My VISA or Master Card NUMBER EXPIRATION

DATE

I I ' I ' ' i

OR SEE YOUR LOCAL DEALER '

it NOT JUST ANOTHER "^

PRETTY {INTER)FACE

THE PRINTM ASTER /+G With Intel liFeatures'"

II you dtm't care whal your pinttuts loflii like, ymi roultl use any oltl iniwlact l( you want till paler-
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has rnany lealures lotjnd no wtvo else fuif grioftics conipata&ility with Epson. Star. Tally, Ofeittoia,
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shutllirtg It's fasl< Completes Commodure prnila lest [rc^gram m 4 mnuie. 400\ laster thai rr«$t
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modes Cassette Of externally powfred

WHAT *fiE IKTIlLIf EATIIIIES7 Ttiese are Itie special advanced lealures ol lh« ftmlmasHr; tG Set
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Secondary adr^ess iKk Bihanced graiJtfacs characters The ftmtrnxiv ROM i:oniairts some special
Cpmmodore rttactiine language routires whtch you can access with a LDAO command jusi tike a disJc
drive LOAOt".-!.! (>splay5 Itw (Jsk diectofy Mthoul detroymj BASIC memory L0«D"STATUS",J.1
d-sotay^ comciele Phnfrasttr seil-ngs and sialus And more' Add I! 50 lor shipping Suggested
retail 199.95

LOaKI I6K KiFFER EIPMSIOK - Ru^i uttty nwtt PtmmnitiftG catse HcccfH IGK m 40
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ptrurrtets a Bas.c program LOSD'OLO' 4.1 rttoyen a NEWd Bis.c proym LOADINSEfir 4 1
merjes i Basjc program Design and us* Special character seis L0AD"EDir.4,) to ilsifln special
characters Program aiy rtiaracier to be up to M CHRSi Many rmi tulurn itun we can hsi Iwe

LOOKI PntimUSIEIt/S Iw nSZ3Z ^ rIMWt • All ol Ihe leal arcs ol llie ?r mi master rector ait RS?3!

pruiier Oo grae)h.(s characters and do! ^aphics on your Sffial Epson or otrrer supported prffiter
300 600. tJM. 2400 tjaud. word and parity, DTR or Xtm'Xotl handshake HuVHinus 12 volts.
Specily male or lemale UBZ$ connector Ac^ S2 M tor shipping «J ] 9 9g

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Sm your local dealer oi call v
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FOR THE COMMODORE 64 & C-128
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FIARIDQ t, nUTKIHE' ll^n ('.at 1 nCI^'EtUS-BUUn
t viSfi, I^OSTER rORD. OMEX, MO, CnSHIER CHECKS

* opcRnroRS smKiniNC by 2>i hr fdr ir^r^FninrrF shippinc

* WE PHY FOR SHIPPING * HRNOLINU

STATE OF THE ART SOFTWARE

133UD IrJ DIXIE Hi'lY

N r^inr^i FLORiDn

33tE2

We did something about
high-priced sofhA^ref

^^ "^

Tired
of paying S50,
S75, or even SI 00 for
productivity products for
your Commodore 64? If so, try our
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KWIK-LOAD!'* — winner of SciftscPs awarti
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a menu -driven group of utilities which lets yoii
perform DOS eornmands, check tlrivc speed, cdii
sectors on disk, iind alphabetize disk dirctlories,

KWIK-FILEr — a mcmi driven, full-fcatun'd
database for yiHir Commodore (it. KWlK-l-ll.b! of-
fers the ability lo specify up to W fields, sort
records, cross reference datii. print mailing labels,
add a sceuritv passwonl option and much more!
Sl'J.'JS

KWIK-CHECK!'' — a checking account
rceonciliatiiin and maintenance program for your
Commodore 6). KVi'lK-CUFCK.' will maintain
multiple eheckiug actinints, iiemiw.* expenses. Ilan
tax-dcduciilile items, print your check register in
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KWIK-PHONE!'" — a telecommunications
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KWIK-PAD!'" — a desk secretary for your
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KWIK-WRITE!" —

prsjcessor ft>r yttur computer thai oilers the power
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WKITEZ! allows you to set tabs; niei^e files; ctit and
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KWIK-CALC!'" — a fill I -featured elect r<uiic

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KWIK-PAINTr — 3 bandy mllily that turns
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lor fine detail work. Has lb avail;ible colors plus
infinite fills. For use with a jovstick or Ko;dal':id'"
Totich Tablet. Siy.U5

KWIK-MAIL!'" — a complete mailii^g list
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Introducing K\VlK-i:'lll,ITV!, a menu
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Generate disk errors. Restore scratched
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Display block availahility map and
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K\Mk I.O.Vrj'. K^IK r.AU' KWIK-^mil' K^tk^l'Ill' KWIS I'MN]'!.

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Ask about our

ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE - .lur

einerlaiimu-ni sofivs'art" is de&ignetl lorcli:illtu^ing
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Inside CA (818) 709-1202

Coming soon . .

KWIK-FORM!™ — a pei>o[i;ilized report and form generati>r.

KWIK-TYPE!'" — .1 typing tutor for your Commodore (H.

KWIK-PRINTr" — a Hraphlts package iltai turn:, your computer and printer Into a

juiut simp,
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one KWlK-program to aniulier

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Distributor and Dealer inquiries Invited

m DATAMOST

19821 Nordhoff St.. Norlhridge, CA 91324 (818) 709-1202

r

BELIEVE IT OR NOT!

• A neutrino has neither mass nor a ctiarge, but travels at the speed ot tight!

• A 1950 study predicted all computing in the U.S. through 1999 could be done
by 5000 computers!

• An integrated program witti the power ot Lotus 1-2-3 is available on the C64!

Until now, while useful programs
existed (or the C64, you had to use
difterent commands for each. Even
worse, they couldn't share data. Now
there is one integrated program with
the power of Lotus 1-2-3: VIZASTAR.
It has a spreadsheet, a database and
graphics. It took Kelvin Lacy, who
wrote the acclaimed "Omniwriter" lor
Hesware, 15 morjths to develop
Vizastar. It is totally menu-driven and
written 100% in 6502 machine code.
You can go instantly trom
spreadsheet to database or graphics
and data is shared by all. It is
compatible with virtually all word
processors and printers. All Vizastar
commands can be automated, so you
can create your own applications and
run them with one l<eystroke. Bet you
think, with integration must come
compromises. Nope. Read on and
decide lor yourself.

Actual S«i*«n Dump PitnlHJ by VIZASTAR

The VIZASTAR Spreadsheet

It is a full-featured spreadsheet, as
powerful as Multiplan. But much
faster — faster than many on the
IBM-PC! Remari(ably, 10K of memory
is available for spreadsheet use.
Below VIZASTAR is compared
against the other leading
spreadsheets.

Nd. of Rows

No. ot Columns

Vary intilv. Columns

Ditt Calculitlons

No of WInitows

Buill'in Functions

Link SpiftadshMis

Sort

Program Mode

Monty-back Guarinlw

fltttll Prlct

GJU.C

RISULT

!M

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

99.96

HUITI

PUN

255

63

YES

NO

39

YES

YES

NO

NO

99.95

tooo

H

YES

YES

33

NO

YES

YES

YES

119.97

The VIZASTAR Database

It is a fast, random-access database,
with file size limited only by
available disk space. Create file
layouts by simply painting a picture
of the layout on up to 9 screens,
showing where each field starts and
ends. Vizaslar does the rest. You
can modify the layout at any time.
To process the data, you use the
familiar environment of the
spreadsheet.

The VIZASTAR Graphics

Open a window anywhere and
display a high-resolution bar or line
graph of spreadsheet or database
data. Or display the data as a pie
chart or spectacular, 3-D multibar
graph.

"I have been using Vtzastar daily. I find II
Is the moat powerful spreadsheet on the
market for the C64 and the only
spreadsheet that I will personally
recommend for serious use."

Richard Tsukiji, President,
U.S. Commodore Users Group

"The power and design of VIzastar Is
spectacular. One of the "Best 5" software
tor the C64 of the lOOOs I've seen."

Mike Hayes, Commodore Dealer

[Viiastar is| a phenomenal piece ot
programming which could turn the home
computer market on its head."

CalilorniaMagazine !/8S

RtSK-FREE OFFER

VIZASTAR comes with a cartridge; a
1541 diskette with a backup, reference
and tutorial manuals. The 50 page
tutorial manual is full of examples and
pictures, to guide you step-by-step.
Viiastar is priced at O/VL/ $119.97.
The power of Vizastar may t>e hard to
believe, but Its value is hard to beat.
We are so positive you will t>e
delighted with it thai we otter a hard-
to-bel leve IS day Money-Back
Guarantee. Try it Risk-Free. Call us
today or send a check or Money Order.
VISA/MC accepted.

Calif. Residents add 6.5% Sales Tax.

Add PAH: UPS-*4: C0D/Canada-$7.

SOL/D Sr/?rf SOFTURRE

1125 E. Hillsdale Blvd., Suite 104

Foster City, CA 94404-1609

(415) 341-5606

■ Dealer Inquiries Welcome •

IrHtMurki Uriui w^^uiut Pivitopni#n1

I MT-RODLJC ZMC3 b

PEfilPMERflLS THAT WORK TDBETHER;

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Jniversal Interface -■- connect! to
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NOTE: All bodrds beloM require the
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COBputer.

Floppy -- controls 4 single, double,
or quid density 5-1/4" drives, or 8"
drives ...tlJ9,?5

Du4l S-1/4' drive cifate ,.,I1<).9S

RjBdisIt -- contains 256K of RUM,
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over Ton bytes/sec 1229. 9S

Print Spooler — contains t4K
buffer. Controls 2 parallel
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5 ft, printer cable 124.95

RE-2S2 Controller -- contains A4K
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Baud rates to I9,20ij tl49.95

S ft. iile or feaale R5-232
cible 1 12. 95

To order or for inforAationi

Research Service Labs (1051 74S-9J2Z
P. 0. Box 19124 Sin-lpi CST
WC, OK 73144 Monday-Fridiy

\ mck«d Wendy's

^ j House of

Discounts

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80 COLUMN CARTRIDGE DATA 30 XL SO cirlridge
wllh fiee >pread?heel and word.prtKeJsOf */wjrr
ittcludeii (100 J87

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ORDEK, VISA OR M C, ACCEPTED, SHIPPING AND
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CALIF RESIDENTS ADD 6.5% TAX.

i'hjces bueiect to ch^mgf, without notice. prooyct
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the 21 Second Back-up

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ACCESSORIES

j^inland

STORAGE CASE

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MASTERCARD. VISA M O OR CHECK

NV ORDERS ADD SALES TAX

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All Pnces & Availabilitv subject to chJinqe A'ltnout notice. Prices are mail order only and 00 not include shipping & handling

IN CANADA CALL: (514) 678-5258/CALL FOR OUR OTHER N.Y. LOCATIONS

Learn to

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(206) 083-9257

Deoler inquiries welcome

FREE DISKEHES

Vour SVi " single lidf disks Am usable
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Nibble Notch wiil open your new
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SATISFACTION OR MONEV BACK

nibble notch I

For Apple, Franklin, Commodore, &
Atari (wMtari Drives); square notch.

•'» J,

only

$1^95*

PLUS

PSH

a»lo>was

DISKETTES

-n 'Add 12 (S5 foreign) for postage &
OBD''^ handling. FL reiidents add S% sales tax.
fOOfr^ TOLL FREE T-S(K)M2-2S3S |™H
FL 1303)748-3770

or send check
ormonei'orderto:

computer products
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Lauderhill.FL 33319

COMPUTE['s Gazette

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COMPUTEI's Gazette

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In NC 919-275-9809

"q7 IMfi tAttn I

El'LLrtl iLliliLlLlL,.

IkMi :hL' I'.LfkK nil Muniiil I unji !- '.

Bijvj*ic 6oon QihitiTT rtn*Tiii iiiuri \^*^lA«ly*'" /-^

AHD USIMQ THJJ T*i6JMG STlll** mm ■ » La_J^

Mftvt TON Hill* inv(mec *i tm( i-^.J-%»i'"C'^^'''^

LQliVFST PAlCEt ^filCl COhVtHTthC; TQ

C*Sm Ai IMI ?T[JCii NtARl ITS Hft* ' I

iMiif^M^iilKiHiOMifJi

?4fl gi C-44 E>31H

LQTTQ EIPHER..

GET rH( Bt^T DDDS 0*1 kM^ LOT^RT
Sit i^lJWBii! fiiif. FOUit OAlLr ClHf

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if K P'ROir.JtAtiWI D

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SA.LDR JtlF Ht.i vqilSJ*iTrfBiO TO »1At ItHkNe
AtO K((P tHl tMi»> itt'tO'T Ur4Tl^ Hit Cflfw
MEWBtn^ nut HF'iCUfP C^N K( tfJtKl hT Qil MILL
MF MAvL TQ AaA'<lD0>4 ■%HlP PATCH TMI MnjLt*
*.xf> StAL arr Mt;ir«L|)1l HOOMft WHILI FItlHllNa
I'^uiOINU «l« CHlATunit

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iMlM-INQ ,lP4Ci HUlHClllHlS ADD t I iO - C O P 1 ACCEPICD

TllH^ Ah? Wi^TfR CaUP Dll&rftt AbD 4t

IM>IAP4A NEtlOEm^ ADD i\ t*(,1t TAI

Utnlvr Inqvripi Wvltom*

FOR COMMODORE 64

• TRACKMIMIC " •

Why nibble when you can

— Gulp —

Hardware/Sottware Protected Disk

Backjp System

Installs in t541 Drive in Minutes

Just Piug It ln><
2 Minutes For Full Disk Backup!'

Features include:

Automatic Operation, Hyperscan

Sector Edit (GCR). Bit Den sity. Tracks 1 - 45

• for All New Prolirctmn Methods *

89.«5

DISKMIMIC S+'

Our Famous Automatic
Backup System

49.95

DISKAT -

Cataloging Program

Reads data liirectly from Disk,

Holds 8000 Files, Makes Labels,

Recalls 12 Way's, Alphabetizes

Files, Printer/Screen Output.

3495

A.I.O. CORP.

<[I2(J Hempsteid 1^9'i.i • Bernjas* Ne« Vwt 11?n

(516)731.7100

OtSJimimic 5'" IS a trajeniris gt A 1 0 CoftWJTiw

Commoaore W* S 1 ill '■ is i irjowuik ol

ConmodvB ElcctrMics. Ltd

Shipping & H arjilinj — Ji 50 tatii

ARCHIVER™

tiy thr Juli^ors ol
Cartridge Backer ant) other Backup iyst^•m^

CIT THi ONIY PUBUCATION SHOWING
HOW TO REMOVE THE PKOTECTION EROM
OVER 300 TOF-SEllING CAME, BUSINESS,
AND UTILITV PROGRAMS. Arthiver shows

how [o byfia^s the latest protection schemes
and make backups vvitboul the errnrsl!

INQUDES;

• .M.iriu,j1 showing how to BACK-UP over
300 TOP-SEllING GAME. BUSINESS ,ind
UTILITY PROGRAMS

• THE ONLV ml MONITOR ihal decode* un

implemenlc*d op-tode^

• Aulo-Boot builder. T i S editor. Sector
Searcher. 4 MV Monitors, 4 iMin Copier

iind much more on disk

• Enables the NOVICE lo UNDERSTAND ami
CREATE ,1 bdck-up copv in as Ittlle .ts tO
SECONE»:

• a.icku()s run WITHOUT DOS ERRORS

.indwwksviih most IMl comiiiiihlc'ilrm-,

• REPLACES those EXPENSIVE disk doners,
.Nib biers. Makers, .ind Hft^ck Boxes

FOR ARCHIVAL USE ONLY

COA4MODORE 64 ™ and C 1 28 tm

send CHLCK CJK M.C). fur 29'*^

250
Shippins/H.indling to;

CYBERTECH

P.O. Box 4065

East Lansing, fvll 48823

(517) 351-730S

CONVERSE WITH
YOUR COMPUTER

AT LASTf A FULL IMPLEMENTATION ontie ongingl EMZA pro.
gram is nowavaMableto runon your Commodore 64*
C'oalfld ,Tl MiT in 1966, ELIZA has tecoms ihe wofSd'S moal
celebrated afMiqial iniaiijgBncedpmonsiffliion progrnm, ELIZA im
nofl-dirflctltfu paychoinarapisi wKo analyies eacM smtsmani as
fOit type it in and m&rv responds w<1h i\ftf own comment or
quottiDri—andHQr r^maThaare [}Men emminigiy appropnale'
DesiQiifld 10 rur\ on a larje mainframe, ELIZA Tias n&vor bofore
been available to peraanal computer users excepi in greaily
stripped down versions tacking Ui& sophisiication wtiicn madethe
original program ao tascsnaling.

Now, our new Commodore 64 version possessing the FULL powei
and range of eJipression of the original is being odeied a1 the
mtroducioiy price o1 only 525. And it you want to find out how 5he
does It lor teach her io do mo^e) we will rnclude Ihe complete
SOUHCE Pfl OGHAM lor only £20 sddilicnsi
Orderyouf copyof ELiZAlodftysrtdyou'il nevef aflairiwdndflTho*
torflBpdnd when you hear aomBoneaay. "Okay, lat'iieo what this
comiputer of youra can actually do'"

REAO WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY AHOUlOUfl VlflSION OF ELlZAr
"Miicli more than a miero game. .. You 1I Oe irrtprossed wilh
ELfZA A convincing demonstration or Artificial inieJIfgance."
-PC MAGAZtfiE

,,An ideal m&diUiTv for showing off ifOyr
-MtCROCOMPUTlNG MAGAZifiE

"DeFightfui enfeftainmen
system,"

"ELIZA is an astounding piece of software. . .A fascinating program
to yse and study;' -BATON'S KUCHOCOMPOTBR flfPOflrs
"ELIZA ia a great way to introduce your frianda to computers. A
y#ry funny parly same." ^PETEFA. WdrVfUfAMS

"ELIZA IS an e,iicepltona1 program, one ttiafj fun lo use, sfiowi off
your machine, and has graafhisiorical inierasi."

^ POPVIA ff COKtPU TtfiG ^A GA ZSNE
'ThiB version Of ELIZA is the best we have jeen As a party game. H
is unma!Che<J." -HOME APPHCATtONS FOR THf C-fi^

ELIZA ! 5 AVAILABLE IN THE FOLLOW INO FORMATS^
(P3eas4 specify DrskorCasseitef

1. Pratecied Versiort £25

jProiecied Ver&ioncan ha run but not hated or modifieti)

2. Un-protecied Commodore 64 BASIC Source Version

j Source Version tan tj^fisledand mo'jifiedaswellasrunh

Bothvefaion3ircFud« asivpagsuser manual

Pieaae add 12.00 shipping end fiindfing to ail ordeo

(Callforr^ia resident} ptesaa add &Vi% laiet laa)

ARTIFICJAL IMTELUGENCE RESEARCH GROUP

921 Noflh LaJolla Avonjo. Depl G

^^^■1 LOS A r geiaa , CA 90046

(2t^|656-736& (213J654-??14

htC, v:i$A and cfiecks accepled

. S«

NOW GET TRUE DESCENDERS
FOR 801 & 1525 PRrNTERS

FROM

ARTS

rhe Descender ROM People

FEATURING :

* Trufl descenders

« A pleasing allsrnatlve

* Uniform charsctar formation

* No change In graphic capability

* No chango in software compattblllty

* No change in printer operation

* North American standard font

* Complete Instructions

* Easy installation

$39.95 Cdn.

$29.95 U.S.

Ont. Rstltfsflts add 7% Prov. Silas Tax
Chequs, Money Order or MiiterCstd

WILANTA ARTS
6943 Barrlsdala dr.
MItaistauga Ont.
L5N 2H5

Phone 416-858-9298

G«t a Wilanta Dsscsnder ROM today

and p>oi0 /our old niohfmart
Jt/Sf a font memory of yastarday '

Commodore 64
Control Interface

Complete
Software on Disk

hKk'

• 16 Contact Inputs IB Di9itiJl Outputs

• 8 Channel Analog to Digital Convtirters
■ 8 Kelvin to Fahrenheit Conveners (of

Temperature Sensors

• 7 Day Real Time Clock

• Complete Instruction Manual

• Control & Monitor Applications

• Robotics

• Data Acquisition

• Automated Testing

The soltwara includes a demo program, tutor pro-
gram, wedge prograrr aiid various utilities. When
the system is operating, it is conipletelv transparent
to other basic programs. This uvedgo program also
does not take any RAM away trom user basic or
machine programs and makes programming the in-
terface very easy

$199.95

Most Charge Cards, Checks Accepted
Logical Taohnologlas Ine.

30591 Schoolcraft, Livonia. Ml 48150
(313) S22.23aS

/f DELUXE RS232^
INTERFACE

Commodore
service

3-5 Day
Turn Around

c-64 Repair $55"

1541 Alignment .$35°°

1541 Repair $75°°

Other computers . . $CAU

Parts & Return Shipping

Included.

Parts & Power supplies

Also Available

To save e.a.O. ehargss —

send unit & fawer Supply

with eHecH or M.O.

Second Source Engineering

9901 Horn Rd., ste. b

Sacramento, CA 95827

(916) 364-5134

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Whether you want ro commgnjc-itc *itN a rmjrtcm. sefiil prin[# ,
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HS232 ponli^^U'T^tiDin the ami inclu[f9 a 3 iDgt Ctibln v^it^ i^lfv
2 mile 0^ fcni^'e UUZb onnKlDf (specily wfiicfi) RS232 plui and
rnmui vd^la^ Umi Manual incluckK .1 type m Bjs^c (PTimn^f
program, ijasic progfam iiansfer roufme, and atf^w enamiJfes Add
£? 00 iat <ifiJpiiiJig Su^c^fMt rGla^i 149.05

PRiNTMASTER/S (RS232)

ihi^ IS AH RS232 versiyn gf ogr lamrw.^ Prriirr^-BrMV » H l( h
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fffiniSn9.95

See your locaf d«a(«f or
CALL (206) 236-2983

30 liay money tHcV (^ran!« en jil products V^a ind MC
welcome Write to ls il ycnj wr5?i ifl tx dr^ A$pecial rnarvthng survey

^,„n,i., n^ALERS CALLUSI y

tOnmiirSnix^

k P.O. BOX 43-DEPT.G9-ll(IERCEft IS.. WltMOW/

DUST COVERS

•k CUSTOM MADE TO FIT

ic HoQvy 32-OI. VINYl ANTI-STATIC

it EXTENDS EQUIPMENT LIFE

it Choice of Colon Lt. Tan or Brown

COMPUTERS

C-64; VIC-20; C-16; PLUS 4 7.00

C-I2B; a-12a 13.00

DATASetTE (NEW, CIN) S.OO

DISK DRIVES

C-IS41J C-tS7l INDUS or 8.03

MSDS/D; APPLE S/0 B.OO

MSDD/D; APPLE D/D UNIT 10.00

PRINTERS

c-i 525 /Mpsaoi 10.00

ClS16/MPSeo2 , 13,00

C/MPS 803; C-1S20; C-1530 B.OO

PANASONIC KX-PI090;91 13,00

EPSON MX/IX/FX SO 13.00

GEMINI 10 S STAR lO'l t3.00

GEMINI 15 a STAR IS'i li.OO

OKIOATA 91/92 13.00

JUKI 6100 „ 16.00

OKIMATE 10 8.00

MONITORS

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ZENITH ZVM J22/123 16.00

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BMC COLOR „ 16.00

VIDEO RECORDERS .; 13.00

(Djmvniioni R*quir*d)
Order by stating NAME and MODEL
and COLOR CHOICE TAN or BROWN,

Ln^lda ^hack or money order plui SI ,50
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Calilornij) Rci. Include 6.5* % Salci Tan.

SPECIAL COVERS WILl BE MADE 10 YOUR
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OUIREMEN15 FOR OUR LOW PRICE QUOIES

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Classified

COMPUTEi's Gazette Classified is a low-cost way to tell over
275,000 microcomputer owners about your product or service.

Rates: S25 por lim-, minimum of four linos. Any or all of the first lire set in capital
letters at no charge. Add S15 per line for boldface words, or $50 for the entire ad set
in bold/acf (any number of lines.)

Terms: Prepayment is required, Check, money order, American Express, Visa, or
MasterCard is accepted. Make checks payable to COMPUTE! Publications.

Form: Ads are subject to publisher's approval and must be either typed or legibly
printed. One line equals 40 letters and spaces between words. Please underline
words to be set in boldface.

General Information: Advertisers using post office box numbers in their ads must
supply permanent address and telephone numbers, Orders will not be acknowl-
edged. Ad will appear in next available issue after receipt.

Closing: lOth of the third month preceding cover date (e,g., June issue closes March
llJth). Send order and remittance to: Harry Blair, Classified Manager, COMPUTE!'s
Gazette, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. To place an ad by phone, call Harry
Blair at (919) 275-9809.

Notice: COMPUTE! Publications cannot be responsible /or offers or claims of advertisers,
but will attempt to screen out misleading or questionable copy.

SOFTWARE

TKIi-LI\r, WITH TtilVIA - ONE OK THi; BEST
Gcnt-ral or Sports Edition: $11.00 each
or both for SI 7,00 (shipping included).
Send check/money orticr to: MTR Software,
P.O, Box 2153, Streelsboro, Ohio 44240

The Checking Accouril Assistant S3I) to 540 retiiil
value! Complete prgni av,iil,ible on Iri.i! t.isis,
!-or copy send blank dKk f $3 p/li — Software,
P.O. Box 491 -J, VVhitchoiisp, TX 75791

RENT A SOFTWARE WITH OPTION TO BUY!
All tirand-name programs low as SI /day. Send
SI for catalog to DCS, 2254 Pacific, Long Beach.
CA 9080ft (213) 595-0899

HANDICAP IVITH YOUK C64. SPEEIJALYZJ-R
Uses daily racing form to analyie a race. S25 ch.
or m,o. Specify disk/fajH'. F4tS Software. P,0.
Bos 5700^9, Miami, l"L 33257

LOTTO-IVIASTEH; Picks 6 numbers from 40 or
more. Sophisticated grouping gives lo^er
"average" combination odds. Specify 40, 42,
44 or 45 numbers. S2S.99. Tape or Disk
for Commodore 64 or VIC-20. W. Dick, 1149
Broadway Ave., Masury. OH 4443B

TEACH 1:KS GRADEBOOK - Kaled excellent liy
educators, Eull featured; several grade/printer
options, S39.95 -I- S2.50 s/h. Teacher's Helper,
P.O. Box 25003, Lansing, Ml 48909, C-64/disk
only. Details free,

•" jubilee "• is the performer of
7.922090923604 4 E -■- 2H works i.f music and the
chronicler of your Ideas, dreams and
remembrances, l-or your copy (runs on C64) send
a blank diskette to Monty Lee Stark, P.O. Box
1813, Surprise, AZ 35374.

Til Oct, 15 a FREE HIGH QUALITY GAME lo
introduce Blaze Software! Buzzard Rainjels: nc'w
ML, 32K, 500+ hrs., real time combat, 1 or 2,
.split/view, CM disk only, $4 [disk + s/h) lo:
P.O. Box 7S19, SLC, UT 84117

15B COMPurers Bazetie i3ctol)er 1985

BRIDGEBRAIN: Tull- featured, user-friendly
contract bridge for C-64, S30 {T or D) or $1 for
info to: George H, Bodnar, PhD, 1134 Harvard
Circle, Pittsburgh, PA 15212

• PERSONALIZE YOUR COMMODORE *
Diri'ct replacement chip fur vour old kernal!!
SEND; PWR/ON Message (up to 29 char. +
color) Border. Screen, Cursor Colors, Default to
drive? Plus $24.95 CHECK or M.O. to; TAR A
SOFTWARE, 337 Mohawk Rd., Brownsboro, AL
35741

GRAPHICS DISK & MORE for C64. To use i«th
PRINT SHOP'". 120 new graphics 514,95 + S2
p/h ( + CA tax 90C) to: RJ Softshop, 4102 E. 7th
St„ Ste 207B, Long Beach, CA 90804

LIMITED OFFER C64 owners send S9.95 ~ S2
s/h for public domain software on disk
w/inst ructions to Software Shack, Dept. 60, 2834
\ lackson, Fresno, CA 93703

b ASST, UTILITIES: Checkbook, Cataloger, Mail
Lis; and more! Send SI 6 (AZ res. add 6%) to
\'iking Software, 8556 E. Appaloosa Tr.,
Scoltsdale, AZ 85258. (602) 483-9244

OVER 5003 PUBLIC DOMAIN PROGRAMS on
220 disks. Only $3/disk. SPECIAL 100 dtff.
SI 97 50 diff. $123, Add S2 p.h. SASE for info.
Frugalware, 440 W. Green, W. Hazltn, PA 18201

100% ML Dish Cataloger loaded w/options i.e.
record commenting & auto-updating. Menu-
driven. 10 day m.b, guarantee. SI 5.
R, Bianco sin a, 38 S. Ogle Ave,, Wilmington, DE
19805

3D SURFACE prog. GRAPHS and ROTATES
topo map elevations. Use as building site
planner. Maps on disk. $29,95 GROTTOWAHE,
P.O. nov 113058, Carrollton, TX 75011-305B

For ,1 limited time CASINO ROYALE {blackjack,
poker, slots, craps, roulette) is offered to C64
users for only $15.95 plus SI shp. Send to Lake
Country Software, P,0; Box 2556, White City,
OR 97503

CONTEST PLAYERS - Now let your C64 solve
those word-building letter-value playoff games
and tiebreakers for big cash and automobile
prices. 20,000 legal-word database. Start winning
now with AUTO BINGO'". Complete package
S119 95-or-info only, SS ch or mo, to; Statistical
Game Analysis Co,, 5668 S, Chagrin Dr,,
.Mentor, OH 44060 (OH res, add 5'/j% s,t.)

BOZBOARD - Full-featured Color/Graphics
bulletin board system-Easily Customised-
Standard or CBM ASCII-Compatible with CG
Term-Xmodem — Mag.l/.ine I-eature-$4n-For
demo, coll 919-643-7851 evenings-l'or more
information write Robert Sims,
7818 Summerfield Rd., Summerfield, NC 27358,

NEWSPAPER DEALERS/CARRIERS • Integrated

multiple route lists, draw control, daily
manife.sts, bills (carrier, store, pbm) more-$50
C64 disk 7166890112 Amerisoft Group, 846
Robin, Amherst, NY 14228

C64 UTILITIES! Includes DISK. UTIL, a DOS
wedge. Ml. graphics routines, a file copier, and
an electronic notepad. Disk, $19,95 (MS add 6%
s.t.) William Compton, Rt, 1, Box 23, Sardis, MS
3866()

FREE C64 SOFTWARE CATALOG
OVER 100 PROGRAMS LISTED
PANTHER SOFTWARE

6608-4 WISTERIA, CIIAR[,OTTE, NC 28210

MISCELLANEOUS

C-64 OWNERS - Cle.in up your act! The Disk
CATALOGER will organize your disks. Sort by
relative, program, sequential, or all files! Hard
copy too! Send $19.99 to CBA, Box 505,
Montgometyville, PA 18936

S,NEAKY peeks, poke and sys commands. C64
Ioc!<;ups, tricks, etc. explained. Send $1 and SASE
for chart: R. Hoffmeisler, P.O. Box 1633, Seffner,
FL 33584-1633

FREE! SHOP BY MODEM in our revolutionary
electronic shopping mall. We even accept credit
cards! We have products YOU want! Call
1-818-84Q-8066 with your modem NOW!

FREE C64 SW CLUB - EUROPEAN TOP 20
Programs, members discounts, Introd. offer: Free
memb. catalog & reviews. Arrow Express, Box
205-GlO, Rossland, B,C, VOGIYO Canada

MASTER BBS C64 ELECTRONIC bulletin board
$34.95, Carter Enterprises, 412 )amaica Way,
Bakersfield, CA 93309. BBS data line
(805) B31-2155. Send SASE for details.

COMMODORE 64 CIRCUIT DESIGNS for
EPROM/Programmer Cartridges, parallel or
serial port. 20 pp. Send $5 to: A| Industries, 335
N. Woodmont Dr, Dovvningtown, PA 19335

COMPUTER OUTLET— Your Commodore Cen-
ter - We'll repair your C64 or 1541 for $49.95 ■¥
shp. STAR 5G-10 w/Graphic Interface $299,95
+ shp Call 1-800-621-0852 ext, 460, ask for

catalog.

ROBOTICS interface (or C64 or VIC-JOI

Co[itro] 1-4 motors. Board .ind Software.
S49.95 ch, or m.o. to: SDR, Int., P.O. Box 469,
Ivy, VA 22945-0469, (804) 977-1572

Maxell Floppy Disks

The Mini-Disks
with maximum quality

Dealer Inquiries invited. C.O.D's accepted
Call FREE (800) 235-4137.

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InCal calUSOO) 592-5935 or
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OAKLAND. CA 94614

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SPORTS
POOL

Commodore 64 & IBM pc

SPORTS POOL runs your football pool lor
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SPORTS POOL handlGE all standard pool
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schedules, picks & YTD statistics. Options
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several reports, pick sheets and other
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individual requircmenls

C-64 Disk ,.,... Only S29.95

IBM Diskette Only S39.95

Add IZ.m for handimg

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DECISION
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■ Menu Dtiven

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■ Allows Over 30 Decision Criteria

■ Op to 1 50 Alternatives

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Decision with multiple alternatives

*24.95 - 1541 Disk

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COMPUTEVs OezBm October 1 985 1 59

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Reader Service Number/Advertiser Page

102 Abacus Software 51

103 Abacus Software 95

104 Abby's Discount House of Software, Inc 142

105 Acorn of Indiana, Inc 156

106 Activision 54-55

107 Activision 57

108 A.I.D. Corp 156

109 Arlifjcjal Intelligence Research Group 157

Art Instruction Software , . , 159

Bancom Systems, Inc 159

110 Basement Boys Software , 42

111 Basix 45

112 Basix 64

Batteries included 13

113 Big Bytes 53

114 Biackship Computer Supply 159

Brantford Educational Services 150

1 15 Cardco, Inc IBC

Cardinal Software 115

116 CDI/Computer Devices International 37

117 Centrai Point Software, Inc 70

118 Cheatsheet Products, Inc 152

Comal Users Group, U.S.A., Ltd 69

C.0.IV1.B. Co 69

C.O.M.B. Co 67

C.O.M.B. Co 92

Commodore IFC-1

119 Compumed 150

120 CompuServe 11

121 ComputAbility 149

122 Computer Centers of America 62-63

123 Computer Mail Order 141

Computer Place 1 46

124 Computer Warehouse 146

125 Crown Custom Covers 157

126 CSM Software, Inc 105

127 Cybertech 156

128 Datamost, Inc 153

129 Davidson & Associates, Inc 93

Diversions, Inc 148

130 DJ Software 156

131 Full Circle Software, Inc 114

132 Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc BC

Halix Institute 100

Handic Software, Inc 4

133 Infocom 2-3

1 34 Integrated Software Systems 117

Intelligent Software 148

135 Jason-Ranheim 146

136 Jason-Ranheim 151

137 Kyan Software 114

1 38 Logical Technologies, Inc 1 57

Lyco Computer , 58-59

139 Marathon Software 64

140 MegaSoft, Ltd. 19

141 MegaSoft, Ltd. 61

Reader Service Number/Advertiser Page

142 Merntt Micro Systems 100

143 Micro Prose Simulation Software 29

144 Micro-W Distributing, Inc 146

145 Micro Worid Computers, Inc 115

146 Nibble Notch 156

NRI Schools 71

147 Omnitronix 152

1 48 Omnitronix 1 57

149 Pacific Exchanges 159

149 Pacific Exchanges 159

150 Parsec Research 117

PC Gallery 145

151 Protecto 74-91

Proware Solutions 72

152 Quorum international, Unftd , 159

Research Service Labs 154

R. Levirter & Associates 159

153 Scarborough Systems, Inc 25

Schnedler Systems 115

Second Source Engineering 157

154 64 Gold 67

155 Skyles Electric Works 97

156 Software Discounters of America 144

157 Software Discounters of America 148

158 Solid State Software 154

1 59 Starpoint Software 43

1 60 Starpoint Software 53

State of the Art Software 152

161 Strategic Simulations, Inc 15

162 subLOGIC Corporation 21

1 63 Systems Management Associates 99

164 T & D Electronics 148

165 Tenex Computer Express 147

166 Timeworks, Inc 7

1 67 Triad Computers 1 50

168 Tussey Computer Products 143

169 Tymac Controls Corporation 35

Ultrabyte 117

170 Uni-Kool 67

171 Universal Dist 155

172 Vievirtron 16-17

Wailstreet Corp 72

Wicked Wendy's House of Discounts 154

173 Wilanta Arts 157

Commodore Sound & Graphics Book Collection 41

COMPUTEI's Classified Ads , 158

Commodore 64/128 Collection 39

COMPUTEI's Gazette Disk Subscription 32-33

COMPUTEI's Gazette Subscription 48

First, Second, and Third Books of Commodore 64 ... 47
Machine Language for Beginners and Second Book
of Machine Language 9

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Homework Helpers from Grolier

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• Teaches database management through the use of an *
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Available for the Commodore 64™ and 128™ ' • i " - ■ '*v . '

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